Those who teach by experience
IMPORTANCE OF STEM TO TVET
HOW EXPERIENCE CAN BE GAINED THROUGH
NON PROFIT MANUFACTURING.
Importance of STEM to TVET

STEM:

Science, Technology, Engineering, Math.

What were the prerequisites to the Industrial side of TVET,


Math and Science
Promotion of STEM in the Industrial world is targeted at under
represented groups to enter what are mainly a male dominated
professions.

Engineering

Science
Importance of STEM to TVET

Applied Math

Applied math is the link to Science

Physics is applied math,

Physics principles require

Applied math.
Science
Scientists study the world as it is; engineers create the world that has
never been.
—Theodore von Kármán

There exists an overlap between the sciences and engineering practice;
in engineering, one applies science.

Both areas of endeavor rely on accurate observation of materials and
phenomena.

Both use mathematics and classification criteria to analyze and
communicate observations.

Scientists are expected to interpret their observations and to make expert
recommendations for practical action based on those interpretations.

Scientists may also have to complete engineering tasks, such as
designing experimental apparatus or building prototypes.

Conversely, in the process of developing technology engineers
sometimes find themselves exploring new phenomena, thus becoming,
for the moment, scientists.
Importance of STEM to TVET
Engineering
American Engineers' Council for Professional Development

(ECPD, the predecessor of ABET[1]) has defined engineering as
follows:

The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop
structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes,

or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or
operate the same with full cognizance of their design;

or to forecast their behavior under specific operating conditions; all
as respects an intended function, economics of operation and safety
to life and property.”
Importance of STEM to TVET
Technology

technology

noun tech·nol·o·gy \tek-ˈnä-lə-jē\

: the use of science in industry, engineering, etc., to invent useful
things or to solve problems.

: a machine, piece of equipment, method, etc., that is created by
technology.
Importance of STEM to TVET

Full Definition of TECHNOLOGY

a : the practical application of knowledge especially in a particular
area : engineering 2 <medical technology>

b : a capability given by the practical application of knowledge <a
car's fuel-saving technology>

C: a manner of accomplishing a task especially using technical
processes, methods, or knowledge <new technologies for
information storage>

d: the specialized aspects of a particular field of endeavor
<educational technology>
Importance of STEM to TVET



T.V.E.T
Throughout the course of history, various terms have been used to describe
elements of the field that are now conceived as comprising TVET. These include:
Apprenticeship Training, Vocational Education, Technical Education,
Technical-Vocational Education (TVE), Occupational Education (OE),
Vocational Education and Training (VET), Career and Technical Education
(CTE), Workforce Education (WE), Workplace Education (WE)
etc. Several of these terms are commonly used in specific geographic areas.
(UNESCO)
Importance of STEM to TVET

TVET (Canada)

Promotion of TVET in the Industrial world such as Canada is
geared mainly to youth.

Many government funded community youth agencies and
many school counsellors think those of low academic
achievement should be in TVET.

Lack of understanding of the levels and types of skills sets in
TVET and the STEM level required for some of the TVET
disciplines.
Importance of STEM to TVET

STEM in TVET

What were the prerequisites to the Industrial side of TVET,

Math and Science

TVET requires the use of theory to correct a problem or issue
practically for resolution.

STEM and TVET combination is the emphasis to the
Industrial Economic function.

Areas requiring TVET:

Engineering.

Science.
Importance of STEM to TVET

TVET promotion issues:

STEM or Math and Science play a very important part in TVET, especially in
the programs that target the secondary industries in the world.

Streaming of students in school, education levels Academic prep, Academic,
Applied, and Locally developed.

A high number of black or new immigrant are streamed into Applied
programs, and those not capable of applied, into locally developed.

TVET is promoted by Schools only to youth in Applied and locally developed.

Stigma of TVET to parents of Black and new Immigrant youth,

Prejudice in the Black and immigrant community in Canada to TVET, is a
Microcosm of the same belief in developing countries such as Nigeria and
Ghana.
.
Importance of STEM to TVET
TVET in the Black community Canada:

TVET held in low esteem

Lack of understanding what TVET is In the community

Lack of understanding the educational requirements for
TVET.

