REVIEW SHEET – MODERN ART
19th CENTURY: Chapter 19
NEOCLASSICISM 1. Showing a love for Classical Greek and Roman Art
2. Harsh sculptural lines
3. Reserved emotion
4.
More Formal
5. Studied composition
Examples: "The Oath of the Horatii" Jacques-Louis David
"La Grande Odalisque" - Auguste Dominique Ingres
ROMANTICISM - Charged with emotion; sometimes contained literary elements,
or had reference to the French Revolution.
Examples: "The Death of Sardanapalus" Eugene Delacroix and
"Third of May, 1808" Francisco Goya (in this time period - but not
labeled Romantic)
THE ACADEMY - The style and subject matter were derived from conventions
established by the Academie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture in Paris, which
was established in 1648. It was the "accepted" style of painting up until this time.
REALISM - Showing the harshness (and sometimes joy) of everyday life.
Examples:
"The Third Class Carriage" - Honore Daumier
"The Stone Breakers" - Gustave Courbet The first to call himself
a realist
"Le Dejeuner sur I'herbe" - Edouard Manet
EDOUARD MANET'S INFLUENCE: Manet and Courbet worked during the same
time, but Manet was more interested in working with light and color than Courbet.
They both were rebels in the art community and had been refused by the “Salon”.
They both set up tents outside the Salon to exhibit their work. Manet shocked the
art community by entering "Le Dejeuner sur I'herbe" (Luncheon on the Grass), and
was promptly refused by the Salon. There were artists who followed his lead by
setting up a show called "Salon des Refuses". Out of some of the refused artists
came a new movement: IMPRESSIONISM.
IMPRESSIONISM - A concern with light, color, atmosphere, and capturing the
"instant" moment, with little concern of formal composition.
Examples:
"Impression Sunrise" - Claude Monet
"Le Moulin de la Galette" - Auguste Renoir
"Young Girl by the Window" - Berthe Merisot
"The Rehearsal" - Edgar Degas
LATE 19th AND EARLY 20th CENTURIES:
POST-IMPRESSIONISM (1884-1915) - Artists that slowly moved away from
impressionism. They were influenced by Japanese prints that had wide areas of
color. Used outlining, contour lines, and expressive color.
Examples:
"A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte" - Georges Seurat
"Still Life with Basket of Apples" - Paul Cezanne (broke things down into
geometric shapes and facets)
"Starry Night" - Vincent Van Gogh
"Vision after the Sermon" - Paul Gauguin - (Gauguin left his family & painted
in Tahiti, also van Gogh and Gauguin were friends and the loss of that
friendship may have driven van Gogh to suicide)
"At the Moulin Rouge" - Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
EXPRESSIONISM - Artists who used color and line to express inner feelings.
"The Scream" - Edvard Munch
"The Outbreak" - Kathe Kollwitz
AMERICA - 19TH CENTURY
More regional genre paintings about the landscape and city life.
American artists working overseas:
"The Boating Party" - Mary Cassatt (Painted with the Impressionist)
"Arrangement in Black and Gray: The Artist's Mother" James Abbott
McNeill Whistler
Americans in America:
"The Gross Clinic" - Thomas Eakins
"The Oxbow" - Thomas Cole
MODERN SCULPTURE EMERGES with "The Burghers of Calais" by
Auguste Rodin
ART NOUVEAU - A style that emerged as the 19th century moved into the 20th,
which was decorative and ornamental.
“Interior of the Tassel House"Brussels - Victor Horta
20TH CENTURY: THE EARLY YEARS - CHAPTER 20
FAUVISM - artists that painted with such non-natural colors that they were
labeled "Fauves", which means "wild beasts".
Examples:
"London Bridge" - Andre' Derain
"Red Room" - Henri Matisse
EXPRESSIONISM IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY - Distortion on nature
in order to achieve a desired emotional effect or represent inner feelings. The three
movements were:
Die Brucke (The Bridge) They saw their art as a bridge between several styles ex. "Dance around the Golden Calf" - Emil Nolde
Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) This group painted in a more abstract form
and focused on pure color, especially "blue".
ex. "Sketch I for Composition VII" - Wassily Kandinsky
THE NEW OBJECTIVITY (NEUE SACHLICHKEIT) - Their paintings
reacted to the horrors and senselessness of wartime.
ex. "Departure" - Max Beckmann
CUBISM ANALYTIC CUBISM - Dominated by geometric shapes or forms
"Les Demoiselles de Avignon” - Pablo Picasso
"The Portugugese" - Georges Braque
These men worked closely together in the early 20th century & their
paintings sometimes are hard to distinguish.
Examples:
SYNTHETIC CUBISM - usually a constructed piece by adding items to the
canvas, as in
making a collage.
