AP US HISTORY Trading Cards John Smith Time Period: Early 1600s Location: Jamestown, VA Major Items: • No work, no food policy • Credited with saving the Jamestown Colony John Rolfe Time Period: Early 1600s Location: Jamestown, VA Major Items: • Developed a new strain of tobacco that flourished in VA; made the colony profitable John Winthrop Time Period: 1630s Location: MA Bay Colony Major Items: • Governor • Gave the famous “Model of Christian Charity” sermon • Compared the colony to a “City upon a hill” Anne Hutchinson Time Period: 1630s-40s Location: MA – RI – NY Major Items: • Challenged the authority of the Puritan church • Put on trial; banished Roger Williams Time Period: 1630s-40s Location: Providence, RI Major Items: • Argued for the separation of church & state and fair dealings with Native Americans • Put on trial; banished • Founded the Baptist Church in America Metacom (King Philip) Time Period: 1660s-1670s Location: New England Major Items: • Chief of the Wampanoag Indians • Led the Native Americans against the colonists in King Philip’s War (1675-1678) Jonathan Edwards Time Period: 1730s-50s Location: New England Major Items: • First Great Awakening • Gave the famous “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” sermon (1741) • Regarded as an example of “fire & brimstone” preaching George Whitefield Time Period: 1730s-50s Location: New England Major Items: • First Great Awakening • Regarded as the best known preacher in North America Benjamin Franklin Time Period: 1750s1780s Location: Philadelphia Major Items: • Proposed the Albany Plan of Union (1754) • Delegate to the Second Continental Congress (1775-1776) • Ambassador to France (1776-1785) • Delegate to the Constitutional Convention (1787) George Washington Time Period: 1789-1797 Location: Virginia Major Items: • Commander of the Continental Army • President • Hamilton’s Financial Plan • Whiskey Rebellion (1791) • Jay Treaty (1795) • Treaty of Greenville (1795) • Pinckney Treaty (1795) • Farewell Address (1796) Alexander Hamilton Time Period: 1786-1804 Location: New York Political Party: Federalist Major Items: • Constitutional Convention • Federalist Papers (1787-88) • Secretary of the Treasury • First Bank of the United States • Excise tax • Helped to defeat Aaron Burr • Election of 1800 • New York Governor (1804) John Adams Time Period: 1797-1801 Location: Massachusetts Political Party: Federalist Major Items: • X, Y, Z Affair (1797) • Quasi-War (1798-1800) • Alien & Sedition Acts (1798) • Midnight Judges (1801) Thomas Jefferson Time Period: 1801-1809 Location: Virginia Political Party: DemocratRepublican Major Items: • Declaration of Independence (1776) • KY & VA Resolutions (1798-99) • President • Marbury v. Madison (1803) • Louisiana Purchase (1803) • Lewis & Clark Expedition (1804-05) • 12th Amendment (1804) • Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807) • Embargo Act (1807) • Nonintercourse Act (1809) John Marshall Time Period: Early 1800s Political Party: Federalist Accomplishments: • Chief Justice of the Supreme Court • Worked to increase the power of the national government • Marbury v. Madison • Fletcher v. Peck • McCulloch v. Maryland James Madison Time Period: 1809-1817 Location: Virginia Political Party: DemocraticRepublican Major Items: • Father of the Constitution • Federalist Papers (1787-88) • Bill of Rights (1791) • KY & VA Resolutions (1798-99) • President • Macon’s Bill #2 (1810) • War of 1812 Tecumseh Time Period: Early 1800s Location: Old Northwest Major Items: • Attempted to organize Native Americans in their fight against the US • Lost to William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe • Died at the Battle of the Thames (War of 1812) James Monroe Time Period: 1817-1825 Location: Virginia Political Parties: • Democratic-Republican Major Items: • “Era of Good Feelings” • Panic of 1819 • Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) • Missouri Compromise (1820) • Monroe Doctrine (1823) Henry Clay Time Period: 1812-1850 Location: Kentucky (West) Political Parties: • Democratic-Republican • National Republican • Whig Major Items: • Great Triumvirate • War Hawk (War of 1812) • American System • Missouri Compromise (1820) • “Corrupt Bargain” (1824) • Tariff of 1833 • Compromise of 1850 John C. Calhoun Time Period: 1812-1850 Location: South Carolina Political Parties: • Democratic-Republican • Democrat Major Items: • Great Triumvirate • War Hawk (War of 1812) • Nullification Crisis (1832) • “Positive Good” Doctrine (1837) Daniel Webster Time Period: 1812-1850 Location: New England Political Parties: • Federalist • Whig Major Items: • Great Triumvirate • Webster-Hayne Debate (1830) • Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842) • “Seventh of March” Speech (1850) Andrew Jackson Time Period: 1829-1837 Location: Tennessee Political Parties: • Democrat Major Items: • Cabinet Crisis • Spoils System • Indian Removal Act (1830) • Nullification Crisis (1832) • Bank War (1832) Samuel Slater Time Period: 1790s-1820s Location: RI and MA Major Items: • “Father of the American Factory System” Eli Whitney Time Period: 1790s-1820s Location: Massachusetts Major Items: • Invented