Map of the Human Body
Chapter 2 A and P
Health Sciences
mmoyer@mbit.org
Positions
•
•
•
•
•
•
Supine
Prone
Trendelenburg
Fowler’s
Video
Lab
Body Positions
• Anatomical – Standardized for all anatomy
– A Upright position
– B Feet apart
– C Palms Up
– D Face forward
Pathology Connections
• Relative to certain clinical scenarios
• Trendelenburg
– Postural drainage
– AVOID with ICP
–
why??
– AVOID pc for 2-4 hours
–
why??
Pathological Connections
• Sim’s
– Rectal procedures
• Prone/Supine
– Examinations
• Fowler’s
– Orthopnea
– Drainage
– Orthostatic Hypotension
Body Planes
• Frontal or Coronal Plane
– Divides body into Front and Back
• Median Plane – Left and Right sides
– Mid Sagittal = halves
– Sagittal – left and right sections
• Transverse– Divides body into Upper and lower sections
Directional Terms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Superior ( Cranial or Cephalic)
Inferior ( Caudal)
Medial
Lateral
Anterior ( Ventral )
Posterior ( Dorsal)
Distal
Proximal
Directional Terms
•
•
•
•
•
•
External
Internal
Superficial
Deep – under the surface body
Central – locations around center of body
Peripheral – surrounding outer regions body
Body Cavities
• House or protect organs
• Ventral
– Thoracic
• Mediastinal/ pericardial cavity
Abdominal pelvic
• Dorsal Cavity
– Cranial
– Spinal
Body Cavities
• Regions of the Spinal Column
–
–
–
–
–
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccyx
C1-C7
T1-T12
L1-L5
S(fused S1-S5
Tail Bone
• Cavities located in the skull
– Nasal
– Oral /Buccal
– Orbital
Body Cavities
Body Regions
• Abdominal
Abdominal Quadrants
• http://quizlet.com/1847323/organs-found-inthe-four-abdominal-quadrants-flash-cards/
• http://www.freeed.net/sweethaven/MedTech/NurseCare/Gast
roNurse01.asp?iNum=17
• http://quizlet.com/2692067/body-cavitiesflash-cards/
Terms used to Describe the Body
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Antecubital
Antebrachial
Axillary –
Brachial –
BuccalDigital
Carpal
Cervical
Lateral –
Bi Lateral
Ipsilateral –
Contralateral
elbow- BP
forearm
arm pit
bicep area
mouth
fingers
wrist – Carpel tunnel
neck
away from
both sides
same side
opposite side
Areas of the Body
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Femoral
Gluteal
Lumbar
Nasal
Oral
Orbital
Patellar
Plantar
Pubic
Sternal
Thoracic
Radiology
• Science of Viewing the body
• Diagnostic Pathway
• High energy radiation that penetrates the
body
• Provides 2 dimensional views
X-ray
• Air- Black on film
• Tissue/fat
thicker area lighter the images
• Watermid range density more dense
than air less than bone
• Bone/metal highest density-absorbs most
radiation – film image white
Problems/ concerns X-ray
• One dimensional
• Terms
– PA- upright position – chest in front of film
radiation moves from back to front (PA)Shoulders commonly rotated distance 6ft
– AP- back against cassette- distance 48inches –
portable xray
– Lateral – from side – perception of 3D
–
Radiology
• MRI- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
– Greater detail
– No radiation
– Precautions
• CT – Computerized Tomography
– Thin slices – 3D view
– Reveals true depth of tumor