Introduction to
Cruising in Europe
Our Main Topics will be:
Prepping Your Boat & Getting There
Cruising Venues & the Infrastructure to Expect
Complying with EU Laws & Avoiding EU Taxes
Cruising Nitty-Gritty Once You’re there
Cruising in Europe from a Woman’s Perspective
References & Resources
Q & A – also at Saturday’s Roundtables (Room 1)
About this Program
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Each of us had to be Trailblazers: We’d like to
leave a trail of breadcrumbs behind for others.
There are many solutions for each Euro cruising
puzzle; These are just SOME of the solutions.
We aren’t experts…but we can get you started
Most of this content can also be found in
References & Resources in your handout.
Roundtables tomorrow will offer opportunity for
more Q&A; we’re in Room 1.
Preparing a North American
Boat for Europe
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Using 230V 50Hz AC Power
How to Resupply with LPG
Heat: What’s Necessary, What Isn’t
Taking Water Aboard
Navtex Receiver
DVD’s, Television & WIFI
Taking Euro AC Power Aboard
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You have 3 basic choices:
1.
2.
3.
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Charge batteries only (look
for isolated 230V chargers)
Small AC capacity via
portable transformer.
Permanently installed
isolation transformer
Choices you DON’T have:
1.
2.
Must live with 50 Hz Power
(check AC motors).
Must live with power on
dock (usually 16 amps @
230V).
Permanent
Isolation Transformer
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Need to install this before
departure.
Can be heavy: permanent
mounting must be solid.
Will tie into boat’s AC system;
very convenient.
‘Switchable’ feature allows use
all over the world.
EU dock normally offers
equivalent of 30 amps @ 120V.
For NA boats, some ‘breaker
management’ will be needed.
Be sure to wire in 230V power
strip for local appliances.
Adding 230V Takeoff
Pigtail & Extension
Portable
Transformer Option
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You’ll have this option when
arriving in Horta
These are British Tool
Transformers: 2 outlets, each 15
amps @ 120V
Continuous rating much lower:
Max of 17 amps @ 120V
Typically stowed in locker, moved
to cockpit when ‘plugged in’
Many choices available if heading
for Britain
Costs a bit less than permanent
transformers
2 Tool Transformers
Propane & Butane in Europe
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Many different bottle valves; you WILL change
something
Calder an excellent overview: safety, decanting
and gas performance
British bottles will accept NA POL fitting; no
other compatibility
My view on 3 basic options:
1.
2.
3.
The Clever Nuisance Method – decant (see Calder)
Aerobic Workout Method – go looking for someone
to fill your tank
Easy & Cheap Method – buy adapter & use 3 Kg or
6 Kg Camping GAZ cylinders.
GAZ Cylinder & Adapter
Trident Marine
#1195-1615
GAZ Adapters
Trident Marine
#1190-1625
What about spares?
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How old is your LPG regulator?
How old is your LPG Locker pigtail (getting
stiff?)
What happens if the solenoid fails?
NOTE: You may want to juggle between
NA and GAZ tanks.
How Much Heat?
Euro cruising can be chilly: independent heat nice.
Winters are cold, not frigid. Won’t winterize the
engine.
Winters are wet. Warm cabins generate add’l moisture.
Options
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Simple space heaters OK IF dock power reliable & sufficient.
Reverse cycle A/C works well
(injection temp 40ºF+) BUT 50Hz
Vented bulkhead heaters offer inexpensive, independent heat.
