Preparing Students for the
21st Century
February 27, 2009
Dr. Willard R. Daggett
International Center for Leadership in Education
Application Model
1.
2.
3.
4.
Knowledge in one discipline
Application within discipline
Application across disciplines
Application to real-world
predictable situations
5. Application to real-world
unpredictable situations
Challenges
• Globalization
Wal Mart
• Largest Corporation
• 8 times Size of Microsoft
• 2 % of GDP
• 1.4 Million Employees
• More Employees than:
• GM, Ford, G.E. and IBM Combined
Source: The Post-American World
“China today exports in a
single day more than exported
in all of 1978.”
Source: The Rise of India and China . . .
Savings Rate
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
India -- 25%
Japan -- 28%
Korea -- 30%
China -- 50%
United States -- (-4%)
U.S. – 2nd Half of 20th Century
• Only Superpower
• Highest per Capita Income
• 1st in Economic Growth
• 5% of Population > 24% of
Consumption
Source: National Academy of Science
Challenges
• Globalization
• Technology
Information Technology
•
Processing
•
Communications
1983 – A Nation at Risk
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
E-mail
Web pages
Google
iPODs
Laptops
Digital cameras
Doppler radar
Cell phones
2000
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Blogs
Wikis
Tagging
Text messaging
MySpace
Podcasts
PDAs
Content Creation & Social Media
•
•
•
•
•
•
Facebook
MySpace
Flickr
YouTube
Blogs
Personal Web Pages
SPOT
• Microsoft
– Citizen
– Fossil
– Suunco
SPOT
• Integrated Projection
• Projection Keyboard
Projection Keyboard
Projection Keyboard and Projector
Language Translation
Translation Goggles
Emotiv
• 16 embedded sensors
• Detect facial expressions and
emotions
• Push, pull, lift, and drop
http://emotiv.com/INDS_3/inds_3.html
Bio Technology
•
Biological Science
•
Practical Application
Nano Technology
•
Atom Up
2000
Info Tech
Nano Tech
Bio Tech
2009
Info Tech
Nano Tech
Bio Tech
2012
Info Tech
Nano Tech
Bio Tech
Chinese Science
Elementary Schools
6 Years Integrated
Science
Biology / Chemistry
Grade 7
Biology / Physics
Grade 8
Physics / Chemistry
Grade 9
Integrated Science
Grades 10 - 12
Source: Ed Week 6/6/07
Challenges
• Technology
• Globalization
• Demographics
Start Working
End Working
Longevity
77
62
107
62
47
21
14
18
1900
2000
2100
Retirement
55 is not an economically
sustainable policy
Demographics / Economic
• 1910
3.0 / 100
• 1946
4.6 / 100
• 2010
1.4 / 100
Population of the US (in millions)
2000
4
2050
2
8%
13 %
5
White
Black
13 %
68 %
Hispanic
Asian
24 %
Other
14 %
49 %
Medicare
• 2004
• 2020
• 2040
9%
25 %
50 %
Challenges
•
•
•
•
Technology
Globalization
Demographics
Work
Employment 1970’s
High Skill
Low Skill
Employment 1990’s
High Skill
Semi Skill
Low Skill
Employment 2010
High Skill
Semi Skill
Low Skill
1970’s 1990’s
2010
Industrial Base
1900










American Cotton Oil
American Steel
American Sugar
Continental Tobacco
Federal Steel
General Electric
National Lead
Pacific Mail
People’s Gas
Tennessee Coal and Iron
Industrial Base
1998










General Motors
Wal-Mart
Exxon
Ford
General Electric
IBM
Citigroup
AT & T
Phillip Morris
Boeing
Industrial Base
2010










Software
Aerospace
Genomics
Bioinformatics
Nanotechnology
Photonics
Micro Material
Finance
IT
Robotics
Lexile Framework® for Reading Study
Summary of Text Lexile Measures
Interquartile Ranges Shown (25% - 75%)
Text Lexile Measure (L)
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
High
School
Literature
College
Literature
* Source of National Test Data: MetaMetrics
College
High
School Textbooks
Textbooks
Military
Personal Entry-Level
Use
Occupations
SAT 1,
ACT,
AP*
Expectations have Changed
20th Century 21st Century
# of
Jobs
Job
Requirements
Teaching
Model
1 – 2 Jobs
10 – 15 Jobs
Mastery of
One Field
Flexibility
And
Adaptability
Subject
Matter
Mastery
Life
Long
Learners
U.S. % of World Scientists / Engineers
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1990
2020
We need to do what workers abroad
cannot do equally well for less
money…
Forging relationships, tackling novel
challenges, synthesizing big picture.
Business Reality
Foreign owned companies and foreignborn inventors account for nearly half
of U.S. patents (Japan, Korea and
Taiwan more than one-fourth)
“Innovate America,” Council on Competitiveness
Workplace Trends

