Cisco IOS IP Service Level Agreements
Technical Overview
Internet Technologies Division
November 2004
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
1
Agenda
• Introduction
• Cisco IOS IP Service Level Agreements (SLA)
Overview
• Use Cases for Cisco IOS IP SLAs
• Cisco IOS IP SLAs for VoIP
• Cisco IOS IP SLAs for IP/MPLS
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
2
VPNs with IOS-based Managed Services
Security
Routing
With Cisco IOS Firewall &
Intrusion Prevention System
With Cisco Enhanced Interior
Gateway Routing Protocol
Management
With Cisco IP SLAs
Corporate Intranet
Local or
Direct
Dial ISP
Remote Users/ Telecommuters
Provider
Networks
SP
Converged IP/MPLS
Network
PE
MPLS to
IPsec/PE
VPNHead
B Office
Internet
PE
Cable/DSL/ISDN ISP
Business Partner
Branch Office
Remote Access
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Corporate Extranet
3
SLAs for IP/MPLS Networks
• Cisco IOS IP SLAs’ operations measure per VPN
• Allows measurements from a PE to CE routers
SP Converged IP/MPLS Network
Measure
Either CE–PE
or CE–CE
Links
Cisco
Exclusive
P Router
CRS-1
Enterprise
Site 1
Measure Either CE–
PE or CE–CE or
PE-PE Links
Enterprise
Site 2
Service Provider: Improved and flexible SLA management
Enterprises:
Access to comprehensive SLA reports
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
©
© 2003,
2004 Cisco
Cisco Systems,
Systems, Inc.
Inc. All
All rights
rights reserved.
reserved.
4
Cisco IOS IP SLAs Advantages
VPN
• SLAs are
essential to VPN
services
• Quality of
Service (QoS)based
measurements
• Revenue for
differentiated
services
• Brings IP service
customer
confidence
VoIP
• Demonstrate
how VoIP is
working
• Deploy with
confidence
• Enhanced
customer
satisfaction
• Metrics useful
for trouble
shooting & and
reducing down
time
Business
Applications
• Assure delivery
with network
performance
• Meet business
objectives with
guaranteed
service levels
• Assure network
quality of
service
• Reduce
downtime
Key Services Benefit from Cisco IOS IP SLA
I
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
II
III
5
Cisco IOS IP Service Level Agreements:
A New Direction
• Cisco solution that assures IP service levels, proactively verifies
network operation, and accurately measures network performance
Comprehensive hardware support
Committed Cisco partner support
Cisco IOS Software, the world’s leading network infrastructure software
Enterprise and Small Medium Business
Understand Network
Performance &
Ease Deployment
Access
Service Providers
Verify Service Levels
Verify Outsourced SLAs
Enterprise
Premise Edge
Enterprise Backbone
Measure and provide
SLAs
Service Provider
Aggregation Edge
Service Provider Core
Cisco IOS Software
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
6
Cisco IOS IP SLAs
Understanding IP Service Levels
• Optimize IP business applications and services
Voice over IP, Video, and VPN
• Reduce total cost of ownership
• End to end service level measurements
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
7
Cisco IOS IP SLAs Benefits
OPTIMIZED APPLICATIONS
& SERVICES
• Performance visibility
• Prove service levels
• Enhance Customer satisfaction
• Enhance acceptance of businesscritical services
REDUCED TOTAL COST OF
OWNERSHIP AND OpEx
• Reduce deployment time
• Lower mean time to restore and
downtime
• Proactive identification of issues
enforces higher reliability
Continuous
Predictable Reliable
Measurements and Metrics
Automated Intelligence
Proactive
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Cisco IOS IP SLAs Life Cycle
Baseline network
performance
Verify network readiness
for new services with
Cisco IOS IP SLA
capabilities.
