AP US HISTORY
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John Smith
Time Period: Early 1600s
Location: Jamestown, VA
Major Items:
• No work, no food policy
• Credited with saving the
Jamestown Colony
John Rolfe
Time Period: Early 1600s
Location: Jamestown, VA
Major Items:
• Developed a new strain of
tobacco that flourished in VA;
made the colony profitable
John Winthrop
Time Period: 1630s
Location: MA Bay Colony
Major Items:
• Governor
• Gave the famous “Model of
Christian Charity” sermon
• Compared the colony to a
“City upon a hill”
Anne Hutchinson
Time Period: 1630s-40s
Location: MA – RI – NY
Major Items:
• Challenged the authority of
the Puritan church
• Put on trial; banished
Roger Williams
Time Period: 1630s-40s
Location: Providence, RI
Major Items:
• Argued for the separation of
church & state and fair
dealings with Native
Americans
• Put on trial; banished
• Founded the Baptist Church
in America
Metacom (King Philip)
Time Period: 1660s-1670s
Location: New England
Major Items:
• Chief of the Wampanoag Indians
• Led the Native Americans against
the colonists in King Philip’s War
(1675-1678)
Jonathan Edwards
Time Period: 1730s-50s
Location: New England
Major Items:
• First Great Awakening
• Gave the famous “Sinners in
the Hands of an Angry God”
sermon (1741)
• Regarded as an example of
“fire & brimstone” preaching
George Whitefield
Time Period: 1730s-50s
Location: New England
Major Items:
• First Great Awakening
• Regarded as the best known
preacher in North America
Benjamin Franklin
Time Period: 1750s1780s
Location: Philadelphia
Major Items:
• Proposed the Albany Plan
of Union (1754)
• Delegate to the Second
Continental Congress
(1775-1776)
• Ambassador to France
(1776-1785)
• Delegate to the
Constitutional Convention
(1787)
George Washington
Time Period: 1789-1797
Location: Virginia
Major Items:
• Commander of the
Continental Army
• President
• Hamilton’s Financial Plan
• Whiskey Rebellion (1791)
• Jay Treaty (1795)
• Treaty of Greenville (1795)
• Pinckney Treaty (1795)
• Farewell Address (1796)
Alexander Hamilton
Time Period: 1786-1804
Location: New York
Political Party: Federalist
Major Items:
• Constitutional Convention
• Federalist Papers (1787-88)
• Secretary of the Treasury
• First Bank of the United States
• Excise tax
• Helped to defeat Aaron Burr
• Election of 1800
• New York Governor (1804)
John Adams
Time Period: 1797-1801
Location: Massachusetts
Political Party: Federalist
Major Items:
• X, Y, Z Affair (1797)
• Quasi-War (1798-1800)
• Alien & Sedition Acts (1798)
• Midnight Judges (1801)
Thomas Jefferson
Time Period: 1801-1809
Location: Virginia
Political Party: DemocratRepublican
Major Items:
• Declaration of Independence (1776)
• KY & VA Resolutions (1798-99)
• President
• Marbury v. Madison (1803)
• Louisiana Purchase (1803)
• Lewis & Clark Expedition (1804-05)
• 12th Amendment (1804)
• Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807)
• Embargo Act (1807)
• Nonintercourse Act (1809)
John Marshall
Time Period: Early 1800s
Political Party: Federalist
Accomplishments:
• Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court
• Worked to increase the power
of the national government
• Marbury v. Madison
• Fletcher v. Peck
• McCulloch v. Maryland
James Madison
Time Period: 1809-1817
Location: Virginia
Political Party: DemocraticRepublican
Major Items:
• Father of the Constitution
• Federalist Papers (1787-88)
• Bill of Rights (1791)
• KY & VA Resolutions (1798-99)
• President
• Macon’s Bill #2 (1810)
• War of 1812
Tecumseh
Time Period: Early 1800s
Location: Old Northwest
Major Items:
• Attempted to organize Native
Americans in their fight
against the US
• Lost to William Henry Harrison
at the Battle of Tippecanoe
• Died at the Battle of the
Thames (War of 1812)
James Monroe
Time Period: 1817-1825
Location: Virginia
Political Parties:
• Democratic-Republican
