The Simple Past
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The Simple Past The –ed ending: pronunciation and spelling Irregular verbs © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 Simple past: regular verbs Use: Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind. The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. Form: We add the suffix –ed in + sentences. Example: She played the violin very well last night. We use DID or DIDN’T in ? and – sentences Example: Did you call me yesterday? I didn’t have my mobile on. When answering: Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. In the simple past, the verb does not change for the different subject pronouns. © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 POSITIVE I played You played He played We played You played They played NEGATIVE I did not play You did not play He did not play We did not play You did not play They did not play QUESTION Did I play? Did you play? Did he play? Did we play? Did you play? Did they play? NEGATIVE QUESTION Didn't I play? Didn't you play? Didn't he play? Didn't we play? Didn't you play? Didn't they play? © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 The verb to be POSITIVE I was You were He was We were You were They were QUESTION Was I? Were you? Was he? Were we? Were you? Were they? NEGATIVE I was not / wasn't You were not / weren't He was not / wasn't We were not / weren't You were not / weren't They were not / weren't NEGATIVE QUESTION Wasn't I? Weren't you? Wasn't he? Weren't we? Weren't you? they? © Rafael MorenoWeren't Esteban 2008 Spelling of the ending -ed Verbs ending in consonant + y drop the y and add –ied E.g. cry → cried Verbs ending in one –e simply add –d E.g. move → moved One syllable verbs ending in one vowel + one consonant double the final consonant E.g. stop → stopped Except: verbs ending in -y,-w,-x E.g. snow → snowed, play → played, fix → fixed Verbs of two or more syllables ending in one vowel+ one consonant also double the final consonant if the stress is on the last syllable. E.g. prefer → preferred Except: travel → travelled, cancel → cancelled (UK English only) © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 Time expressions Frequency adverbs Yesterday, the day before yesterday… Last night, last week, last month, last year… The last time you called Two days ago, a week ago, 5 years ago… In 1999, in October, in the summer… At 7 o'clock, at midnight, in the evening… For a while, for some time, for a month… Lately, recently © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 Pronunciation of the –ed ending If the verb ends in the sound /t/ or /d/ we pronounce the ending /id/ E.g. fade → faded If the verb ends in a voiceless consonant other than /t/ we pronounce the ending /t/ E.g. laugh → laughed If the verb ends in a voiced consonant other than /d/ or vowel sound we pronounce the ending /d/ E.g. beg → begged, pray → prayed Voiceless consonants: /p/, /s/, /k/, /f/, /t∫/, /∫/, /θ/ Voiced consonants: /b/, /g/, /v/, /z/, //, //, /d /, /l/, /r/, /m/, /n/, // © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 Exercise: write the past tense of the following verbs and put them in the correct column. discover – laugh – destroy – survive – crash – jump visit – change – travel – introduce – need - worry /d/ Discovered Destroyed Survived Travelled Worried Changed /t/ Laughed Crashed Jumped Introduced © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 /id/ Visited Needed Irregular verbs: All 3 forms are similar Base Form Past Simple Form Past Participle Form Phonetic Symbols bet bet bet bet bid bid bid bd broadcast broadcast broadcast brdkst burst burst burst b:st cost cost cost kst cut cut cut kt hit hit hit ht hurt hurt hurt h:t let let let let put put put pt quit quit quit kwt set set set set shut shut shut t split split split splt spread spread spread spred © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 Past Simple and Past Participle are the same Base Form Past Simple Form Past Participle Form bend bed bent bent bet bring br brought brought brt build bld built built blt buy ba bought bought bt catch kt caught caught kt creep krip crept crept krept deal dl dealt dealt delt © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 dig dg dug dug dg feed fi:d fed fed fed feel fi:l felt felt felt fight fat fought fought ft find fad found found fad flee fli: fled fled fled get get got got (gotten) gt hang h hung hung h have hv had had hd hear h heard heard hd hold hld held held held © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 keep ki:p kept kept kept kneel i:l knelt knelt elt lay le laid laid led lead li:d led led led leave li:v left left left lend let lent lent let light lat lit lit lit lose lu:z lost lost lst make mek made made med mean mi: meant meant met meet mi:t met met met © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 pay pe paid paid ped read ri:d read read red say se said said sed seek si:k sought sought st sell sel sold sold sld send sed sent sent set shine a shone shone shoot u: shot shot t sit st sat sat st sleep sli:p slept slept slept slide slad slid slid sld spend sped spent spent spet © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 spit spt spat spat spt stand std stood stood std stick stk stuck stuck stk sting st stung stung st strike strak struck struck strk sweep swi:p swept swept swept swing sw swung swung sw teach ti:t taught taught tt tell tel told told tld think k thought thought t understand dst d understood understood dst d weep wi:p wept wept wept win w won won w © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 Base Form and Past Simple are the same beat bi:t bi:t beat beaten bi:t Base Form and Past Simple are the same become bi:k m became bi:ke become m bi:k m come km came kem come km run r ran r run r © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 All forms are different arise raiz arose r z arisen rz awake wek awoke wk awoken w k be bi: was/were wz/w : been bi: begin bg began bg begun bg bite bat bit bt bitten bt blow bl blew blu: blown bl break brek broke brk broken brk choose tuz chose tz chosen tz do du did dd done d draw dr drew dru drawn dr drink drk drank © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 drk drunk drk eat i:t ate et eaten i:t fall f fell fel fallen fl fly fla flew flu: flown fl forbid fbd forbade fbe d forbidden fbd forget fget forgot fgt forgotten fgt forgive fgv forgave fge forgiven v fgv freeze fri:z froze frz frozen frz give gv gave gev given gv go g went wet gone g grow gr grew gru: grown gr hide had hid hid hidden hid © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 know knew ju: known lie la lay le lain le mistake mste mistook k mst k mistaken mste k ride rad rode rd ridden rd ring r rang r rung r rise raz rose rz risen rz see si: saw s seen si: sew s sewed sd sewn s © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 shake ek shook k shaken ek show showed d shown shrink rk shrank rk shrunk rk sink sk sank sk sunk sk sing s sang s sung s speak spi:k spoke spk spoken spk spring spr sprang spr sprung spr steal sti:l stole stl stolen stl © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 stink stk stank st stunk st swear swea swore sw sworn sw swim swm swam swm swum swm take tek took tk taken tek tear tea tore t torn t throw r threw ru: thrown r wake wek woke wk woken wk wear wea wore w worn w write rat wrote rt written rt © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008 Confusing verbs Lie – lied – lied (mentir) /la/ - /lad/ - /lad/ lying Lie – lay – lain (estar tumbado) /la/ - /le/ - /len/ lying Lay – laid – laid (poner la mesa) /le / - /led/ - /led/ laying © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2008