2
1
Quantify results
• Reduce deployment time
• Prove service and
application differentiation
• Verify service levels
• Reduce network down
time
• Manage demand for the
network
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
Understand network
performance baseline
Confidence to deploy
new IP services
and applications
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Assure
application
and service
deployment
4
3
Fine tune and
optimize
Ongoing
measurements to
understand behavior
with proactive
notification
9
Comprehensive Hardware Support
Core
Enterprise & Aggregation/Edge
Cisco IOS Software Release 12.2S
Cisco 7200
Series
Cisco Catalyst
Cisco 10000 6500; Cisco
Series
7600 Series
Cisco 7300 Cisco 4500
Series
Series
Cisco 12000
Series
Access
Cisco IOS Software Releases 12.3T and 12.4
Cisco 800 Cisco 1700
Series
Series
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
Cisco 2600
Series
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco 7200 &
Cisco 3700 7300 Series
Series
Cisco 2900,
3550, &
3750 Series
10
Example: Multi-Protocol Measurement
and Management with Cisco IOS IP SLAs
Applications
Network
Performance
Monitoring
Availability
VoIP
Monitoring
Service Level
Agreement
(SLA)
Monitoring
Network
Assessment
Multiprotocol
Label
Switching
(MPLS)
Monitoring
Trouble
Shooting
Measurement Metrics
Round Trip
Time
Packet
Loss
Network
Jitter
Dist. of
Stats
Connectivity
Protocols
Jitter
FTP
DNS
DHCP
DLSW
ICMP
UDP
TCP
HTTP
LDP
H.323
SIP
RTP
Radius
Video
IP Server
Defined Packet Size, Spacing
COS and Protocol
IP Server
Cisco IOS
Software
Source
IP SLA
MIB Data
Destination
Active Generated Traffic
Cisco IOS
Software
Cisco IOS
Software
IP SLA
IP SLA
Responder
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
11
Cisco IOS IP SLAs Uses and Metrics
*DATA
TRAFFIC
*VoIP
REQUIREMENT
• Minimize
Delay, Packet
Loss
• Verify QoS
IP SLA MEASURMENT
•
•
•
•
Jitter
Packet loss
Latency
per QoS
• Minimize
Delay, Packet
Loss, Jitter
•
•
•
•
*SERVICE LEVEL
AGREEMENT
• Measure Delay,
Packet Loss,
Jitter
• One-way
Jitter
Packet loss
Latency
MOS Voice
Quality Score
• Jitter
• Packet loss
• Latency
• One-way
• Enhanced
accuracy
• NTP
*AVAILABILITY
Connectivity
testing
• Connectivity
tests to IP
devices
**STREAMING
VIDEO
• Minimize
Delay, Packet
Loss
• Jitter
• Packet loss
• Latency
* Currently available
**Limited availability in 9/04; complete in CY’05
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
12
Cisco IOS IP SLAs
Leading Performance Measurements
• Cisco IOS IP SLA has been the most popular way to measure
performance statistics (ie: latency, jitter, packet loss, and
MOS) because:
Simplicity of solution, as compared to other technical solutions
High level of confidence
The packets are controlled
Cost scalable
Dedicated probes are not required
Cisco IOS IP SLA responder increases measurement accuracy
Not possible with ping or other dedicated probe testing
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
13
UDP Jitter Operation Example
= IP SLA UDP Jitter test packet – Operation 1 destination IP 10.0.0.1
= IP SLA UDP Jitter test packet – Operation 2 destination IP 20.0.0.1
Interval
Frequency
Number of
Packets
Time
UDP Jitter default settings:
• Frequency = 1 minute
• Interval = 20 milliseconds
• Number of Packets = 10
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
14
Cisco IOS IP SLAs
Source and Responder
• Source Router
Cisco IOS Software router that sends data from operation
Cisco IOS Software may or may not be the target
Some operations require the target to run the IP SLA responder
Stores results in MIB
Configuration for each operation (destination) device
• Responder
Responds to IP SLA packets at destination
User defined UDP/TCP ports
IP SLA Control Protocol
MD 5 Authentication
Accurate measurements
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
15
UDP Jitter Operation
Packet Stream
Send train of packets with
constant Interval
Receive train of packets at
Interval impacted by Network
IP Core
Responder
IP SLA
Per-direction inter-packet delay (Jitter)
Add a receive time stamp,
and calculate delta, the
processing time.
Per-direction packet loss
Average Round Trip Delay
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
16
Responder
Source Router
Target Router
Responder
T2
T1
T3
T4
D = T3 - T2
The Responder takes 2 Timestamps (T2 & T3)
• Responder factors out destination processing time making results
highly accurate
• Responder allows for one-way measurements for latency, jitter, packet
loss, and MOS
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
17
Cisco IOS IP SLAs Reaction Conditions
• Reaction Trigger to Events
Can send SNMP traps for certain “triggering” events:
Connection Loss and Timeout
Round Trip Time Threshold
Average Jitter Threshold
Unidirectional packet loss, latency, jitter, MOS Scores
Trigger
• Immediate
• Consecutive
• X of Y times
• Average Exceeded
Can trigger another IP SLA operation for further analysis
Threshold
Violation
Alert
No Alert
Threshold
Violation
Alert
100 ms
50 ms
Threshold
violation
Time
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Resolution
Cisco Internal Use Only
18
Availability
12.0(5)T
12.0(8)S
12.1E
12.1(1)T
12.2
12.2(2)T
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
UDP Jitter One Way
Latency
X
FTP Get
X
Feature/Release
11.2
12.0(3)T
ICMP Echo
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
ICMP Echo Path
SSCP(SNA)
UDP Echo
TCP Connect
UDP Jitter
HTTP
DNS
DHCP
DLSw+
SNMP Support
MPLS/VPN Aware
Frame-Relay (CLI)
ICMP Path Jitter
APM
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
12.2(11)T
(Infra2)
12.2(14)S
12.2(25)S
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
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Cisco IOS IP SLAs Partners
Cisco Network Management Solution
Cisco IP Solution Center
MPLS VPN and SLA Monitoring
Internetworking Performance Monitor
Enterprise performance measurements
THIRD PARTY PRODUCTS
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
20
CISCO IOS IP SLAs USE CASES
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
21
SLA Verification and Management
• Customer obtains from Service Provider:
Availability
QoS
Jitter SLAs
• Service Provider needs visibility in the Customer Edge, in order to
commit to SLAs
• Enterprise will verify SP SLAs by using access router edge to edge
measurements
Enterprise may provide restricted Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) (RTT, Latency, QoS) visibility into Access router for Service
Provider
Service Provider with restricted access can report SLA as a service back
to the enterprise
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
22
Network Monitoring
• Cisco IOS IP SLA answers the following question:
What is the jitter, latency, or packet loss between any two points
in the network?
