Smart Flashlight
Map Navigation Using a Bike-mounted Projector
Alexandru Dancu1
Zlatko Franjcic2,1
1 t2i lab, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
Morten Fjeld1
2 Qualisys AB
Observation and Idea
Using mobile phones.
Google glass
- you don’t have to tilt your head to switch focus
- for use in motion
Replace light from a flashlight/headlight with information
“Mobile” phone video
“Mobile” phones
video
http://www.complexmag.ca/tech/2012/11/people-who-cant-text-and-walk-at-the-same-time/
Mobile Interaction Does Not Exist
“Mobile” phones are not mobile, assume stop-tointeract [1].
Consider reality of mobile device usage.
Map navigation applications
[1] Joe Marshall and Paul Tennent. 2013. Mobile interaction does not exist. In CHI '13
Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '13).
Related work, GPS navigation on bikes and cars
Tacticycle
Normal Troubles of driving with GPS
Martin Pielot, Benjamin Poppinga, Wilko Heuten, and Susanne Boll.
2012. Tacticycle: supporting exploratory bicycle trips. In
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Humancomputer interaction with mobile devices and services
(MobileHCI '12).
Barry Brown and Eric Laurier. 2012. The normal natural troubles
of driving with GPS. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on
Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '12).
Related work, projectors on bikes
Bike Lane
https://www.blaze.cc/
SmartFlashlight video
RPi speedometer
http://mattrichardson.com/
How it looks like
video
Setup
Compare navigation of map projection
with map on smartphone
Phone
Projector
No turn-by-turn instructions
We wanted the cyclist
• not to follow instruction blindly
• be more aware about the environment
• to think and interpret information
Importance of “providing contextual information to help a driver make
decisions about the turns they make” [1]
Tacticycle: “By not having turn-by-turn navigation, the bike rider could be
more aware about the environment” [2]
[1] Barry Brown and Eric Laurier. 2012. The normal natural troubles of driving with GPS. In Proceedings of
the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '12).
[2] Martin Pielot, Benjamin Poppinga, Wilko Heuten, and Susanne Boll. 2012. Tacticycle: supporting
exploratory bicycle trips. In Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Human-computer
interaction with mobile devices and services (MobileHCI '12).
Experiment, rating task workload
Pilot study
- 6 people, 2-4 routes, 1-3km
-
helped design the experiment
decided for 4 trials > account for novelty
effect and learning
Experiment
- 16 participants, 4 routes, 1km, 5min
- urban environment during night
- 2 x 4 (device: M-P; trial: 1-4)
- alternate: M-P-M-P and P-M-P-M
Task workload
- 7-point Likert scale >
- Mental demand was statistically
significant p<0.01
Experiment, rating usability
Navigation with map projection
Compared with map on smartphone
Usability
Attentive
.
Visible
Fun
Helpful
Safe
Easy
Discussion
Suggested parameters influencing the results:
• Eye-to-digital information (EI) distance
• Normal-view-to-digital information
distance (NVI)
The normal view is characterized by the
field of view (FOV) and the line of sight
directed ahead.
If digital information is outside the FOV, the head moves towards that info.
Resulting in head tilt, so the line of sight changes as in the projection view.
This would explain the lower cognitive load in the projector case.
Consider these parameters when designing visual mobile devices.
Conclusion
Map navigation using a bike-mounted projector works.
Using a projector yields a lower mental demand than with a phone display.
Visuo-spatial factors for designing mobile visual devices.
Lessons learned / Future work
In future, to measure and test objective measures such as
• completion time
• head tilt frequency
we suggest to
i) control participants cycling proficiency
ii) control traffic – real world context?
iii) improve GPS accuracy
iv) control map navigation skills.
Thank you
This work was supported by the EU FP7 People Programme (Marie Curie Actions)
under REA Grant Agreement 290227 and 289404.
Open PhD position soon