Unskilled

Work to Worker
Large to Small

16 Career Clusters
Department of Education
Agriculture and Natural Resources
Arts, Audiovisual Technology, and
Communications
Business and Administration
Architecture and Construction
Education and Training
Finance
Health Science
Hospitality and Tourism
Human Services
Information Technology
Law and Public Safety
Manufacturing
Government and Public Administration
Retail, Wholesale, and Service
Scientific Research and Engineering
Transportation, Distribution, and Logistics
Reading Requirements
Findings

Entry-level



Highest in 6/16
Second Highest in 7/16
Consistent Across Country
Advanced
Lexile Reading Level Range: 850-930
Intermediate
Lexile Reading Level Range: 940-1090
Entry Level
Human Services
Lexile Reading Level Range: 1000-1140
Advanced
Lexile Reading Level Range: 1310-1390
Intermediate
Lexile Reading Level Range: 1250-1340
Entry Level
Construction
Lexile Reading Level Range: 1310-1350
Advanced
Lexile Reading Level Range: 1310-1440
Intermediate
Lexile Reading Level Range: 1280-1310
Entry Level
Manufacturing
Lexile Reading Level Range: 1280-1330
Proficiency
Grade 4 Reading
Proficient
Wisconsin
Texas
Iowa
Florida
Massachusetts
California
South Carolina
83 %
81 %
77 %
71 %
48 %
48 %
35 %
Required
NAEP Score
Proficiency
Grade 4 Reading
Wisconsin
Texas
Iowa
Florida
Massachusetts
California
South Carolina
Proficient
Required
NAEP Score
83 %
81 %
77 %
71 %
48 %
48 %
189
190
197
202
234
210
35 %
228
Proficiency
Grade 8 Reading
Proficient
North Carolina
Wisconsin
Iowa
Florida
California
South Carolina
88 %
86 %
72 %
44 %
39 %
30 %
Required
NAEP Score
Proficiency
Grade 8 Reading
North Carolina
Wisconsin
Iowa
Florida
California
South Carolina
Proficient
Required
NAEP Score
88 %
86 %
72 %
44 %
39 %
217
229
250
265
262
30 %
276
Proficiency
Grade 4 Mathematics
Proficient
North Carolina
Texas
Wisconsin
Michigan
Florida
California
South Carolina
Massachusetts
91 %
82 %
74 %
73 %
63 %
51 %
39 %
39 %
Required
NAEP Score
Proficiency
Grade 4 Mathematics
North Carolina
Texas
Wisconsin
Michigan
Florida
California
South Carolina
Massachusetts
Proficient
Required
NAEP Score
91 %
82 %
74 %
73 %
63 %
51 %
39 %
203
219
225
222
230
231
246
39 %
255
Proficiency
Grade 8 Mathematics
Proficient
North Carolina
Iowa
Wisconsin
Michigan
Florida
Massachusetts
South Carolina
84 %
76 %
75 %
61 %
58 %
42 %
24 %
Required
NAEP Score
Proficiency
Grade 8 Mathematics
North Carolina
Iowa
Wisconsin
Michigan
Florida
Massachusetts
South Carolina
Proficient
Required
NAEP Score
84 %
76 %
75 %
61 %
58 %
42 %
247
262
263
269
269
301
24 %
305
Improving Student Performance
in
Times of Declining Resources
Bases of ICLE Position
• International Center with Nation’s most
Successful Schools
• Funding Student Learning – Report
• States
– Florida
– New Jersey
Framework Vs. Index
Efficient and Effective Framework
High
Cost
Low
Cost
Efficient and Effective Framework
High Student Performance
High
Cost
E
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
Low Student Performance
Low
Cost
Efficient and Effective Framework
High Student Performance
High
Cost
C
A
E
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
D
B
Low Student Performance
Low
Cost
Efficient and Effective Framework
High Student Performance
High Cost
High Performance
High
Cost
C
High Cost
Low Performance
A
Low Cost
High Performance
D
Low Cost
Low Performance
B
Low Student Performance
Low
Cost
Example
• Class Size
–
–
–
–
25 to 24
4 % increase
Payroll Equals 80 %
Total Cost = 3.2 % of Budget
• Professional Development
Ohio English Language Arts
Learning Standards Tested
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Grade 6
Grade 7
Grade 8
Grade 9
Grade 10
High
16
36
7
22
18
14
28
34
Medium
5
10
16
6
41
7
17
18
Low
70
38
62
54
22
58
31
24
Levels
Bloom’s
6
5
4
3
2
1
C
D
A
B
1
2 3 4 5
Application
Gold Seal Lessons
Efficient and Effective Framework
High Student Performance