Diesel-fired heating systems not necessary, fuel expensive
Dehumidifier a BIG help reducing moisture (230V AC)
Remember! Only 16 amps @ 230V for most slips
Bringing Water Aboard
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Water is available almost
everywhere; good quality
Hose connectors vary, as
do faucets
Bring hose washers &
faucet adapter with you
Pick up the rest once you
arrive
L-o-n-g (100’) hoses
sometimes needed
Dutch Metered Faucet
Dedicated Navtex Receiver
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Navtex a common source of
weather info thru-out Europe
300 NM+/- range; broadcast
stations cover all of Europe
Forecasts all in English on 518
kHz; 24 Hr F’cast + Outlook
Offers safety, navigation, SAR
info, too
Small in size and cost (NX-300
is $360); buy before leaving
Leave it on 24/7 – far easier
than downloading via SSB
What about (Gasp!)
TV and dVd’s?
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NA TV won’t work in Europe (PAL I, II or SECAM)
Euro DVDs are Region II (vs. Region I for USA)
Movies are dubbed in some countries; no English
How computer dependent do you wish to be?
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PCMCIA or PC Card Euro TV receiver in computer
All-region software will play all DVDs
Research this; lots of other alternatives
Dedicated ‘boxes’ also solve these problems
Trans-European TVs pricey but available (230V)
 PAL-only TV (less expensive & available (230V)
 NA DVD players can be “modified”
 Purchase Region II DVD player after arrival (230V)
IF you have compatible monitor or TV
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WiFi
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WiFi growing or established in many areas
Need more range than at Starbucks!
Simple solution: Hi-gain PCMCIA card
(200mW), Omni Antenna & low-loss coax
for <$150
Why WiFi? Benefits like…
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Skype calls back home
weather f’cast products
lower cell phone bills
Getting the Boat to Europe
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3 options: Sail It, Ship It, Buy It
Ship & Buy will be discussed in Roundtable
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Shipping the Boat
Buying Abroad
Numerous guides for an Atlantic Crossing
BUT…3 Suggestions
REEDS a great tutorial
on Euro waters
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Not our puny North
American REEDS
IALA System A
buoyage, tides,
weather, more
All harbors from
Norway to Gibraltar
Great reading
material before and
while on passage
Atlantic Crossing Strategies
Then:
Now:
Heavier, slower boats with
smaller SA/D ratios, less
windward ability
Lighter, faster boats with
higher SA/D ratios, more
windward ability; wider
selection of sails
Smaller, less reliable engines
Larger, fuel efficient engines
Limited fuel tankage
More fuel tankage
No real-time, area-specific
weather data available
SSB, SatCom, routing services,
Pactor email & WxFax
available
Limited ability by crew to do
self-forecasting
On-board skill in and use of wx
data improving
Method Used: Work from
Pilot Charts & general
routing advice in Guides
Method Used: Monitor realtime wx data & f’casts,
adjust route accordingly
Contemporary Approach = Weather Preplanning
Wx Product
F’cast Time Period
Station or Freq(s)
Comments
Wx Fax Products: Surf
Analysis & F’cast, Wind &
Wave, F’casts, 500MB,
etc.
Issued 0000 & 1200
GMT, effective for
time/date given on the
chart
Boston NMF
Northwood GYA
Offenbach (German)
See current NMF Sked +
REEDS for freqs, times
and product selection
Area Forecasts: Radio
France Int’natl
(RFI)
As of 1200 GMT for
subsequent 36 Hrs
Trudy’s Net & UK
Maritime Mobile Net