Example:
"The Bottle of Suez" - Pablo Picasso
A painting that emulated synthetic cubism, and reflected Picasso's later work
was "Guernica".
CUBIST SCULPTURE - Three dimensional cubism
Examples:
"Still Life with Musical Instruments" - Jacques Lipchitz
"Walking Woman" - Alexander Archipenko
FUTURISM - A group of Italian artists who decided that motion itself was the
glory of the 20th Century.
Example: "Unique Forms of Continuity in Space" - Umberto Boccioni
"Street Light" - Giacomo Balla
20th CENTURY ABSTRACTION - America
Examples: "White Iris" - Georgia O'Keeffe
CONSTRUCTIVISM - A sculptural process that used a minimum of mass to
create volumes in space.
Example:
"Column" - Naum Gabo
"Bird in Space" - Constantin Brancusi
DE STIJL - Dutch movement with an abstract, economical style
Example: "Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow" - Piet Mondrian
"Schroeder House" - Gerrit Rietveld
FANTASY - An illusion or a vision of something that exists only in the artist's
imagination.
Examples: "Twittering Machine" - Paul Klee
"The Mystery & Melancholy of the Street" - Chirico
DADISM - anti "everything" – meaningless, an art movement against art.
Example: "Mona Lisa (L.H.O.O.Q.)" - Marcel Duchamp
"Fountain" - Marcel Duchamp (Web)
Readymade-Purchased or found objects, minimally altered
SURREALISM - Beyond realism, related to dreams or visions; Freudian
psychology
Examples: "Two Children Are Threatened by a Nightingale" - Max Ernst
"Persistence of Memory" - Salvador Dali
ABSTRACT SURREALISM - Having no recognizable shape or form, but have
the ideas of dreams or visions.
Example: "Painting" - Joan Miro
POST WAR TO POST MODERN – 20TH CENTURY
CHAPTER 21
NEW YORK SCHOOL
ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM - "Action Painting (usually nonrepresentational)
Pollock and de Kooning most well known
Examples: “One (Number 31, 1950” - Jackson Pollock
"Two Women" - Willem de Kooning
"Easter Lilies” - Lee Krasner
COLOR FIELD - Soothing, tranquil quality; color relationships
Examples:
"Blue, Orange, Red" - Mark Rothko
"Lorelei" - Helen Frankenthaler
FIGURATIVE PAINTING
Example: "Figure With Meat" - Francis Bacon
POP ART - Reflection of our popular commercial culture - mass production
Examples:
"The Bed" - Robert Rauschenberg
"Painted Bronze (Ale Cans)" - Jasper Johns
"Green Coca-Cola Bottles"- Andy Warhol
PHOTOREALISM - Art that is so realist that it looks like a photograph, or it is
alive. It most closely resembles the natural world.
Example: "World War II (Vanitas)" - Audrey Flack
OP ART - Optical painting.
Example: "Entrance to Green" - Richard Anusziewicz
NEW IMAGE PAINTING - An attempt to reconcile abstraction and
representation
Examples: "Spiral: An Ordinary Evening in New Haven” Jennifer Bartlett
"Diagonal" - Susan Rothenberg
NEO-EXPRESSIONISM (New Expressionists) - vivid with clashing colors,
sometimes violent, full of passion, symbolism, & sometimes a storyline.
Examples: "Dein Goldenes Haar, Margarethe" - Anselm Kiefer
"A Visit To/ A Visit From" - Eric Fischl
SCULPTURE - MID TO LATE 20TH CENTURY
Examples: "Reclining Figure" - Henry Moore
"Cezanne Still Life" - George Segal
"Tourists" - Duane Hanson
"Horse" - Deborah Butterfield
"Cubi" - David Smith
"Torot" - Nancy Graves
FEMINIST ART - a rise in artists that were women, generally with a feminist
statement.
Examples: "The Doll House" - Miriam Shapiro
"Arbol de la Vida, no. 294" - Ana Mendieta
DECONSTRUCTIVIST ARCHITECTURE - architecture of the third
millennium that emphasizes "the whole" is less important than the parts.
Examples: "Brooklyn Arena Plan" - Frank Gehry
"Extension of the Berlin Museum" - Daniel Libeskind
CHAPTER 22 – ART IN THE 21ST CENTURY
GLOBALIZATION
• Contemporary art has gone global.
• The venue, the subject and even the economics of the art market.
ART IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM HYBRIDITY
The merging of cultures to create new connections
Example: “TAN TAN BO”, Takashi Murakami
High Art and Low Culture:
Example: “Elephant”, (2000-2004) – Jeff Koons
Environmental Art
Example: "The Gate" - Christo and Jeanne-Claude p. 202 - 203
"Ice Star" - Andy Goldsworthy (12 Jan. 1987)