Major Items:
• “Era of Good Feelings”
• Panic of 1819
• Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
• Missouri Compromise (1820)
• Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Henry Clay
Time Period: 1812-1850
Location: Kentucky (West)
Political Parties:
• Democratic-Republican
• National Republican
• Whig
Major Items:
• Great Triumvirate
• War Hawk (War of 1812)
• American System
• Missouri Compromise (1820)
• “Corrupt Bargain” (1824)
• Tariff of 1833
• Compromise of 1850
John C. Calhoun
Time Period: 1812-1850
Location: South Carolina
Political Parties:
• Democratic-Republican
• Democrat
Major Items:
• Great Triumvirate
• War Hawk (War of 1812)
• Nullification Crisis (1832)
• “Positive Good” Doctrine
(1837)
Daniel Webster
Time Period: 1812-1850
Location: New England
Political Parties:
• Federalist
• Whig
Major Items:
• Great Triumvirate
• Webster-Hayne Debate (1830)
• Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)
• “Seventh of March” Speech (1850)
Andrew Jackson
Time Period: 1829-1837
Location: Tennessee
Political Parties:
• Democrat
Major Items:
• Cabinet Crisis
• Spoils System
• Indian Removal Act (1830)
• Nullification Crisis (1832)
• Bank War (1832)
Samuel Slater
Time Period: 1790s-1820s
Location: RI and MA
Major Items:
• “Father of the American Factory
System”
Eli Whitney
Time Period: 1790s-1820s
Location: Massachusetts
Major Items:
• Invented the cotton gin;
strengthened the economic
foundation of slavery in the
American South
• Popularized the used of
interchangeable parts in the
production of muskets
Robert Fulton
Time Period: 1790s-1810s
Location: Pennsylvania
Major Items:
• Developed the first
commercially successful
steamboat
Samuel F. B. Morse
Time Period: 1830s-1840s
Location: Massachusetts
Major Items:
• Contributed to the invention of
the telegraph system
• Co-inventor of Morse code
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Time Period: 1830s-1840s
Location: Massachusetts
Major Items:
• Leader of the Transcendentalist
Movement
• Author of Nature, The American
Scholar, and Self-Reliance
• Developed ideas about individuality
and freedom
Henry David Thoreau
Time Period: 1830s-1860s
Location: Massachusetts
Major Items:
• Leader of the Transcendentalist
Movement
• Author of Walden and Civil
Disobedience
• Argued for individual resistance
to an unjust government
• Abolitionist who argued against
the Fugitive Slave Law and
defended John Brown
Charles Finney
Time Period: 1820s-1830s
Location: Ohio
Major Items:
• Leader of the Second Great
Awakening
• Abolitionist
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Time Period: 1840s-1890s
Location: New York
Major Items:
• Leader of the early women’s
rights movement
• Author of the Declaration of
Sentiments
• Modeled after the Declaration of
Independence
• Presented at the Seneca Falls
Convention (1848)
• Co-founded the National
Woman Suffrage Association
(1869)
Susan B. Anthony
Time Period: 1850s-1920s
Location: Massachusetts
Major Items:
•
•
•
Leader of the early women’s
rights movement
Co-founded the National
Woman Suffrage Association
(1869)
Arrested for voting (1872)
Nat Turner
Time Period: 1831
Location: Virginia
Major Items:
• Led the deadliest slave
rebellion in American
history
• Resulted in new laws
prohibiting the
education of slaves and
restricting the rights of
free blacks
William Lloyd Garrison
Time Period: 1830s-1870s
Location: Massachusetts
Major Items:
• Editor of the abolitionist
newspaper, The Liberator
• Founder of the American AntiSlavery Society
• Called for the immediate
emancipation of all slaves in the
US
Frederick Douglass
Time Period: 1830s-1870s
Location: Massachusetts
Major Items:
• Escaped slave who became a
leader of the abolitionist
movement
James K. Polk
Time Period: 1845-1849
Location: Tennessee
Political Party:
• Democrat
Major Items:
• Oregon Treaty (1846)
