CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Eliminate the
Guesswork!
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
TRAC III PRODUCTION LOG
PRODUCTION
LOGGING
SCHOOL
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Trac III Production Logs
• Background:
– Need to obtain production information from wells with
rod pumps
– Stabilized producing conditions
– Convey tools to the production zone, (rod string
blocked the production tubing)
– Enter the well in the tubing annulus
– Very small logging tools due to clearance constraints
• 7/8” diameter production logging tools
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Trac III Production Logs
• Dynamic, producing (e.g., actual or "real-time")
conditions.
• Temperature log.
• Capacitance log.
• Radioactive tracer log.
• All logs can be run simultaneously during one trip
in the well.
• 5 1/2 inch casing and 2 7/8 inch tubing.
• 4 1/2 inch casing and 2 3/8 inch tubing.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Trac III Production Logs
•
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Positive monitoring of reservoir performance .
Detailed, zone-by-zone, information.
Changes in the down-hole conditions detected.
Reevaluate marginal production wells.
Rework watered-out or gassed-out wells.
Recompletion of unproductive offset wells.
Essential guidance for remedial-workover designs.
Cost-effective well recompletions.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Trac III Production Logs
• Improved completion techniques for future wells.
• Immediate verification of perforation efficiency .
• Positive identification of the actual production
intervals.
• Confirmation of open hole log analysis and
assumptions used in the initial completion.
• Pinpoint mechanical problems.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Trac III Production Logs
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Document baseline production profile for future reference.
Optimize pump placement.
Discover unwanted water sources for remedial procedures.
Correlate production results with injection profiles for
sweep efficiency of floods.
 Confirm engineering and geological assumptions and
analysis.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Trac III Production Logs
 Verify stimulation job effectiveness and techniques.
 Plan accurate placement of mechanical isolation tools
(bridge plugs and packers.)
 Locate thief zones and undesirable cross-flows.
 Real-time snap shot of production well.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
TRAC III
PRODUCTION LOGS
TRAC-III Logs:
A.
Annulus Logging with 7/8” O.D. Tools.
B.
Flowing Wells
C.
“Y” Tool & Submersible Pump (7/8” Tools).
D.
Memory PLT (Horizontal Applications).
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Annulus TRAC-III Production Logging With 7/8” O.D. Tools
Tracer Velocities
Temperature Logs
Collar Locator
Gamma Ray
Capacitance
Pressure
Caliper
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Annulus Logging Candidates
4.5” Casing & 2.375” Tubing
5.5” Casing & 2.875” Tubing
Or any combination of larger casing and
smaller tubing.
No liners or other restrictions in the annulus.
ROT: 100 BPD of produced fluids.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
7/8” O.D. Tools
Rope Socket (15" - 5/8" fishing neck)
Capacitance Tool (40")
Caliper (69")
Collar Locator (28.5")
Scintillation Gamma Ray Detector (60")
Microprocessor Controlled Ejector (75.5")
Temperature Tool (37")
Memory Pressure Gauge (14”)
Total Tool Length with crossovers = 30’
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Trac III Production Log - Tools
• Collar Locator - 7/8" O. D. by 28" in length.
– Magnet coil assembly measures changes in metal thickness.
• Capacitance - 7/8" O. D. by 40" length.
– Electrically is a capacitor.
– Insulated probe functions as one plate.
– Tool housing as the opposite plate.
– Various materials passing between the plates have
different dielectric properties that change the total
capacitance of the circuit.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Capacitance Tool - Parallel Plates
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Trac III Production Log - Tools
• In most instances, a 3% or more oil cut is
necessary before a noticeable change in the
capacitance is registered. This 3% threshold
varies with the salinity of the water and the gravity
of the oil.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Trac III Production Log - Tools
• Temperature Tool - 7/8" O. D. by 37" in length.
– Accuracy approaching 0.1 degrees Fahrenheit
– Linearity and repeatability.
– Temperature stability.
– Critical for channel detection and other applications.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Trac III Production Log - Tools
• Components
– Platinum Resistor Temperature Detector (RTD)
– Stable crystal oscillator
• serves as an accurate, drift-free frequency reference in the tool
electronics.
– Individually calibrated in a total immersion oil bath
• Shock and vibration protection
– Continuous operation at rated temperature.
– Three-day burn-in at maximum rated temperature
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Trac III Production Log - Tools
• Caliper - 7/8" O. D. by 68" in length.
– Three 9. 5" arms
– Capable of measuring the I. D. of a hole up to
approximately 14" in diameter.
– 7/8” O.D. when arms retracted
– Surface controlled actuation.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Trac III Production Log - Tools
• Ejector - 7/8" O. D. by 74" in length.
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–
–
–
Digitally controlled.
Motorized plunger / pressure chamber
O-ring sealed exhaust port
Consistently eject selected slugs from 0.1 cc to a full 20 cc.
• Detector - 7/8" O. D. by 60" in length.
– Scintillation type.