Focused Professional
Development
High
Cost
Reduce
Class Size
Low Student Performance
Low
Cost
Empower Staff
Empower Staff
1. Team of teachers
Empower Staff
1. Team of teachers
2. Given group of students
Empower Staff
1. Team of teachers
2. Given group of students
3. Agree to their present performance
Empower Staff
1.
2.
3.
4.
Team of teachers
Given group of students
Agree to their present performance
Give total budget (fixed and
variable)
Empower Staff
1.
2.
3.
4.
Team of teachers
Given group of students
Agree to their present performance
Give total budget (fixed and
variable)
5. Give % of savings if student
performance improves
Successful Examples
1. Teachers in teams with a group of
students --- They get 50% of reduced
cost if students maintain student
performance. If they dramatically
improve student performance they get
80% of reduced cost
Efficient and Effective Framework
High Student Performance
X
Teacher-Designed
Program
High
Cost
Low
Cost
Existing
Program
X
Low Student Performance
Examples
1. Department Chairs
Efficient and Effective Framework
High Student Performance
Interdisciplinary
Chairs
High
Cost
Low
Cost
Low Student Performance
Examples
1. Department Chairs
2. Looping
Efficient and Effective Framework
High Student Performance
Looping
High
Cost
Low
Cost
Low Student Performance
Examples
1. Department Chairs
2. Looping
3. Electives to 9th Grade
Efficient and Effective Framework
High Student Performance
High
Cost
Electives to
9th Grade
Low
Cost
Low Student Performance
Technology
Efficient and Effective Framework
High Student Performance
I CAN Learn
High
Cost
Low
Cost
Low Student Performance
Efficient and Effective Framework
High Student Performance
READ 180
High
Cost
Low
Cost
Low Student Performance
Examples
Coordinate Professional Development with
Graduate Degrees
Online and Best Practices
•
•
3 credit hours = 45 contact hours
6 hour days = 7.5 days (45 contact hours)
Cost of Graduate Programs
1. Temple University
-$573 per credit hour ($837 out of
state)
2. State University of New York at Albany
-$338 per credit hour ($573 out of state)
3. RPI
- $1,285 per credit hour
Online and Best Practices
• course 3 credit hours = 45 contact hours
• 6 hour days = 7.5 days (45 contact hours)
• Cost of $450 = $60 per day
compared to:
- $1,014 - $3,855 per course for Graduate Credit
- Cost of Professional Development Day
$36,000 per year/180 days = $200 per day
Online and Best Practices
•
•
•
•
3 credit hours = 45 contact hours
6 hour days = 7.5 days (45 contact hours)
Cost of course $450 = $60 per day
Tied to nation’s most successful schools
and their practices
Online and Best Practices
•
•
•
•
•
3 credit hours = 45 contact hours
6 hour days = 7.5 days (45 contact hours)
Cost of course $450 = $60 per day
Tied to nation’s most successful schools and their
practices
Based on district priorities
Online and Best Practices
•
•
•
•
•
•
3 credit hours = 45 contact hours
6 hour days = 7.5 days (45 contact hours)
Cost of course $450 = $60 per day
Tied to nation’s most successful schools and their
practices
Based on district priorities
No travel
Online and Best Practices
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
3 credit hours = 45 contact hours
6 hour days = 7.5 days (45 contact hours)
Cost of course $450 = $60 per day
Tied to nation’s most successful schools and their
practices
Based on district priorities
No travel
Cost savings to teachers and district PLUS best
practices tied to district priorities
Relevant and Cost Effective for Teachers
Relevant and Cost Effective for District
Efficient and Effective Framework
High Student Performance
X
Online Graduate
Course
High
Cost
Low
Cost
Traditional
Professional
Development
X
Low Student Performance
WHY - WHAT - HOW
International Center for
Leadership in Education, Inc.
1587 Route 146
Rexford, NY 12148
Phone (518) 399-2776
Fax (518) 399-7607
E-mail - info@LeaderEd.com
www.LeaderEd.com