• Mexican War (1846-1848)
• Wilmot Proviso (1846)
Stephen A. Douglas
Time Period: 1843-1861
Location: Illinois
Political Party:
• Democrat
Major Items:
• Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
• Lincoln-Douglas Debates
(1858)
• Freeport Doctrine (1858)
John Brown
Time Period: 1856-1859
Location: Kansas & (West)
Virginia
Major Items:
• Pottawatomie Massacre (1856)
• Raid on Harpers Ferry (1859)
Abraham Lincoln
Time Period: 1861-1865
Location: Illinois
Political Parties:
• Republican
• National Union
Major Items:
• Civil War (1861-1865)
• Homestead Act (1862)
• Morrill Land Grant Act (1862)
• Emancipation Proclamation
(1863)
• Gettysburg Address (1863)
• Pacific Railway Act (1863)
• Assassination (1865)
Andrew Johnson
Time Period: 1865-1869
Location: Tennessee
Political Parties:
• Republican
Major Items:
• 13th Amendment (1865)
• Freedman’s Bureau
• Reconstruction Acts (1867) –
•
•
•
•
Vetoed, Overridden
Black Codes
14th Amendment (1868)
Impeachment Trial (1868)
KKK
Thaddeus Stevens
Time Period: 1850s-1860s
Location: Pennsylvania
Political Party:
• Radical Republican
Major Items:
• Most powerful member of the
US House of Representatives
during the Civil War
• Drafted the Fourteenth
Amendment & Reconstruction
Acts (1867)
• Proposed the resolution for
Johnson’s impeachment (1868)
Charles Sumner
Time Period: 1850s-1870s
Location: Massachusetts
Political Party:
• Radical Republican
Major Items:
• Nearly killed by SC Senator
Preston Brooks (1856)
• Worked with Representative
Thaddeus Stevens to block
Johnson’s Reconstruction plans
Crazy Horse
Time Period: 1876-1877
Location: Dakota Territory
Major Items:
• Sioux Leader
• Defeated George A. Custer at
the Battle of Little Bighorn
(1877)
• Commemorated by a
monument in the Black Hills,
SD
Chief Joseph
Time Period: 1877
Location: Oregon Country
Major Items:
• Nez Perce Leader
• Renowned as a humanitarian
and peacemaker
Sitting Bull
Time Period: 1876-1890
Location: Dakota Territory
Major Items:
• Sioux Leader
• Helped to defeat George A.
Custer at the Battle of Little
Bighorn (1877)
• Toured with Buffalo Bill Cody’s
Wild West Show (1884)
• Killed just before the Massacre
at Wounded Knee (1890)
Geronimo
Time Period: 1855-1909
Location: Southwest
Major Items:
• Apache Leader
• Led Native American resistance
against the United States and
Mexico
Gilded Age Presidents
Rutherford B. Hayes (R)
• Great Railroad Strike (1877)
James A. Garfield (R)
• Half-Breeds v. Salwarts
Chester A. Arthur (R)
• Pendleton Act (1883)
Grover Cleveland (D)
• Haymarket Square Riot
(1886)
• Interstate Commerce Act
(1887)
• Dawes Severalty Act (1887)
Benjamin Harrison (R)
• Sherman Anti-Trust Act
(1890)
• McKinley Tariff (1890)
• Homestead Strike (1892)
Grover Cleveland (D)
• Panic of 1893
• Pullman Strike (1894)
• Coxey’s Army (1894)
Thomas Nast
Time Period: 1860s-1880s
Major Items:
• Considered to be the “Father of
the American Cartoon”
• Worked for Harper’s Weekly
• Instrumental in the downfall of
Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall
(1870-1871)
William McKinley
Time Period: 1897-1901
Location: Ohio
Political Parties:
• Republican
Major Items:
• New Imperialism
• Spanish-American War (1898)
• Open Door Policy (1899)
• Boxer Rebellion (1900)
• Assassination (1901)
William Jennings Bryan
Time Period: 1890s-1915
Location: Illinois
Political Parties:
• Populist; Democrat
Major Items:
• Ran for president in 1896,
1900, & 1908
• Promoted free silver, anti-
imperialism, & trust-busting
• Famous for his “Cross of Gold
Speech”
• Argued against teaching
evolution in the Scopes Trial
(1925)
William Randolph Heart
Time Period: 1880s-1930s
Major Items:
• Newspaper publisher –
The New York Journal
• Associated with the creation of
yellow journalism leading up to
the Spanish American War
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Time Period: 1830s-1870s