– Sodium iodine crystal.
– Photo multiplier.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Trac III Production Log - Tools
• Signal telemetry
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Pulse encoding
Data decoded using DSP technology
Data are logged to the hard drive in real time.
Simultaneously available for viewing.
Logging passes scaled in either axis.
Multiple passes merged as required.
Merged passes linked with other data.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Trac III Production Log - Preparation
 Collar Log & Gamma Ray log for depth correlation
 Current Production rates: Water, Oil & Gas
 Current well bore sketch and detailed depths of
perforations, pump, liner tops, etc.
 Recent History of production.
 Known effects of remedial work over or water flood.
 Well performances vs. Lease performance.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Annulus TRAC-III Preparation
•Pull Tubing
•Remove Anchor
•Set Pump 100’ above Perfs
•Dual Completion Flange
•Small Pumping Tee
•Slimline Stuffing Box
•Remove Bridal Guard
•Vertical Clearance Above
Annulus Opening
Dual Completion Flange
Top View
Side View
Hand Packoffs
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Dual Head
Configured
&
Pump Is Engaged
4.5” Casing & 2.375” Tubing
Note that there is not enough room to
install a valve on the annulus opening.
These flanges are specifically
designed for logging in 4.5” casing.
A dual completion flange, if there is
such, would not allow enough room
in the annulus for tool entry.
Production Logging Tidbits
There are no silver bullets in the
production logging industry.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Production Logging Tidbits
Production logging is an investigative
process.
It requires the knowledge, experience,
and authority to change the logging
procedure as needed to define anomalies
as they are encountered during the log.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Production Logging Tidbits
Avoid the intentional design of tests that
rely completely on nuclear based data
acquisition. Their maximum radius of
investigation is approximately 24 inches
from the sensor.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Production Logging Tidbits
In production logging, temperature logs are the center of
your universe.
They are always correct, although sometimes hard to
interpret by themselves.
Use data acquired from others sensors to help you interpret
the temperature logs.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
!We Want You On Location!
• Production logging is
an investigative
process
• Your knowledge of the
lease can make the
difference between a
good survey and a
great survey
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Correlation Logs
Logs used to align logging depths to
previously run open hole and cased hole
logs.
Avoid the LAST LOG SYNDROME. It
is generally acceptable for most production
logs to be within 2 to 3 feet of measured
depth. However, if you are on the 4th or
5th generation of logs, you may be
correlating 10’ to 15’ off depth. Always try
to use the original open hole logs or the
logs used to perforate the well.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Temperature Logs
Producing temperature logs tend to
reflect in wellbore and near wellbore
events.
Shut-in temperature logs indicate events
outside the wellbore.
You must know the status of the interior
of the wellbore before you can interpret
shut-in temperatures.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Capacitance
•Fluid Identification
•Calibrate between water and gas.
•Capacitance VS. Density Tool
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Tracer Velocities
Modified Velocity Profile Measurement
Production fluctuations do not affect
the calculations as severely as
stationary velocity shots.
Same velocity method is used in
flowing wells.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Tracer
Velocities
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Velocity Profile
• Pi x r2 x h = Volume of a cylinder
• Pro’s:
– High resolution of data points
– Limited by the spacing from ejector to detector
• Con’s:
– Minor plant fluctuations effect calculated rates
– I.D. changes have a drastic effect on the
calculated rates
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Calculations and Interpretations:
Volumetric Flow Rates
• Volume = PI x Dia^2 / 4 * L
• Volumetric Flow = Vol / Time
Diameter
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Caliper Log
Log Interpretation
Intensity Profile
Velocity Profile
Temperature Logs
No Flow Shot
Channel Check
Crossflow Check
http://www.cardinalsurveys.com
Merged
Log
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
TRAC-III Below Submersible Pump
Y-Tool Assembly
•Well must have 7” casing to accommodate Y-tool.
•Shut-in well & allow fluid to fall below pump
•Fish out plug
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
TRAC-III Below Submersible Pump
Y-Tool Assembly
•Install running plug on wireline
•Lower TRAC-III Tools & Running Plug to “Y”
•Lower TRAC-III Tools below pump
•Engage pump to seat running plug
•Run logs when well is stable
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Y-Tool Accessories For Logging
Running
Plug
Baby Red
Prevents
fluids from
being
circulated
by pump.
Used to
retrieve plug
from Y-tool.
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Memory PLT
•Horizontal wells are the primary application in the Permian Basin.
•No real time feedback allowing procedure modification to
maximize information.
•Most wellbore events in producers are not continuous. Your
economics must reflect the possibility of multiple runs to
accomplish some test objectives.
•Most companies that have access to memory tools do not consider
production logging a core business.
•Great weapon, for the right battle!
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
TRAC III PRODUCTION LOG
PRODUCTION
LOGGING
SCHOOL
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
Eliminate the
Guesswork!
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY
TRAC III PRODUCTION LOG
The End
CARDINAL SURVEYS COMPANY