Women in
Indiana
History:
Searching for
unique resources
to document
their role.
Women in Indiana History:
Searching for
unique resources to document their role.
What are the standard
sources of Indiana History?
Biographical sources?
How are women presented in
Indiana history?
Unique sources to explore.
Women in Indiana – How are women described
in basic Indiana History Resources
• Buley, The Old Northwest: Pioneer
Period, volume 1. Indianapolis, IN:
1950. Page 309.
•
“All too many women lost their bloom with
their teens, were tired out and run down by
thirty, and old at forty. Tombstones in the
churchyards bear testimony that many a wife
died young, to be followed by a second who
contributed her quota and labors, and perhaps
a third who stood a good chance to outlive the
husband.”
Women in Indiana – How are women
described in basic Indiana History Resources
“When writing this chapter, the author frequently asked
himself what were the principal roles that woman and
girls had in the pioneer economy and in pioneer life
versus the roles that men and boys had. As this chapter
has indicated, the pioneers, regardless of sex had almost
endless work to do, and a considerable variety of tasks
were required of them. Only a cursory view is required
to make it apparent that there were many tasks done
largely and even entirely by woman and girls, and many
other tasks done largely or entirely by men and boys…..
“The division of labor between the sexes suggests that
pioneer men were the “providers” for and women the
“keepers” of the household. …. Men might become
farmers, tradesmen, merchants, teachers, ministers,
lawyers, or doctors, however these and other occupations
with few exceptions were closed to women.”
Carmony, Donald F. Indiana 1816-1850: The Pioneer Era, The History of Indiana Volume II. Indianapolis, IN:
Indiana Historical Society. 1998. page 77.
Women in Indiana – How are
women described in basic
Indiana History Resources
Index:
Woman Suffrage, 259-261, 284.
Woman’s Rights Association, 35-36, 259.
Woman’s rights movement, 34-37, 258261, 699.
Woman, service in Civil War as nurses, 172-173;
employed in industry, 440; union for working, 445;
academies for, 487-488, 525n; in teaching profession,
501-502; admitted in colleges and universities, 521-522,
528; separate prison for, 591-592, 592-594n; periodicals
for, 690.
Thornbrough, Emma Lou. Indiana in the Civil War Era, 1850-1880: The History of Indiana Volume III.
Indianapolis, IN: Indiana Historical Society. 1965.
Women in Indiana – How are
women described in basic
Indiana History Resources
Index: Woman Suffrage, 18, 35, 126, 127, 494, 498-502.
Women, on the farm, 145, 148n,; in industry, 327-331; labor
union for working, 344; in teaching profession, 404; private
schools for, 409-411, 425-426; admitted in colleges and
university, 426; in nursing profession, 476-478; separate
prison for 488; in temperance movement, 494, 495;
organizations of, 500, 501, 505; periodicals of interest to,
501; aid war effort, 597-598.
Phillips, Clifton J. Indiana in Transition: The Emergence of An Industrial Commonwealth, 1880-1920. The
History of Indiana Volume IV. Indianapolis, In: Indiana Historical Society. 1968.
Women in Indiana – How are
women described in basic
Indiana History Resources
Index: Women, nomination of, and
election to General Assembly, 36-37;
employed by SPA, 127; in the labor
force, 246, 247; unionization of, 254; on college and university
campuses, 290, number employed in war production, 389, 406407; treatment as second-class employees, 390; working
mothers, 390-391; lasting effects of World War II on, 406-407.
Women’s clubs, 346-347.
Women’s suffrage, 36-38
Madison, James H. Indiana through Tradition and Change: A History of the Hoosier State
and Its People, 1920-1945. The History of Indiana Volume V. Indianapolis, In: Indiana Historical Society. 1982.
Articles on Women in Indiana History
• Searching America History and
Life by subject – Indiana and
women, finds several specialized
studies. [Note—covers only back
to the 1980’s]
• Most published in Indiana
Magazine of History and/or Traces
but a variety of other journals have
included articles on women in
Indiana.
• Searching other indexes (PCI,
Readers Guide, identifies a few
other articles especially in nonhistory fields.)
Articles on Women in Indiana History
Examples:
Gabin, Nancy. “FALLOW YET FERTILE:
THE FIELD OF INDIANA WOMEN'S
HISTORY.” Indiana Magazine of
History 2000 96(3): 212-249.
Seigel, Peggy Brase. “SHE WENT TO
WAR: INDIANA WOMEN NURSES IN
THE CIVIL WAR.” Indiana Magazine of
History 1990 86(1): 1-27.
Ashendel, Anita. "WOMAN AS FORCE" IN
INDIANA HISTORY. Traces of Indiana
and Midwestern History 2000 12(1): 4-15.