Major Items:
• US shipping and railroad tycoon
Andrew Carnegie
Time Period: 1870s-1910s
Major Items:
• Founder of Carnegie Steel
Company
• Author of The Gospel of Wealth
in which he described the role
of philanthropy
John D. Rockefeller
Time Period: 1870s-1910s
Major Items:
• Founder of the Standard Oil
Company
J.P. Morgan
Time Period: 1870s-1910s
Major Items:
• American financier and banker
• Supplied the US Treasury with
gold during the Panic of 1893
• Worked to resolve the Panic of
1907
Eugene V. Debs
Time Period: 1880s-1920s
Political Party: Socialist
Major Items:
• Organized the Pullman Strike
(1894)
• Founding member of the
Industrial Workers of the World
(1905)
• Ran for president in 1900, 1904,
1908, 1912, & 1920
• Denounced World War I & was
convicted under the Espionage
Act (1918)
Samuel Gompers
Time Period: 1880s-1920s
Major Items:
• Founded the American Federation
of Labor (1886)
• Supported World War I &
attempted to avoid strikes
Jacob Riis
Time Period: 1880s-1900s
Major Items:
• Muckraker
• Photographed the slums of New
York City
• Published How the Other Half Lives
(1888)
Ida B. Wells
Time Period: 1890s-1900s
Major Items:
• Muckraker
• Documented lynching in the
United States
Upton Sinclair
Time Period: 1900s-1920s
Major Items:
• Muckraker
• Wrote The Jungle
• Exposed the conditions in the
U.S. meatpacking industry
• Led to the Pure Food & Drug
Act and the Meat Inspection
Act (1906)
Jane Addams
Time Period: 1880s-1920s
Major Items:
• Progressive Era reformer
• Leader of the Settlement House
Movement
• Founded Hull House in Chicago
(1889)
• Provided services such as daycare,
education, and healthcare to improve
the lives of the urban poor
Carrie Chapman Catt
Time Period: 1880s-1930s
Major Items:
• Women’s suffrage leader
• Founder of the League of
Women Voters
Booker T. Washington
Time Period: 1880s-1910s
Major Items:
• Leader in the U.S. African
American community
• Wrote Up from Slavery
• President of the Tuskegee
Institute
• Supporter of the Atlanta
Compromise
• Called African Americans to
submit to white rule in exchange
for the guarantee of education
and due process of law
W.E.B. DuBois
Time Period: 1900s-1960s
Major Items:
• Leader in the U.S. African
American community
• Wrote The Souls of Black
Folk
• Co-founder of the NAACP
• Leader of the Niagara
Movement
• Opposed the Atlanta
Compromise
• Insisted on full civil rights and
increased political participation
Marcus Garvey
Time Period: 1910s-1930s
Major Items:
• Leader in the U.S. African
American community
• Supporter of the Back-to-Africa
Movement
Theodore Roosevelt
Time Period: 1901-1909
Location: New York
Political Parties:
• Republican; Progressive (Bull-
Moose)
Major Items:
• Coal Strike (1902)
• Newlands Reclamation Act (1902)
• Panama Canal (1903-1914) –
•
•
•
•
•
•
Gunboat Diplomacy
Roosevelt Corollary (1904)
Portsmouth Treaty (1905) – Nobel
Peace Prize
Pure Food & Drug Act (1906)
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
Hepburn Act (1906)
Gentlemen’s Agreement (1908)
William Howard Taft
Time Period: 1909-1913
Location: Ohio
Political Party:
• Republican
Major Items:
• Dollar Diplomacy
• Anti-Trust Lawsuits
• Paine-Aldrich Tariff (1909)
• Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy
(1910)
Woodrow Wilson
Time Period: 1913-1921
Location: New Jersey
Political Party:
• Democrat
Major Items:
New Freedom – Triple Wall of Privilege
Moral Diplomacy
Underwood Tariff (1913)
Federal Reserve System (1913)
Federal Trade Commission (1914)
Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)
Lusitania (1915)
Fourteen Points (1917)
World War I (1917-1918)
Treaty of Versailles – Lodge
Reservations
• Red Scare (1919-1920)
• Red Summer (1919)
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Henry Cabot Lodge
Time Period: 1890s-1920s
Location: Massachusetts
Political Party:
• Republican
Major Items:
• U.S. Senator
• Supported American Imperialism
• Argued for immigration
restrictions – 100% Americanism
• Opposed the Treaty of Versailles
- Lodge Reservations (1919)
1920s Presidents
Warren Harding (R)
• Teapot Dome Scandal (1922-
1932)
Calvin Coolidge (R)
• National Origins Act (1924)
• Dawes Plan (1924)
• Scopes Trial (1925)
• Sacco & Vanzetti Executions
(1927)
• Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)
Herbert Hoover (R)
• Stock Market Crash (1929)
• Great Depression
• Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930)
Reconstruction Finance
Corporation (1932)
• Bonus Army (1932)
• Stimson Doctrine (1932)
Sacco & Vanzetti
Time Period: 1920s
Major Items:
• Italian immigrants and suspected anarchists
• Convicted of murdering two men during a 1920
armed robbery
• Executed in 1927
• Considered by many to be representative of a fear
and prejudice of the period
Henry Ford
Time Period: 1900s1920s
Major Items:
• Founder of the Ford
Motor Company
• Helped to develop the
assembly line
technique of mass
production
• Manufactured the first
automobile most
Americans could afford
to buy
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Time Period: 1933-1945
Location: New York
Political Party:
• Democrat
Major Items:
• New Deal – Relief, Recovery,
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Reform
Neutrality Acts
Arsenal of Democracy Speech
(1940)
Four Freedoms Speech (1941)
Lend Lease Act (1941)
Atlantic Charter (1941)
World War II (1941-1945)
Executive Order 9066 –
Japanese Internment (1942)
Tehran Conference (1943)
Yalta Conference (1945)
George Marshall
Time Period: 1910s1950s
Major Items:
• American military leader
• Army Chief of Staff and
military advisor to Roosevelt
during World War II
• Namesake of the Marshall
Plan to help rebuild Europe
after the war
Douglas MacArthur
Time Period: 1930s-1950s
Major Items:
• American military leader
• Led the Philippines Campaign
in World War II (1941-1942)
• Oversaw the occupation of
Japan (1945-1951)
• Led the UN command in the
Korean War until he was
removed for his public criticism
of Truman’s policies (1951)
Harry S. Truman
Time Period: 1945-1953
Location: Missouri
Political Party:
• Democrat
Major Items:
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Atomic Bomb (1945)
Taft-Hartley Act 1947)
Truman Doctrine (1947)
Marshall Plan (1947)
Desegregation of the
Armed Forced (1948)
• Berlin Crisis (1948-49)
• NATO (1949)
• Korean War (1950-53)
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Time Period: 1953-1961
Location: Kansas
Political Party:
• Republican
Major Items:
• Brown v. Board of Education
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•
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•
(1954)
Federal Highway Act (1955)
Montgomery Bus Boycott
(1955)
Suez Crisis (1956)
Sputnik (1957)
Little Rock Nine (1957)
Eisenhower Doctrine (1958)
U-2 Incident (1960)
Greensboro Sit-Ins (1960)
Joseph McCarthy
Time Period: 1940s1950s
Political Party:
• Republican
Major Items:
• Claimed that there
were large numbers
of Communist &
Soviet spies in the
U.S. government
• Led to the Army-
McCarthy Hearings
(1954)
Earl Warren
Time Period: 1950s1960s
Accomplishments:
• Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court
• Worked to increase the
power of the Supreme
Court
• Brown v. Board of Education
•
•
•
•
(1954)
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Reynolds v. Sims (1964)
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
John F. Kennedy
Time Period: 1961-1963
Location: Massachusetts
Political Party:
• Democrat
Major Items:
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New Frontier
Alliance for Progress (1961)
Peace Corps (1961)
Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961)
Berlin Wall (1961)
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
(1963)
• Assassination (1963)
