Forms of Composition
• Expository
• Narrative
• Descriptive
• Persuasive
Persuasive
• Tells writer’s
feelings
• Lists reasons
• Asks readers
to agree with
the writer
Also,
One reason,
Reason 1
Reason 2
•detail
•detail
•detail
•detail
•detail
In addition,
Reason
•detail
3
•detail
Schools should be year
round.
Tell me more.
•detail
Take your stand.
In summary,,
Wrap-up
•detail
The center box states your position.
Three boxes tell reasons why.
The last box is the wrap-up.
First Paragraph
• Topic Sentence
Center of 4
Square
• Wrap-Up Sentence
Without
Transition Word
• Personal /Feeling
Sentence (Hook)
Improving the Final Paragraph
• Wrap-up Sentence
with a Transition
• Personal/Feeling
Sentence, Question
or
Exclamation(closing
with a punch!)
Also,
One reason,
•Research
•Summer
camps
Summer
Lag
•Review
In addition,
•Remediation
Bonus
•Travel off
for
season
Tell me more.
Teachers
Schools should be year
round.
Take your stand.
Cost
•Save
money Effectivenes
•Less
s
vandalism
•Relieve
overcrowd
•Work
intersessions
In summary,,
Wrap-up
The center box states your position.
Three boxes tell reasons why.
The last box is the wrap-up.
Moving to 5 Paragraphs
Have you ever considered the many advantages to going to
school year round? Reduction of summer slump, more pay for teachers,
and cost effective options are but a few reasons to advocate alternative
school schedules. Just when you have just about had it with correcting
mounds of papers, you think about the three-week break that looms ahead
like a green oasis in the desert. Relief is in sight!
One reason that year round schools are often preferred is that
two to three months’ gains in reading can be lost due to summer lag in the
early grades. Current research shows that students who do not read over
the summer start school behind in the fall. Summer camps can help;
however, children most at risk often do not attend. Seventy percent of our
elementary school participants in 2005 maintained or improved reading
scores by attending summer reading camps. Teachers often must waste
valuable time reviewing in the fall instead of covering new material.
Also, teachers have the option of taking advantage of several
additional benefits. Educators have the opportunity to work intersession
and to make higher pay. In fact, a district in Houston extends teacher
contracts enabling teachers to have an additional thirty-six days pay each
year. Educators would also be able to travel during off peak times and
First Paragraph
One reason that year round schools
are often preferred is that two to three
months’ gains in reading can be lost
due to summer lag in the early grades.
Current research shows that students
who do not read over the summer start
school behind in the fall. Summer
camps can help; however, children
most at risk often do not attend.
Seventy percent of our elementary
school participants in 2005 maintained
or improved reading scores by
attending summer reading camps.
Teachers often must waste valuable
time reviewing in the fall instead of
covering new material.
and save money during vacation times. With the emphasis on
academic performance and test scores, children are afforded quality
remediation opportunities during intercessions.
In addition, many stakeholders feel that year round schools are
more cost effective. Several studies have indicated that there is a
potential for districts to save money on day-to-day operating costs
such as utilities and maintenance. According to the NEA Research
Division, most studies indicate a savings of about 8% if schools are
operating at maximum capacity. If schools are open, the likelihood
for vandalism is reduced. Opportunities for staggered enrollment
may pose an option for problems of overcrowding.
In summary, among the many benefits of year round schools
are higher academic achievement due to a reduction in “summer
lag,” extra “perks” for teachers and staff, and the possibility of
financial gains in cost effectiveness for districts. This, however,
remains a highly contested topic and needs further study. It appears
that negotiation rather than mandate is more desirable. It seems that
little change comes about without controversy!
Improving the Essay
• Time to add vivid
language
(vocabulary)
• Adjectives, adverbs,
prepositional phrases
• Similes, metaphors,
onomatopoeia
• Use the 5 senses
• Choose words
selectively
Elaboration
Explanation
Examples
Experience
Remember to pick only one detail from
each of the three boxes to Elaborate.
Writing in the Content Areas
• Group info together as a Study Guide for
easier recall.
• 4 Square is a Graphic Organizer
• Break students into groups to cover longer
sections of text.
• Cover the essentials without having to
worry about the “readability” of the text.
Formula for Word Problems
Process
Information
Question
Compute
Answer
Science and Social Studies
Folding
Faults
San Andreas,Ca.
Crumpled rock
Earth contracts
How are mountains
Appalachians
formed?
Volcanoes
Magma
Lava
Cascade Mts.(Or.Wa)
Plates shift= fault
lines
Earthquakes
As you can see,
mountains on our
planet can be formed
by faults, folding of
the earth’s crust, or
volcanic action.
Covering that Social Studies Text
Scientist
Moldboard Plow
Architect
Monticello
Astronomer-telescope
University of Virginia
Studied botany-plants
from Lewis & Clark
Virginia State Capital
Thomas Jefferson was a
Diplomat
Renaissance man of many
talents.
Declaration of Indep.
Minister to France
3rd Pres.
As you can see,
Thomas Jefferson
was much more than
a past president of
the US. He was also
a scientist, architect,
and diplomat.