The Black view and division in view of Intellectuals to
Practitioners. Booker. Washington vs W.E.B. Dubois (the
talented 10th)
Importance of STEM to TVET

Industry relevance of TVET and Education of the community
Breakdown of the various Industrial sectors
Sector
Definition
Primary
This involves the extraction of resources directly from the Earth; this
includes farming, mining and logging. They do not process the products
at all. They send it off to factories to make a profit.
Secondary
This group is involved in the processing products from primary
industries. This includes all factories—those that refine metals, produce
furniture, or pack farm products such as meat.
Tertiary
This group is involved in the provision of services. They include
teachers, managers and other service providers.
Quaternary
This group is involved in the research of science and technology and
other high level tasks. They include scientists, doctors, and lawyers.
Quinary
Sector
Some consider there to be a branch of the quaternary sector called the
quinary sector, which includes the highest levels of decision making in a
society or economy. This sector would include the top executives or
officials in such fields as government, science, universities, nonprofit,
healthcare, culture, and the media.
Importance of STEM to TVET

TVET Industries

Wealth creating Secondary Industry :

The Manufacturing industry is a national wealth builder (China)
Importance of STEM to TVET
How to change perception

Creating national awareness and local programs to fully
understand how TVET is to economic growth which translates
to social and health improvements.

Working with Industrial sources to educate the population on
how TVET plays a part in their daily lives.

Industry, government and education need to work to create an
inclusiveness of both academic and TVET in the school
system.
How to make TVET relevant

Skills shortage Canada
How to make TVET relevant

“Lack of skilled Labour threatens Canadian economy”,
Prime Minister Stephen Harper says ,


Published on Monday November 19, 2012
How to make TVET relevant

Skills shortage and government promotion to address
the issue.
How to make TVET relevant

Apprenticeship has four TVET trade sectors

Industrial/Manufacturing

Motive Power

Service

Construction
How to make TVET relevant
Industrial/Manufacturing

Tool and Die Maker

General Machinist

Mould Maker

Industrial Mechanic Millwright

Industrial Electrician

Welder
How to make TVET relevant

Motive Power

Automotive Service Technician

Truck and Coach Technician

Agricultural Equipment Technician

Heavy Duty Equipment Technician

Auto Body Repairer

Motorcycle Technician
How to make TVET relevant

Service

Cook/Chef

Baker

Hairstylist

Early Childhood Educator

Educational Assistant

Developmental Services Worker

Pool and Hot Tub and Spa
Installer
How to make TVET relevant

Construction

Electrician

General Carpenter

Hoisting Engineer

Plumber

Steamfitter

Refrigeration and Air
Conditioning Systems Mechanic

Brick and Stone Mason
How to make TVET relevant
TVET in developing countries and the inner cities:

Skills mismatch to the skills required by industries in
developing countries.

Lack of opportunities for youth in the inner cities to TVET.

Lack of understanding by Governments as to what skills and
what TVET is when giving Funding.
How to make TVET relevant

TVET issues effecting to scuccess: (Toronto Canada)

Too low academic level to enter the Industrial TVET

Low opportunities for Black youth in Apprenticeships in the
secondary industrial sector.

Industries are not located in the community, so exposure to
TVET is a problem.

No introductory programs in the community focused to
Secondary industry TVET or other Technical programs.
How to make TVET relevant

TVET issue effecting success in developing countries
(Ghana and Nigeria

Quality of practical teaching in TVET,

Low practical knowledge to work in the industry

Lack of practical knowledge to teach by the instructors

Not enough equipment to conduct the practical teaching that
is paramount to the success of the TVET program.

Programs practical aspect is not in keeping with industrial
requirements.
How to make TVET relevant

HOW DO ADDRESS THE RELEVANCE ISSUE: Toronto

Educate and inform parents of TVET as a career path

Invest in knowledge focused education using STEM

Invest in community base industrial base economies that are
TVET focused.

Educate employers of youth of African heritage for
acceptance into apprenticeship.

Increase in the number of equipment to conduct the
practical teaching this is paramount to the success of the
TVET program.
How to make TVET relevant

HOW DO ADDRESS THE RELEVANCE ISSUE: (Africa)

Link the practical teaching in TVET to Industrial partner,

Invest in practical knowledge focused to the industrial
sector.

Invest in modern machinery, and educating government in
this plight.

Programs should be relevant to the needs in Industry by
adjustment of TVET curriculum.

Increase in the number of equipment to conduct the
practical teaching this is paramount to the success of the
TVET program.
How to make TVET relevant
Thank you for your time, Brought to you by:
Camara skills training network;
www.camaraskills.org
Ryerson University, Department of Mechanical and Industrial
Engineering.
www.ryeson.ca
Presented by:
Mr. Joseph K. Amankrah (Chairperson Camara skills training network and
Technical officer Ryerson University Department of Mechanical and Industrial
Engineering, Ontario Canada)
jamankra@Ryerson.ca; jamankra@camaraskills.org; jamankra@gmail.com
Phone: 1-416 578 3187; 1-416-979-5000 Ext 7214