Course Code: BIO 2010 & BIO 1080
Course Title: General Biology (1) &
General Biology
Departments: Biology, Chemistry,
Physics & Mathematics
Levels: Second and Third Levels
Credit hours: (3,2)
Prepared by: Dr. Shereen Elkholy
Lectures (1-7)
Course Code: BIO 2010 & BIO 1080
Course Title: General Biology (1) &
General Biology
Departments: Biology, Chemistry,
Physics & Mathematics
Levels: Second and Third Levels
Credit hours: (3,2)
Prepared by: Dr. Shereen Elkholy
Lectures (1-7))
Course Description
►Definition of Biology
►Chemical basis of living organisms
►Organic components of living organisms
►Non Organic components of living organisms
►Cells and Tissues of Plants (Structure and
function)
►Biodiversity (The division and classification of
viruses-bacteria- algae- plant)
►Bioenergy production (Photosynthesis- Securing
solar energy)
►Breakdown of large molecules and release of
energy
►The main roads of genetic
Definition of Biology
Biology (from the Greek words bios
= life and logos = science or
studying). It means the study of life
or living organisms in terms of their
structure, function, distribution,
adaptation, interactions, evolution
and all vital activities.
Life Properties
Despite the difficulty of defining life and determine its
characteristics accurately,
the secret of life lies in the protoplasm
(living material that make up the body cells
of the organism).
protoplasm consists of organic compounds as nucleic
acids, proteins, carbohydrates and fats, but it is
characterized by being living.
The most important characteristic of living
organisms is the ability to conduct the next vital
operations:
1-Nutrition
A vital process that enables the organism
to obtain the necessary energy to carry
out other vital operations.
Nutrition includes the following stages:
a- Nutrient uptake
b- Nutrient Processing
c- Waste elimination
2-Respiration
It is the process of gas exchange.
Inhalation of Oxygen
Exhalation of carbon dioxide.
3-Growth and Reproduction
Growth: Constitutes the total of the biological
processes that lead to increase the size of the
organism.
The reproduction is increasing the number of
organisms.
4- Locomotion
Means the ability of the organism to move from
one place to another in the media where they live
this known as the virtual movement in animals
sometimes some plants exercise this type of
movement as the movement of insect-eaters
plants.
if we look closer under the microscope, we
see the movement of organelles in the cells,
this type of movement is known as
cytoplasmic movement .
Response to the external stimuli:
the Organism responds to external stimuli by
irritability through moving to or away from the
source.
As a result of persistent exposure to this
external source arises the so-called individual
adaptation. Over time, produces the socalled evolution.
Biological Sciences branches
Morphology
Ecology
Taxonomy
Anatomy
Histology
Cytology
Genetics
Embryology
Physiology
Animal
Behavior
Biochemistry
Microbiology
Parasitology
Phycology
Mycology
Virology
Entomology
Pathology
Vertebrates zoology
Invertebrates
zoology
Marine biology
Endocrinology
Auxinology
Evolution
Biotechnology
Genetic engineering
Morphology
Study the shape and the outer structure of the
living organism.
Ecology
Study the relationship of living organisms with
each other and with the media where they live.
Taxonomy
Study the classification of living organisms and
their division in groups.
Anatomy
Study the internal structure of the living organism.
Histology
Study the composition and function of tissues
of the living organism.
Cytology
Study the molecular composition of cells and its
biological processes.
Genetics
Study the genetic material and genetic traits and
their transmission across generations.
Embryology
Study the formation and growth of embryos of
living organisms.
Physiology
Study the function of the body organs of the living
organisms.
Animal Behavior
Study the animal behavior in response to
external stimuli.
Biochemistry:
Study the chemistry of the cell and its biological
process.
Microbiology
The study of different micro-organisms.
Parasitology
Study the biological and environmental
characteristics of parasites and the diseases
caused them.
Phycology
Study the biological and environmental
characteristics of algae.
Mycology
Study the biological and environmental
characteristics of fungi and their relationships to
humans.
Virology
Study the biological and environmental
characteristics of viruses and the diseases
caused by them.
Entomology
Study the biological and environmental
characteristics of insects and their economic
and pathological relationship to humans.
Pathology
Study the causes of different diseases, and the
methods of treatment.
Vertebrates zoology
Study the biological environmental characteristics
of vertebrate animals
Invertebrates zoology
Study the biological and environmental
characteristics of invertebrate animals.
Marine biology
Study the biological and environmental
characteristics of marine organisms.
Endocrinolog
Study the biological characteristics of animal
hormone.
Auxinology
Study the biological characteristics of plant
hormones.