Wheelock Chapter I
1st and 2nd Conjugation Verbs
Verbs
Five characteristics:
1. Person
2. Number
3. Tense
4. Mood
5. Voice
To conjugate is to list a verb's forms.
Personal Endings
Singular
Plural
1st person
-o, -m
-mus
2nd person
-s
-tis
3rd person
-t
-nt
How to Conjugate/Translate
Most Latin verbs have four principal parts:
laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum = to praise
moneō, monēre, monuī, monitum = to warn
Present Tense
1. Place the first principle part in the 1st person
singular position
2. Go to the infinitive to form the stem
3. Attach personal endings to the stem
How to Conjugate/Translate
Most Latin verbs have four principal parts:
laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum = to praise
moneō, monēre, monuī, monitum = to warn
Translating present
o
o
o
Simple present: I praise
Present Progressive: I am praising
Emphatic: I do praise
How to Conjugate/Translate
Singular
Plural
1st
laudō
I praise
I am praising
I do praise
2nd
laudās
You praise
laudātis
You all
praise
3rd
laudat
He/she/it
praises
laudant
They praise
laudāmus
We praise
Translate
1. Laudās.
2. Laudāmus.
3. Laudātis.
4. Laudat.
5. Laudant.
6. Laudō.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Monēs.
Monētis.
Monent.
Monēmus.
Monēre
Moneō.
Monet.
Present Active Imperative
Imperative: A command
Always 2nd person.
Singular
•
•
o
Just the stem: Laudā! Praise!
Plural
o
Stem + te = Laudāte!
(you all) Praise!
How to find words in the dictionary
1. Make sure you are in the Latin section.
2. Work backward to find the first person
singular (verbs are listed by their first
principal part)
I.e., vocāmus has the stem vocā, which means
its first principal part must be vocō.
Therefore, look up vocō.
Spoken Latin
• Quid agis?
• Ago ________.
o
o
o
o
o
Optime
Bene
Satis bene
Male
Pessime
How to translate sentences
In English, we have a subject-verb-object order.
The dog bit David.
In Latin, the words can go in any order.
The dog David bit.
David the dog bit.
David bit the dog.
HOWEVER, Latin tends to use subject-object-verb.
How to translate sentences
That means you should follow these steps:
1. Find the subject of the sentence (usually near
the beginning)
2. Find the verb (usually at the end) and CHECK
YOUR ENDING TO SEE WHO IS DOING IT!
3. If your verb takes an object, find it.
Labor mē vocat.
• Labor me terret.
• Puellae me vident. (puella = girl)
Practice
1. Monē mē, sī errō.
2. Mē laudās; mē culpant. (culpō, culpāre = to blame)
3. Saepe peccāmus. (pecco, peccare = to sin)
4. Quid cogitāre debēmus?
5. Mē nōn amat.
6. Nihil mē terret.
7. Apollo mē saepe servat.
8. Salvēte! Quid vidētis? Nihil vidēmus.
9. Bis dās, sī cito dās. (bis = twice, cito = quickly)
10.Sī valēs, valeō.
Translate
 Cōnservāte mē!
 Saepe nihil cogitās.
 Rumor volat. (volō, volāre = to fly)
 What does he see?
 They are giving nothing.
 If you love me, save me!
Singular
First
Second
Third
Plural
Chapter I Vocabulary
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
vocō, vocāre
servō, servāre
dō, dāre
quid
5.
6.
7.
8.
B
videō, vidēre
errō, errāre
saepe
moneō, monēre
9. Provide an English derivative from Column A.
10. Provide an English derivative from Column B.
Chapter I Quiz
1. Conjugate and translate terreō, terrēre, terruī,
territum in the present tense. (to frighten)
2. Conjugate cogitō, cogitāre, cogitavī, cogitātum.
(You needn’t translate)
3. Provide the singular and plural imperatives for
the verb dō, dāre.
4. Give an example of an infinitive in English.
5. Saepe laudamus.
6. Mē nōn amat.
7. Quid cogitāre debēmus?
8. Sī valēs, valeō.
Bonus (Answer in complete sentences)
1. What does e pluribus unum mean?
1. Quid nomen est tibi?
1. Quid agis?