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Time Period: 1950s-1960s
Major Items:
• Leader of the Civil Rights
Movement
• Helped found the Southern
Christian Leadership
Conference
• Key figure in the following:
• Montgomery Bus Boycott
(1955)
• March on Washington (1963)
• Selma to Montgomery March
(1965)
Malcolm X
Time Period: 1950s-1960s
Major Items:
• Leader in the U.S. African
American community
• Leader of the Nation of
Islam
• Advocated for complete
separation of African Americans
from whites by any means
necessary
• Softened his views after splitting
from the group and traveling to
Mecca
Lyndon B. Johnson
Time Period: 1963-1969
Location: Texas
Political Party:
• Democrat
Major Items:
• Great Society – War on
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•
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Poverty, Medicare,
Medicaid
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Long Hot Summer (1967)
Tet Offensive (1968)
Richard M. Nixon
Time Period: 1969-1974
Location: California
Political Party:
• Republican
Major Items:
• Imperial Presidency
• Nixon Doctrine –
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•
Vietnamization (1969-1973)
Moon Landing (1969)
Environmental Protection
Agency (1970)
Visit to China (1972)
Visit to Russia (1972)
SALT I (1972)
Wounded Knee (1973)
Watergate Scandal (19721974)
Henry Kissinger
Time Period: 1960spresent
Major Items:
• National Security
Advisor and Secretary
of State in the Nixon
and Ford
administrations
• Pioneered the policy of
détente with the USSR
• Orchestrated the opening
of relations with China
• Negotiated the Paris
Peace Accords
Gerald Ford
Time Period: 1974-1977
Location: Michigan
Political Party:
• Republican
Major Items:
• Stagflation
• Nixon Pardon (1974)
• Mayaguez Incident (1975)
• Helsinki Conference (1975)
Jimmy Carter
Time Period: 19771981
Location: Georgia
Political Party:
• Democrat
Major Items:
• Stagflation
• Camp David Accords
(1978)
• Iran Hostage Crisis
(1979-1980)
Rachel Carson
Time Period: 1960s1970s
Major Items:
• Leader of the U.S.
environmental
movement
• Author of Silent Spring
(1962)
• Led to a nationwide ban
on DDT and other
pesticides
Betty Friedan
Time Period: 1960s-1970s
Major Items:
• Leader in the American
women’s movement
• Author of The Feminine
Mystique (1963)
• President of the National
Organization for Women
(NOW)
Gloria Steinem
Time Period: 1960s-present
Major Items:
• Leader in the American
women’s movement
• Co-founder of Ms. magazine
Ronald Reagan
Time Period: 1981-1989
Location: California
Political Party:
• Republican
Major Items:
• Reaganomics – Supply-Side
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Economics
Assassination Attempt (1981)
Invasions of Beirut & Grenada
(1983), Nicaragua (1984)
Reagan Doctrine
Strategic Defense Initiative –
Star Wars (1984)
War on Drugs (1986)
Libya Bombing (1986)
Iran-Contra Affair (1986-1987)
INF Treaty (1987)
George H.W. Bush
Time Period: 1989-1993
Location: Texas
Political Party:
• Republican
Major Items:
• Fall of the Berlin Wall
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•
•
(1989)
Revolutions in Europe
(1989)
Americans with Disabilities
Act (1990)
Savings and Loan Scandal
(1990)
Invasion of Panama (1990)
Gulf War (1991)
Fall of the Soviet Union
(1991)
Bill Clinton
Time Period: 1993-2001
Location: Arkansas
Political Party:
• Democrat
Major Items:
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Family and Medical Leave Act (1993)
Brady Bill (1993)
Oslo Accords (1993)
Battle of Mogadishu – Black Hawk
Down (1993)
“Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” (1993)
North America Free Trade Agreement
- NAFTA (1994)
General Agreement of Tariffs and
Trade – GATT (1994)
Dayton Accords (1995)
Welfare Reform (1996)
Defense of Marriage Act (1996)
Balanced Budget Agreement (1997)
Impeachment Trial (1998)`