• IP Services can be simulated by specifying various packet
sizes, ports, class of service, packet spacing, and
measurement frequencies
• Uni-directional and highly accurate measurements
• Measurements per class of service to validate service
differentiation for data, voice, and video
• Cisco IOS IP SLA will identify an edge to edge network
performance baseline and allow the user to understand trends
and anomalies from the baseline
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
23
IP Network Readiness
• Network assessment tool built into Cisco IOS
Software
• Simulate IP Services and verify how well they will
work in the network
• How well is QoS working in the network predeployment
• Post deployment continued verification of network
performance per IP service
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
24
Availability Monitoring
• Cisco IOS IP SLA uses proactive monitoring for periodic,
reliable, and continuous availability measurements
• Connectivity measurements from Cisco router to router or
Cisco router to server
• Threshold notifications when end point is not available
What is the availability of a Network File System (NFS) server
used to store business critical data from a remote site ?
Cisco IOS IP SLA UDP active measurement to specific server
ports is used to test remote site to server connectivity
If server is unavailable, then traps can notify the network
management system
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
25
Troubleshooting with Cisco IOS IP SLAs
• Proactive notification of problems and issues
based on threshold alerts
• Testing edge to edge consistently and reliability will
save time in finding and pin pointing network
performance problem areas
• Secondary activation of path operation (ie: path
jitter) or activation of operations at a higher
frequency to isolate and verify problem areas in the
network
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
26
CISCO IOS IP SLAs FOR VoIP
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
27
IP SLAs for Voice over IP
• VoIP may be difficult to deploy when the network
behavior is not well understood
Cisco IOS IP SLAs will verify network readiness and QoS
Measure critical performance for VoIP deployment
Real time warning of network performance degradation
IP SLA is universally available across Cisco IOS Software
routers
Standard jitter,
Packet loss,
latency
measurements
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
Voice quality
score
measurements
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Call setup
measurements
Hardware-based
VoIP
measurements
28
Cisco IOS IP SLAs for VoIP
• Voice quality measurements between any two network points on
any path
• Continuous, reliable, predictable performance monitoring
• Cisco IOS IP SLAs thresholds and hop-by-hop details isolate
problems
IP SLA Network to Server Measurements
IP SLA WAN Measurements
A
A
PSTN
IP
WAN
Branch
Headquarters
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
IP SLA End to End Measurements
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Internal Use Only
29
Cisco IOS IP SLAs for VoIP Features
• November 2003 (Release 12.3(4)T)
VoIP Codec Simulations using Cisco IOS IP SLA active monitoring
Voice Quality Scoring
• March 2003 (Release 12.3(7)T)
New Threshold traps, one-way packet loss, jitter, latency and MOS
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
30
CISCO IOS IP SLAs FOR IP/MPLS
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
31
Cisco IOS IP SLAs Example
United States, Service Provider
IP CLASS OF
SERVICE
ONE-WAY
DELAY
THROUGHPUT
JITTER
QoS
BANDWIDTH
PER AAPP
Priority Voice
Traffic
< 80 ms
Packet loss
< 5% less
< 35 ms
Max 75%
Real-Time Traffic
– Video
< 80 ms
Packet loss
< 3%
60%
Priority Data
Traffic
< 100 ms
Packet loss
< 2%
30%
Best Effort
Traffic
No target
No target
No target
10%
• Jitter: telephony and multi-media conferencing
• Packet Loss: telephony, multi-media conferencing, streaming media,
low latency data
• Delay: telephony, multi-media conferencing, streaming media
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
32
VPN SLAs and Performance Measurement
• Cisco IOS a leader in
IP/MPLS
• How to measure an SLA
within a specific VPN?
Cisco IOS IP SLA operations
are vrf-aware and measure
an SLA per VPN
Allows measurements from
a PE or multi-vrf CE router
Releases 12.2(2)T, 12.2(20)S,
and 12.0(26)S
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
10.10.10.1
10.11.10.1
(PE)
10.12.10.1
CEs with
VRFs Red,
Blue and
Yellow.
33
References
• Cisco IOS IP SLAs
www.cisco.com/go/ipsla
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
34
Cisco IOS IP SLA,
Technical, 9/04
© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
35