Both are ham nets; see
REEDS for RFI f’cast
areas
Area Forecasts, UK &
Adjacent Seas
(referred to as the BBC
Shipping F’cast)
Issued 0100 & 1300 GMT
for subsequent 24-36 Hrs
198 kHz AM;
also available from UK
MM Net (14.303 USB,
0800 & 1800 GMT)
0435, 1101, 1654 & 2348
GMT on 198; hard to pick
up until near UK; see
REEDS for BBC f’cast
areas
Southbound II
Herb Hilgenberg
Toronto, Canada
3-4 Days
12.359 USB; Roll call
begins 1930 GMT, Net
begins 2000
Propagation opens for this
area 2100-2130 GMT
Winlink:
Catalog Files
Same as RFI, BBC and
NWS WxFax Products
PMBO PA3DUV usually
best connection; also used
DA5UAW, IV3HXR,
OE4XBU, SM6USU;
W10N & VE2AFQ initially
workable
Review your catalog;
FQNT52 (RFI) & FPUK71
(BBC) area f’casts plus
NWS products you don’t
receive via Wx Fax
Navtex Broadcasts
Broadcast every 4 Hrs
for 24 Hr Period
518 kHz (English)
Medium Range (200-500
NM; varies); offers
variety of navigation, wx
info
Four Main Cruising Venues
Western Northern Europe
Keil Canal
This ship is not parked!
West Coast of Sweden
Stockholm Waterfront
Göta Canal
Eastern Northern Europe
Atlantic Coast, UK & Ireland
Withie
I don’t see any stinking “Withie”
Withie (Enhanced Photo)
Atlantic Coast, UK & Ireland
American Cemetery (Omaha)
Food in France
Honfleur
Santiago de Campostela
Western Mediterranean
Eastern Mediterranean
Sugilite’s #1 Reason to visit
the Mediterranean
Compliance with
EU Law and Conventions
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First Rule: Via international treaties,
your vessel accepted in EU waters
IF compliant with your country’s
requirements
• Exs: SSB license; LPG plumbing;
holding tank
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Rule of Thumb: There may be
paperwork but rarely do officials
cause problems…and in most places,
there isn’t even paperwork
EU Countries 2005
How to avoid VAT
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Boat is exempt VAT for 18 months from entry
• Exs: Azores (Portugal)
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Restart the ‘VAT Clock’ if you leave EU &
document it
• Choices include: Norway, Channel Is., Gibraltar,
Morocco, Tunisa, Croatia, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
and further east in Med
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No stated minimum time outside EU
One uncertain area: west coast of France
• As of 2005, Customs may apply ’18 out of 24
month’ rule
• So…visit Atlantic France in your first 18 months
Schengen Countries 2005
Immigration:
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Most EU countries observe the Schengen
Treaty:
• Non-Schengen citizens limited to 90 days in
ALL Schengen countries in 180 day period
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Few cruisers are compliant with
Schengen all the time; this only rarely
presents a problem
To avoid fines and be compliant:
1. IF cleared by Immigration, ask for how long
you are cleared
2. IF given a limit, observe it
International Certificate
of Competence (ICC)
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EU mandate, applying to EU citizens
(Harbormaster may include you)
Rarely asked for by officials
anywhere, to date
IF they ask you:
• Carry aboard & present old USCGA,
USPS, other course certificate
Insurance: Is It Required?
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Insurance may be required by
marinas
• Even if ‘required’ an insurance policy is
not often requested
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Exception: Wintering over, likely you
will be asked to prove coverage
Hull insurance NOT required; they
require Liability coverage
WhaT ship’s papers
Should You Carry?
