Study Guide for Third Quarter Assessment
1. Hormones
a. are produced in large quantities by most cells.
b. usually only affect cells close to those that produce the hormone.
C. bind only to cells that have receptors for that specific hormone.
d. are either lipid or polysaccharide molecules.
e. have all of these characteristics.
2. The pituitary gland
A. is a small gland that rests in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.
b. is also called the hypothalamus.
c. has a superior lobe above the hypothalamus, and an inferior lobe below the hypothalamus.
d. is connected to the optic chiasma by the infundibulum.
e. has all of these characteristics.
3. Insulin is secreted by the
a. anterior pituitary gland.
b. posterior pituitary gland.
c. adrenal cortex.
d. adrenal medulla.
E. beta cells of the pancreatic islets.
4. ______________ are chemical signals secreted into the environment that modify the behavior
and physiology of other individuals.
A. Pheromones
b. Hormones
c. Neurotransmitters
d. Autocrine agents
e. Paracrine agents
5. _______________ are intercellular chemical signals secreted into the circulatory system.
a. Pheromones
B. Hormones
c. Neurotransmitters
d. Autocrine agents
e. Paracrine agents
6. Which of the following are functions of the endocrine system?
a. homeostatic water balance
b. regulates uterine contractions
c. maintains ionic homeostasis of sodium, potassium, and calcium
d. energy homeostasis
E. All of these are functions of the endocrine system.
7. Whether or not a cell "responds" to or is "sensitive" to a particular hormone is determined by:
a. how many ion channels the cell has.
b. the quantity of the hormone circulating in the blood.
c. the amount of Paracrine factors the cell produces.
D. the presence or absence (number) of appropriate receptor complexes that the cell has to that
hormone.
e. All of these are true.
8. Prolactin
a. helps development of, and production of milk in the breast.
b. causes "milk letdown" from the breasts of lactating women.
c. causes contraction of the muscle of the uterus.
d. stimulates development of sperm cells in males.
E. both causes "milk letdown" from the breasts of lactating women and causes contraction of the
muscle of the uterus.
9. Calcitonin
a. is secreted by the parathyroid glands.
b. increases the amount of calcium absorbed by the intestine.
C. is synthesized by parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland.
d. increases the rate of calcium release from bone.
e. is secreted when blood calcium levels drop too low.
10. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
A. increases calcium level in the blood.
b. inhibits the formation of active vitamin D in the kidneys.
c. decreases the rate of bone breakdown.
d. has an effect similar to that of calcitonin.
e. has all of these characteristics.
11. In a neuron, short, branching cytoplasmic extensions that receive information and carry it to
the cell body are called
A. dendrites.
b. axons.
c. cell bodies.
d. nissl bodies.
e. a myelin sheath.
12. Axons
a. may branch to form collateral axons.
b. have an axon hillock which is devoid of nissl bodies.
c. are often surrounded by a myelin sheath.
d. carry action potentials away from the cell body.
E. have all of these characteristics.
13. Gaps between segments of oligodendrocytes or between individual Schwann cells are called
a. ganglia.
b. microglia.
C. nodes of Ranvier.
d. ependymal cells.
e. nerve tracts.
14. The resting membrane potential
a. occurs because the cell membrane is more permeable to potassium ions than sodium ions.
b. partly results from the sodium-potassium exchange pump.
c. occurs because the cell membrane remains polarized at rest.
d. occurs because there are negatively charged proteins and ions inside the cell.
E. has all of these contributing factors.
15. An action potential occurs
A. if the membrane potential reaches a threshold value.
b. when negative proteins and ions rapidly enter the cell.
c. when the inside of the cell becomes negative compared to the outside.
d. when there is repolarization.
e. All of these are correct.
16. Chemical substances released from the presynaptic terminal
a. bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
b. may inhibit or stimulate an action potential in the postsynaptic membrane depending on the
receptors.
c. are normally broken down by enzymes located in the synapse.
d. are called neurotransmitters.
E. have all of these properties.
17. A reflex
a. is an involuntary reaction in response to a stimulus.
b. allows a person to react to stimuli more quickly.
c. is a form of negative feedback response.
d. conducts signals from the periphery to the spinal cord then back to the periphery.
E. All of these are true of a reflex.
18. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of
a. the brain.
b. the spinal cord.
C. all the nerves and ganglia outside of the spinal cord.
d. the white and grey matter and the spinal cord.
e. the white matter and the ganglia.