Articles cont’d
Scholten, Pat Creech. “A PUBLIC
"JOLLIFICATION": THE 1859 WOMEN'S
RIGHTS PETITION BEFORE THE INDIANA
LEGISLATURE.” Indiana Magazine of History
1976 72(4): 347-359.
Stetson, Erlene. “BLACK FEMINISM IN
INDIANA, 1893-1933.” Phylon 1983 46(4):
292-298.
Bailey, Joanne Passet. "THE RULE RATHER
THAN THE EXCEPTION": MIDWEST
WOMEN AS ACADEMIC LIBRARIANS,
1875-1900. Journal of Library History 1986
21(4): 673-692.
Books specifically about
women in Indiana’s History…..
a few examples:
Arnold, Eleanor, ed. Living Rich Lives:
Memories of Hoosier Homemakers. Indianapolis:
Indiana Extension Homemakers Assoc., 1990.
Hine, Darlene Clark. When the Truth Is Told:
A History of Black Women's Culture and Community in Indiana, 1875-1950.
Indianapolis: Natl. Council of Negro Women, 1981. 90 pp.
Springer, Barbara Anne. "Ladylike Reformers: Indiana Women and Progressive
Reform.“ DAI 1986 46(12): 3845-A. DA8602417 Indiana U. 1985. 300 pp.
Szopa, Anne. "Images of Women in Muncie Newspapers: 1895-1915.“ DAI 1987
47(10): 3857-A. DA8703643
Miller, Kathy Kay. "Rural Women's Work and Role in Community Building and
Institution Building in Indiana from 1900-1980."DAI 1998 58(12): 4826-A.
DA9819002 Purdue U. 1997. 209 pp.
The Education of Women
in Indiana
“Women during this period were
admitted to full privileges in the
State University (1867). The
percentage of women among
teachers in the common schools
was greatly increased also. All of
which were but parts of the same
social and culture movements
which put women into the
seminaries, and attracted from
other states, as well as the
institutions of our own, scholarly,
refined, womanly women…..”
Boone, Richard G. A History of Education in Indiana. New York: D. Appleton and Company. 1892. P. 231.
Indiana Women Writers
•“women” not in index so there is no separate identification.
• Going through the index, looking for “female” names gives
the following:
Adams, Maude
Fletcher, Louisa
McGaughty, Helen
Alexander, Grace C.
Hack, Elizabeth Miller
Madeleva, Sister Mary
Bacon, Mrs. Mary Schell,
Handing, Berrita
Marbourg, Dolores
Beecher, Mrs. Henry Ward
Hayden, Mrs. Sarah
Marshall
Marlowe, Julia
Bolton, Sarah T.
Booth, Beebe
Mostwick, Mary E.
Boyd, Louise Vickroy
Bruner, Margret E.
Hayes, Helen
Hibbard, Mrs. J.R.
Hill, Mrs. Rebecca
Wright
Cary, Alice
Jackson, Margaret
Weymouth
Cary, Phoebe
Janis, Elsie
Catherwood, Mary Hartwell
Johnston, Annie Fellows
Chitwood, Mary Louisa
Jordan, Dulcina Mason
Collins, Mrs. Angelina Maria
Lor
Knight, Caroline Brown
Dobson, Ruth Lininger
Drake, Mrs. Alexander
Krout, Caroline Virginia
Krout, Mary Hannah
Lard, Rebecca
Nicholas, Anna
Nolan, Jeannette Covert
Wallace, Susan Elston
Ploughe, Mary W.
West, Jessamyn
Porter, Gene Stratton
White, Esther Griffin
Rabb, Kate Milner
Wilson, Elizabeth
Conwell
Rose, Henrietta (Mrs.
Hamilton)
Wright, Frances
Sister Mary Genevieve
Wynne, Faith
Sister Mary Madeleva
Young, Marguerite
Snedeker, Caroline Dale
Stein, Evaleen
Strauss, Juliet V.
Tayler, Eletha M.
Shumaker, Arthur W. A History of Indiana
Literature: with emphasis on the
authors of imaginative works who
commenced writing prior to World
War II. Indianapolis, IN: Indiana
Historical Society. 1962.
Indiana Women
Writers
Biography written by
Judith Reick Long.
Indiana Women’s Clubs
Chronology and types of clubs
* Female Bible Society 1839
* Edgeworthalean Society 1841
* Clionian Society 1858
* The Minerva 1859
* Birth of the General Federation of
Women’s Clubs 1889
* Woman’s Club of Greencastle 1841
* Indianapolis Woman’s Club 1875
Courtney, Grace Gates. History Indiana Federation of Clubs. Fort Wayne, IN: Fort Wayne Printing Company. 1939.
Harper, Ida A. The Associated Work of the Women of Indiana. Indiana World’s Fair Monographs. Indinaapolis, IN:
Burford Printer and Binder. 1893.