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Ship's registration document
Passports (Europe moving to dual biometric format)
Insurance binder (and copy of policy)
• Broker can supply multiple language version at no
charge
Documented evidence of last non-EU port visit
• Clearance documents; berthing or fuel receipts
also helpful
ICC (Competency) paperwork (e.g. USCGA, USPS
Certificate)
Your Compliance Checklist:
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Compliant in home country
Observe 18 month window; document,
then re-enter
Observe national immigration limits when
given them
Carry competency paperwork
Carry liability insurance
Observe national requirements, when they
exist
Keep your ear tuned to the Yachtie
Grapevine:
Things Change!
Cruising Nitty-GriTTy Once yOu’re There
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Navigation differences in Europe
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Green right returning
Day Shapes
Med Mooring
Charters Yachts
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Cardinal system
Day Sailors
Internet
SSB Nets
Winlink
Navtex
RTTY
Ham Radio
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Weather reports
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Handling money
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Cash
Euro
Cost of Cruising in Europe
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ATMs
Charge bands
Communications
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VHF
SSB
Ham
Fuel
Food
Cell Phones
Phone cards
Postal System
Red Left Returning
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Study lateral System
outlined in Cruising
Guides
Fly a black ball at
anchor
Learn day shape
meanings
Europeans anchor
closer and use less
scope than US sailors.
This explains why they
deploy fenders at
anchor.
Reeds
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A must have for
sailing to Europe
Does not cover
Mediterranean
Ports
An old copy is
great for a
Reference to the
Navigation
Systems of Europe
Med Mooring
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Bow or Stern to is
the rule in Europe
Trip or lazy lines
are used almost
everywhere
Carry plenty of
large diameter
fenders
Med Mooring 2
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Learn to back into
a slip and carry a
boarding ramp or:
Carry a means of
climbing off the
bow
Weather Sources
Used in the Med
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Internet – My favorites weather sites are:
• https:// www.Nemoc.Navy.mil
• http://www.Franksingleton.clara.net/home.htm
• http://www.deckersailing.com/weather.htm
VHF―See weather section in cruising guides such as
Reeds, Rod Heikell or Imray
Navtex―Consider a dedicated receiver or Getfax
RTTY―Transmitted 4 times a day from Germany
Marine WeFAX―from GB or Germany
Winlink―Email weather, Catalog Listings, Grib Files
Mediterranean Cruisers Net on 8122 khz at 0530 UTC
Subscription weather services that send weather via
e-mail.
Ham Radio weather net on 14303 khz from GB
A welcome source
for surface weather
synopsis. Also
Satellite photos and
wind & sea
analysis.
Note the https://
prefix instead of the
usual http://
https://www.nemoc.navy.mil
Many European
links plus useful
Information
http://www.Franksingleton.clara.net/home.htm
A great source for
weather links. Use
a USB flash drive
to download
weather.
http://www.deckersailing.com/weather.htm
The next few slides show the Med. RTTY
weather report from Hamburg Germany.
This same report is read each day over
the Med Cruisers Net and repeated as
necessary. Use GetFax or JVComm32 to
receive over HF radio.