19. Below are given the steps of the patellar reflex arc. What is the correct order of events from
the time the hammer taps the patellar ligament to the knee jerk response?
1) The leg extends at the knee.
2) Sensory neurons conduct the action potentials to the spinal cord.
3) Motor neurons are stimulated and generate an action potential.
4) Sensory neurons synapse with motor neurons in the spinal cord.
5) The AP travels to the quadriceps femoris and cause it to contract.
6) Sensory receptors in the muscle detect the stretch of the tendon and muscles.
a. 3, 4, 6, 2, 5, 1
B. 6, 2, 4, 3, 5, 1
c. 5, 3, 6, 2, 4, 1
d. 6, 5, 4, 2, 3, 1
e. 1, 5, 3, 4, 2, 6
20. After a car accident, the ER doctor uses a hammer to test your patellar reflex response. You
have no initial knee jerk response but after 2 weeks your response is exaggerated. What does it
indicate?
A. The neurons within the brain or spinal cord that modify this reflex have been damaged.
b. The neurons within the periphery have been damaged.
c. Your cerebral cortex was damaged but has since re-routed your spinal reflexes.
d. Your spine had been severed but has since regrown.
e. The withdrawal reflex has taken over the stretch reflex function.
21. Which of these is NOT a component of the diencephalon?
a. thalamus
B. pons
c. pineal body
d. hypothalamus
e. All of these are components of the diencephalon.
22. Most sensory input that ascends through the spinal cord and brainstem projects to the
a. pineal body.
b. hypothalamus.
C. thalamus.
d. mammillary bodies.
e. colliculi.
23. The deep groove that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres from each other is the
A. longitudinal fissure.
b. lateral sulcus.
c. lateral fissure.
d. central sulcus.
e. infundibulum.
24. The right cerebral hemisphere (in most people)
A. controls the activity of, and receives sensory input from the left side of the body.
b. contains the language centers.
c. is the analytical half of the cerebrum.
d. has a larger volume and mass than the left cerebral hemisphere
e. has all of these properties.
25. The thickest and most superficial of the meninges is the
a. pia mater.
b. arachnoid layer.
C. dura mater.
d. choroid plexus.
e. dural sinus.
26. The central nervous system disorder characterized by seizures (massive neuronal discharges)
and, when motor pathways are affected, convulsions (involuntary muscle contractions) is
A. epilepsy.
b. Huntington's chorea.
c. migraine headache.
d. alzheimer's disease.
e. cerebral palsy.
A. Brain
B. Cerebrum
C. Midbrain
D. Corpus
Stem
E. Dicephalon
Callosum
27. ___D____ Part of the brain that separates the two hemispheres
28. ____A___Part of the brain that regulates visceral functions/autonomic system
29. ___B____ High mental function, largest part of the brain, wrinkly part.
30. ___E____ Part of the brain that made is up of the hypothalamus and thalamus.
31. ___C____ Part of the brain that helps with visual reflexes and eye movements.
A. Hippocampus
B. Limbic
C. Optic Chiasm
D. Transverse
System
E.Pons
Fissure
32. __C_____ Part of the brain where the optic nerves cross each other.
33. ___A____ Part if the brain that plays a major role in memories and is sea horse shaped.
34. ___B____ Part of the brain that plays a major role in emotions.
35. ___E____ Part that relays sensory information.
36. ___D____ A deep groove in the brain that separates the cerebrum and cerebellum.
A. Hypo-
B. Medulla
C. Pituitary
D. Cerebellum
thalamus
E. Thalamus
37. ___B____ Part of the brain that regulates your heartbeat, respiration and blood pressure.
38. ___A____ Part of the brain that regulates hormones, body temperature and hunger.
39. ___C____ Part of the brain that is considered the “Master Gland”
40. ___D____ Part of the brain that controls balance and coordination.
41. ___E____ Part of the brain that is considered the relay station.
Lobes of the Brain
A. Frontal Lobe
B. Temporal
Lobe
C. Parietal Lobe
***Lobes can be used as many times as you think No pun intended
42. _C______ Intelligence, reasoning, decision-making
43. __C_____ sensation, intelligence, telling right from left
44. ___B____ memory, speech, hearing
45. ____D___ vision only
46. ___B____ vision, behavior, emotions
47. ___C____ reading, language
48. ___A____ judgement, planning, personality
49. ___A____ inhibition, mood
Labeling for 3rd Quarter
ALSO KNOW the Labeling of the 12 Cranial Nerves
D. Occipital Lobe