Indiana Public Welfare
Mrs. Jacob P. Dunn, Member Board of Trustees, Indianapolis. “The
Woman’s Prison.” in Conference on Delinquency called by Governor
Warren T. McCray, Indianapolis, at the State House, January 12, 1922.
“We do not have the same class of women that we had even
ten years ago. ….The women who come to us are not of as
high a class, mentally, morally or physically and so it is
necessary of course that a great deal of educational work
be done
….Every woman who comes out is trained as a home
maker first.”
Other Public Welfare articles by women
• Mrs. Edna H. Jatho, Psychologist, Indiana Committee on Mental
Defectives, Indianapolis. “The Defective Delinquent.”
• Miss Blanche Merry, State Attendance Officer, Indianapolis.
“School Attendance.”
• Mrs. Carina C. Warrington, State Probation Officer, Fort Wayne. “The
Juvenile Court.”
• Rachel L. Hill. Board of State Charities, Indianapolis. “Children’s
Homes: Standards of Management.”
The Development of Public
Charities and Correction in the
State of Indiana, 1790-1915.
Indiana Agriculture Reports
• Published between 1860s and 1908.
• Included reprints of papers given at
Farmers’ Institutes, Horticultural Society,
and other “farm” groups.
• Surprised by number of articles by women.
• Surprised by number of articles about
women’s roles.
Indiana Agriculture Reports.
•
Examples: 1886 Hufford, Mrs. L. G. (Indianapolis)
“The Place of Women among the World’s Workers.”
1888 Harper, Mrs. Ida A. (Terre Haute). “Woman’s Work.”
1898-99 Brown, Mrs. R. M. “The Farmer’s Library.”
Lindley, Mrs. Harriet J. “Give the Wife a Chance.”
1899-1900 Gunkle, Mrs. S. J. (Mulberry) “Our Daughters—What shall we teach them?”
Murray, Miss Nelle (Connersville) “What a women can do on a farm.”
1900-1901 M’Dermott, Mrs. J. J. (Franklin) “How Shall Woman Accomplish the Most Good.”
1901-1902 Harding, Mrs. Belle (Corunna) “The Wife’s Share.”
1902-1903 Johnson, Mrs. Sylvester. “Women in Floriculture and Horticulture.”
1903-1904 Nillis, Mrs. Maggie (West Fork). “The Woman on the Farm.”
1904-1905 Stevens, Mrs. W. W. “Experiences and Observations at the World’s Fair.”
1905-1906 Jenkins, Miss Ruby (Orleans). “The Country Girl Versus the City Girl.”
1906-1907 Smith, Emily Hayward (Hobart). “Woman’s Place on the Farm.”
•List at http://www.indiana.edu/~libgpd/louhome/womenINagriculture.doc
A couple of concrete examples:
1884
Davidson, Miss LuLu A. (Montgomery County). “A
Farmer’s Recreations and Amusements.”
“Next we come to the library…it is full of state agricultural
reports and religious debates….Begin at the bottom, put in
histories first for the children and progressively up the
concise standard works for adults, interspersed with good
biographies and books of travel. The next shelf is for
poetry and fiction, and we place caution at your elbow to
make you put in only the best….”
Another example—
close to my heart:
1883 Adkinson, Florence M.
“The Industrial Progress of Woman.”
“The census of 1880 tells a wonderful story of woman’s
industrial progress in the United States….Impelled by
necessity, or by failure on the part of the so-called “natural
protectors,” or by the growing demands of living and luxury,
or by a desire to use strength and ability more widely,
women have entered 219 of the 265 occupations enumerated
by the census for 1880.”
Status of Women 1800’s
Before 1850:
Basically Common Law
Married versus Single
After 1850:
Acquire property
Married women would
not lose or forfeit legal rights
Inheritance
David, Victoria. The Legal Status of Women in Indiana, 1816-1860. Senior Honors Thesis, Indiana University.
August 1974.
Census
information on
women in Indiana
-- 1880
“The first attempt at obtaining
accurate statistics regarding
women’s occupations in the
state of Indiana was made in
1881.”
Women in Indiana -- 2000
Indiana does not rank well in national ranking (51 including
District of Columbia) on a number of indicators:
* 24th in health and well-being
* 24th in political participation
* 36th in economic autonomy
* 43rd for reproductive rights
* 44th for employment and earnings.
Census 2000 shows that Women in Indiana make up 51 % of
the current population.
The Status of Women in Indiana: politics, economics, health, demographics. Institute
for Women’s Policy Research. [Bloomington, IN: The Institute]. 2000.
American Factfinder.
http://www.census.gov Accessed March 27, 2002.
Historical Census Browser. University of Virginia. http://
Accessed March, 2002/
Women in Indiana Politics:
* First Ladies of
Indiana and the
Governors
* Biographical Directory of
the Indiana General Assembly
Women Elected Officials of
Indiana 1980.