Note: Beaufort scale is used for wind.
Become familiar with region designations.
Very accurate except for local on shore/off
shore winds around islands.
Example RTTY WX Report
UWRHFEMM74 EDZW 220000
MEDIUM RANGE - WEATHER AND SEA BULLETIN
FOR THE
MEDITERRANEAN SEA ISSUED BY MARINE
WEATHER SERVICE HAMBURG
22.07.2005 04 UTC:
GENERAL SYNOPTIC SITUATION
LOW SATURDAY 1002 EASTERN PART TAURUS ,
NEARLY UNCHANGED.
TROUGH SATURDAY 1010 GOLFE DU LION, IN
THE WESTERN PART
WEAKENING, FROM SUNDAY 1010 SOUTHERN
ADRIATIC SEA. HIGH
SATURDAY 1012 ROMANIA, MOVING EAST. LOW
SCANDINAVIA,
FRONTAL TROUGH SATURDAY 1008 BOSNIA,
MOVING EASTSOUTHEAST,
TUESDAY 1010 SEA OF MARMARA. HIGH
SATURDAY 1028 JUST
SOUTHWEST OF THE AZORES, WEAKENING.
RIDGE SATURDAY 1018
GIBRALTAR, 1015 TUNISIA, 1010 NORTHEGYPT,
NEARLY UNCHANGED.
FURTHER RIDGE SATURDAY 1010 AUSTRIA,
LATER INTENSIFYING A
LITTLE, FROM SUNDAY HIGH 1015 ALPS. FLAT
LOW SATURDAY 1009
CENTRAL SPAIN, MOVING EAST, MONDAY 1008
PALOS. LOW
ATLANTIC, FRONTAL TROUGH SATURDAY 1015
WEST OF THE BISCAY,
MOVING EAST SLOWLY.
Golfe de Lion weather usually spreads over
the Western Med a couple of days later.
Watch for high winds.
DWD FORECAST OF FR, 22/07/2005 0 UTC:
WIND FORCE: BEAUFORT, WAVE HEIGHT: METRE
GOLFE DE LION (42.2N 4.5E) SST: 21 C
SA 23. 12Z: W-NW 2-3 /
1 M //
SU 24. 00Z: SW-W 4-5 /
0.5 M //
SU 24. 12Z: S-SW 2-3 /
0.5 M //
MO 25. 00Z: S
3-4 /
0.5 M //
MO 25. 12Z: SE 3-4 /
0.5 M //
TU 26. 00Z: E-SE 4 /
0.5 M /.
0/57 26. 12Z: SE
4 /
0.5 M //
WE 27. 00Z: SE 3-4 /
0.5 M //
WE 27. 12Z: E-SE 4 /
0.5 M //
TH 28. 00Z: --- --- /
--- M //
TH 28. 12Z: --- --- /
--- M //
BALEARIC ISLANDS (39.2N 3.7E) SST: 26 C
SA 23. 12Z: E-SE 3 /
0.5 M //
SU 24. 00Z: SE
4 /
0.5 M //
SU 24. 12Z: SE
4 /
0.5 M //
MO 25. 00Z: SE 3-4 /
0.5 M //
MO 25. 12Z: SE
3 /
0.5 M //
TU 26. 00Z: S-SW 2-3 /
0.5 M //
TU 26. 12Z: S-SW 4-5 /
0.5 M //
WE 27. 00Z: SW
4 /
1 M //
WE 27. 12Z: S-SW 4-5 /
1 M //
TH 28. 00Z: --- --- /
--- M //
TH 28. 12Z: --- --- /
--- M //
Example RTTY WX Report
LIGURIAN SEA (43.3N 9.3E) SST: 24 C
TYRRHENIAN SEA (41.5N 10.5E) SST: 24
C
SA 23. 12Z: NW-N 0-2 /
0.5 M //
SA 23. 12Z: W
3 /
0.5 M //
SU 24. 00Z: SW-W 0-2 /
0.5 M //
SU 24. 00Z: W-NW 4 /
0.5 M //
SU 24. 12Z: NE-E 0-2 /
0.5 M //
SU 24. 12Z: W
2-3 /
0.5 M //
MO 25. 00Z: NW-N 0-2 /
0.5 M //
MO 25. 00Z: NW 0-2 /
0.5 M //
MO 25. 12Z: NE-E 0-2 /
0.5 M //
MO 25. 12Z: E
0-2 /
0.5 M //
TU 26. 00Z: E-SE 0-2 /
0.5 M //
TU 26. 00Z: SE-S 2-3 /
0.5 M //
TU 26. 12Z: E-SE 3-4 /
0.5 M //
TU 26. 12Z: SE
4 /
0.5 M //
WE 27. 00Z: SE 4-5 /
0.5 M //
WE 27. 00Z: SE-S 4-5 /
0.5 M //
WE 27. 12Z: SE 4-5 /
0.5 M //
WE 27. 12Z: SE-S 5 /
1 M //
TH 28. 00Z: --- --- /
--- M //
TH 28. 00Z: --- --- /
--- M //
TH 28. 12Z: --- --- /
--- M //
--- M //
WEST CORSE / SARDINI (41.4N 7.2E) SST: 23TH
C 28. 12Z: --- --- /
ADRIATIC SEA-N (44.3N 13.5E) SST: 25 C
SA 23. 12Z: NW 4-5 /
1.5 M //
SA OFEM QWZ: W
0-2 /
0.5 M //
SU 24. 00Z: W
4-5 /
1 M //
SU 24. 00Z: N
0-2 / 7-8 0.5 M //
SU 24. 12Z: W
3 /
0.5 M //
SU 24. 12Z: N
2-3 /
0.5 M //
MO 25. 00Z: NE 0-2 /
0.5 M //
MO 25. 00Z: N =,3 0-2 / ) 8.5 M //
MO 25. 12Z: E
3 /
0.5 M //
MO 25. 12Z: NE N0-2 #/
0.5 O
TU 26. 00Z: E
3 /
0.5 M //
CKCGHTU
26.
00TUSE
TU 26. 12Z: SE 3-4 /
0.5 M //
0-20 /
0.5 M //
WE 27. 00Z: S
3 /
0.5 M //
/57 26. 12Z: E-SE 2-3 /
0.5 M //
WE 27. 12Z: NE-E 4 /
0.5 M //
WE 27. 00Z: SE-S 3-4 /
0.5 M //
TH 28. 00Z: --- --- /
--- M //
WE 27. 12Z: SE 2-3 /
0.5 M //
TH 28. 12Z: --- --- /
--- M //
TH 28. 00Z: --- --- /
--- M //
TH 28. 12Z: --- --- /
--- M //
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SailMail and Airmail offer Grib files
A huge selection of weather products
Plus RTTY and Navtex using Getfax
Radio is Important
for Weather

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Weather nets
Local broadcast
RTTY
Wefax and Navtex
Mediterranean Nets:
• Med Cruisers Net 8122
khz at 0530 UTC
• Eastern Med Net at
0700on 7085 khz
• UK ham net on 14303
khz at 0800 and 1300
UTC
ATMs in Europe
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ATMs are plentiful. Bank owned
machines have lower fees than
private machines.
Credit card fees are 3% to 4%
plus the hidden exchange fee
charged by banks, so use cash
(Euros) when possible.
Marina dockage is rated by
Charge Bands 1-5. One is about
1 €/m; a five may be 5-6 €/m.
Fuel prices = 1.3 €/lt in Italy.
Portugal and Spain are less.
Motor Oil costs from 3€ to 12 €
/lt so bring your own.
The €/$ exchange makes food
cost about 20% more than in
the USA.
Radio Important for
Voice Communications
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Communications can
be pricey and
frustrating
Switch the VHF to
International and use
for local calls to
friends.
Ham Radio phone
patches have not been
practical from Europe
Marine SSB nets are a
good way to stay in
touch with cruisers.
GSM with SIM card
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Cell phones are good for
voice and internet hook
up.
Pre-paid SIM cards allow
you to use the same
phone in all countries if
you have an unlocked
phone.
Incoming calls are free,
even from the USA.
Plan costs vary with the
type of calls you make;
cell to a business or cell
to cell, day, night, etc.
Cell Incoming Free
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Buy in Europe and
programming help will
be available, but
watch out for the
220v charging
systems.
Good buys are
available on the
Internet for 110v
phones in the USA.
Make sure you get an
unlocked phone or one
that can be unlocked.
Vodaphone seems to
be universal in
Europe.
Phone Cards
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USA prepaid cards work in
Europe, fees are in
multiples of US tariffs,
ATT Pre-Paid Cards are
good for emergencies.
Tobacco shops sell
European calling cards.
These are the least
expensive way to call the
US, but all pay phones do
not accept them.
ATT operator required to
make 800 calls to the
USA; carry non-800 phone
numbers
Pay Phones
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All phones are not like this one.
Most pay phones are in the direct
sun next to the roadway.
Since most are privately owned
they do not all operate the same
way.
Ask for advice on using public
phones.
Fax is used in Europe and is quick
and easy.
There are many small
Phone/Western Union/Internet
businesses in Europe with private
booths for semi-quiet calling.
Postal Systems
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All European postal systems
work fine for outgoing letters
and cards.
Some do not sell postage
stamps. (Buy in a tobacco
shop)
Some do not handle
packages of any type.
To receive mail, find a
business or marina address
and use Fed X, UPS or DHL.
Ask around as to which
courier service provides the
best service to your
particular country.
Everyday Issues
Language, Shops,
Restaurants & Laundry
Communicating
with the Locals
Most of the
working class
people don’t speak
English
 Most of the
professionals and
youth do speak
English