Women in the Indiana General Assembly 1978-2001
http://www.statelib.lib.in.us/WWW/INDIANA/women.html
http://www.state.in.us/judiciary/capitol/pictures.html
Achor, Helen E. Martin (1969)
Allstatt, Angeline Patterson (1973-74)
Atkins, Katharine Lewis Watson (1945)
Women in the Indiana General
Assembly
Gardner, Ella Van Sickle (1927)
Garrett (Mary Ann Cornelison (1949)
Balz, Arcada Campbell Stark (1943)
Gaylord, Ella Frances Henderson (1967)
Barning, Elsie Christene Seiler (1949)
Gubbins, Joan Margaret Burton (1969)
Blankenbaker, Virginia Mabel (1981-)
Haines, Tella Chloe (1931)
Brown, Alice Mathias Sabo (1955)
Hall, Katie Beatrice Greene (1975)
Budak, Mary Kay McMahon (1981)
Hawthorne, Marcia Moorman (1961)
Burnett, Martha Louise Yeager (1957)
Hibner, Janet Louise Nelson (1977)
Caesar, Victoria (1965)
Kirk, Naomi Joy (1955)
Carson, Julia M. Porter (1973)
Klinker, Sheila Ann Johnston (1983)
Roach, Grace Elizabeth Brewington
(1949)
Conn, Harriette Vesta Bailey (1967)
Lauck, Marie Theresa (1959)
Schultz, Marilyn Frances (1973)
Coons, Clara Leona Van Cleave (1941)
Lloyd, Daisy Riley (1965)
Seyfield, Maryann Crossen (1975)
Crimmins, Janiece Lucille (1971)
Logan, Cecilia M. (1965)
Smelser, Anna May Padberg (1953)
Currie, Lucille A. Smith (1959)
Lowe, Mabel Leota Hoar Smith (1943
Stout, Harriet Cracraft (1955)
Daugherty, Elizabeth Hunt (1925)
Lynch, Irma Stone (1945)
Dorbecker, Doris Lorene Phipps 1969)
Malinka, Bernadine (Betty) (1943)
VanArsdale, Catherine Eva
Stackhouse (1975)
Downing, Elizabeth Williams (1943)
Maloney, Anna (1961)
Wilson, Esther Marie Rulza (1977)
Engle, Barbara Louise (1983)
May, Emma Mary (1945)
Wilson, Ida Roth (1943)
Ferguson, Lettie McCave (1929)
Miller, Patricia Louise Miller (1983)
Fifield (Esther Lillian Harper (1979)
Misener, Mary Zeola Hershey (1929)
Wooffendale, Mattie Lucille
McEwen (1973)
Fruits, Katherine O'Connell (1965)
Mosby, Carolyn Allan Brown J. (1979)
Worman, Marna Jo Newhouser
(1977)
Gardner, Dorothy Haberstroh (1947)
Nelson, Julia D. Reynolds (1921)
Wyatt, Margaret Lambert (1945)
Nicolson, Roberta West (1935)
Zimmerman, Bertha A. Goad (1929)
Noble, Jane Ann (1949)
Norris, Fern Elizabeth Duenk (1951)
Parent, Lillian May Cox (1977)
Petterson, Mary Jean Miller (1979)
Pond, Phyllis Joan Ruble (1979)
Rainey, Elizabeth (1923)
Women from
Indiana
in Congress.
Virginia Ellis Jenckes 73rd-75th
Cecil Murray Harden 81st-85th
Katie Beatrice Hall 97th-98th
Jill Long 101-103rd
Julia Carson 105th -
Web Sources
Women's History: Significant Indiana Women
http://www.ulib.iupui.edu/whistory/significant.html
Indiana History--Women
http://www.ipfw.edu/ipfwhist/indiana/women.htm
Indiana Women's History
http://www.statelib.lib.in.us/www/ihb/wopeoplein.html
INDIANA'S TRAILBLAZING WOMEN: 2001 Engagement
Calendar by Judy H. Singleton. 2000, 2001
http://www.trailblazingwomen.com/
Biographical Sources for Women in Indiana
• Biography Resource Center (allows searching by place of
birth and time period)
• Biographical and Genealogical
MasterFile
• Indiana Women (1941)
• First Ladies of Indiana and
the Governors
(Post—1984)
• Madison, Clifton, Carmony...
Since there is no one source that pulls
together biographical information about
important women in Indiana,
shouldn’t we construct a
Biographical List of Women in Indiana?
List of women included in various
sources…..including:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Shumaker
Phillips
Post
Biographical Resource Center
Biographical and Genealogical Master Index
Biographical Directory of the Indiana General
Assembly
What it doesn’t include:
•
•
•
•
Madison
Thornbourgh
Indiana Scientists
Courtney
THE QUIZ!
The
End
http://www.indiana.edu/~libgpd/louhome/womeninindiana.ppt