Learn befOre yOu GO, Or …
Take a class in
Europe.
 Inquire at:

– Schools
– Tourist Offices
Buy your dictionaries
in America
They are written
for English
speakers.
 English books are
few and expensive
except for Cruising
Guides in Gibraltar

Shopping and Business
Affairs
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
Enjoy the slower pace
in Europe
Hours and siesta time
vary
Core hours 10 am — 1
pm; 6 PM — 8 PM
(maybe)
“Morning” means
before siesta
“Afternoon” means
after siesta
Early is best
Supermarkets






Often open all day.
Few convenience
foods available.
Gloves provided in the
produce dept.
Free supermarket
delivery.
Shop early, delivery
before siesta.
Weigh produce before
checkout.
MarkeT, bakery, buTcher …
Farmer’s Market
…mornings only
 Often less
expensive

Food is less processed
and tastes better
WhO’s nexT?
Take a number
 Queue up or …
 Ask, “Who’s last?”
La ultima? You are
after her.

No toca la fruta!
Don’t
touch the
fruit at the
Farmer’s
Market!
Expect a
few
bruises
and better
flavor.
How much? Grams and Kilos
Learn
words for
100
grams,
half a kilo,
and a
quarter
kilo
Clothes, styles and sizes
are different!


Minimal selection
Check return policy …
– Returns may be only to manufacturer

Best bargains are in America
eaTinG OuT … LaTe!
Dinner at 10 PM
Most
restaurants
serve dinner
starting at 8
PM. Hors
d’oeuvres
and tapas
from 6 PM
Cover charge
of $2 to $3 is common



Service
charge
sometimes
added
(10%)
Portions are
much
smaller, no
doggy bag
needed
Must ask for
your bill.
Restaurant Pricing
Standing at bar
least expensive
 Sitting indoors
more expensive
 Sitting outdoors
most expensive.

Menu of the Day
often good value
Unordered items …
like soup or
starters:
If you touch it,
you pay for it.
 Exception is “after
bill” liqueur.

Picnics popular in parks,
on monument steps, on trains.
Pick up lunch items in grocery.
Laundry Choices

Professional
– Is expensive: 10
kilos (22 lbs) for
$65 US in Menorca

DIY Laundromaats
– Few and distant.
$3.75 US per wash.

Onboard
Onboard Machines: 110 or 220 volt
Remember: 110 volt
machines unavailable
 Automataic: easiest

– highest water
consumption

Non-Automatic: Washer
and Spin Dryer
– Low water consumption
haircuT rOuLeTTe …
Take photos to stylist!
My favorite hairdresser
Inland Travel

Guide Books are
necessary – Lonely
Planet/ Fodors or
others
Inland Travel

Car Rental
– Hidden costs = Gas, tolls &
curvy roads/ traffic >> peace of
mind
Inland Travel

Trains in Italy/
France
– Discounts if you can
show plane tickets
leaving within 48
hrs in Spain
– Easy to travel –
enjoyable – “worth
it!”
Inland Travel

Motorscooter for 2
in Sardinia Coast –
best inland travel
How to Discover Morocco


Bus travel is safe and
easy
No bathrooms on
buses but stops along
the way add to the
experience
How to Discover Morocco
Hotel reservations
are required before
leaving train/bus
station.
 Your hotel can
arrange for your
guide.

Cheap Airlines Cautions
Time and $$ to get to obscure airports
 Really pricey if you need to change flights
 Stansted to Heathrow = Minimum of 2 hrs
 Overnight in Stansted is very expensive.
 How many changes can you handle on a
trip w/ 4 bags ea @ 70 lbs (United)?
 Cheap Airlines limit luggage weight.

Shopping Tidbits
 St
Vaas on Normandy coast – a
must stop!
 Horsemeat hiding in with hamburger
in France.
 Hamburgasas in Spain – always rare.
 Chicken fillets – just say si’
 Don’t forget to ring up the veggies
before going to the cash register.
 Europe has PIN #s for credit cards