the cotton gin; strengthened the economic foundation of slavery in the American South • Popularized the used of interchangeable parts in the production of muskets Robert Fulton Time Period: 1790s-1810s Location: Pennsylvania Major Items: • Developed the first commercially successful steamboat Samuel F. B. Morse Time Period: 1830s-1840s Location: Massachusetts Major Items: • Contributed to the invention of the telegraph system • Co-inventor of Morse code Ralph Waldo Emerson Time Period: 1830s-1840s Location: Massachusetts Major Items: • Leader of the Transcendentalist Movement • Author of Nature, The American Scholar, and Self-Reliance • Developed ideas about individuality and freedom Henry David Thoreau Time Period: 1830s-1860s Location: Massachusetts Major Items: • Leader of the Transcendentalist Movement • Author of Walden and Civil Disobedience • Argued for individual resistance to an unjust government • Abolitionist who argued against the Fugitive Slave Law and defended John Brown Charles Finney Time Period: 1820s-1830s Location: Ohio Major Items: • Leader of the Second Great Awakening • Abolitionist Elizabeth Cady Stanton Time Period: 1840s-1890s Location: New York Major Items: • Leader of the early women’s rights movement • Author of the Declaration of Sentiments • Modeled after the Declaration of Independence • Presented at the Seneca Falls Convention (1848) • Co-founded the National Woman Suffrage Association (1869) Susan B. Anthony Time Period: 1850s-1920s Location: Massachusetts Major Items: • • • Leader of the early women’s rights movement Co-founded the National Woman Suffrage Association (1869) Arrested for voting (1872) Nat Turner Time Period: 1831 Location: Virginia Major Items: • Led the deadliest slave rebellion in American history • Resulted in new laws prohibiting the education of slaves and restricting the rights of free blacks William Lloyd Garrison Time Period: 1830s-1870s Location: Massachusetts Major Items: • Editor of the abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator • Founder of the American AntiSlavery Society • Called for the immediate emancipation of all slaves in the US Frederick Douglass Time Period: 1830s-1870s Location: Massachusetts Major Items: • Escaped slave who became a leader of the abolitionist movement James K. Polk Time Period: 1845-1849 Location: Tennessee Political Party: • Democrat Major Items: • Oregon Treaty (1846) • Mexican War (1846-1848) • Wilmot Proviso (1846) Stephen A. Douglas Time Period: 1843-1861 Location: Illinois Political Party: • Democrat Major Items: • Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) • Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) • Freeport Doctrine (1858) John Brown Time Period: 1856-1859 Location: Kansas & (West) Virginia Major Items: • Pottawatomie Massacre (1856) • Raid on Harpers Ferry (1859) Abraham Lincoln Time Period: 1861-1865 Location: Illinois Political Parties: • Republican • National Union Major Items: • Civil War (1861-1865) • Homestead Act (1862) • Morrill Land Grant Act (1862) • Emancipation Proclamation (1863) • Gettysburg Address (1863) • Pacific Railway Act (1863) • Assassination (1865) Andrew Johnson Time Period: 1865-1869 Location: Tennessee Political Parties: • Republican Major Items: • 13th Amendment (1865) • Freedman’s Bureau • Reconstruction Acts (1867) – • • • • Vetoed, Overridden Black Codes 14th Amendment (1868) Impeachment Trial (1868) KKK Thaddeus Stevens Time Period: 1850s-1860s Location: Pennsylvania Political Party: • Radical Republican Major Items: • Most powerful member of the US House of Representatives during the Civil War • Drafted the Fourteenth Amendment & Reconstruction Acts (1867) • Proposed the resolution for Johnson’s impeachment (1868) Charles Sumner Time Period: 1850s-1870s Location: Massachusetts Political Party: • Radical Republican Major Items: • Nearly killed by SC Senator Preston Brooks (1856) • Worked with Representative Thaddeus Stevens to block Johnson’s Reconstruction plans Crazy Horse Time Period: 1876-1877 Location: Dakota Territory Major Items: • Sioux Leader • Defeated George A. Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn (1877) • Commemorated by a monument in the Black Hills, SD Chief Joseph Time Period: 1877 Location: Oregon Country Major Items: • Nez Perce Leader • Renowned as a humanitarian and peacemaker Sitting Bull Time Period: 1876-1890 Location: Dakota Territory Major Items: • Sioux Leader • Helped to defeat George A. Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn (1877) • Toured with Buffalo Bill Cody’s Wild West Show (1884) • Killed just before the Massacre at Wounded Knee (1890) Geronimo Time Period: 1855-1909 Location: Southwest Major Items: • Apache Leader • Led Native American resistance against the United States and Mexico Gilded Age Presidents Rutherford B. Hayes (R) • Great Railroad Strike (1877) James A. Garfield (R) • Half-Breeds v. Salwarts Chester A. Arthur (R) • Pendleton Act (1883) Grover Cleveland (D) • Haymarket Square Riot (1886) • Interstate Commerce Act (1887) • Dawes Severalty Act (1887) Benjamin Harrison (R) • Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) • McKinley Tariff (1890) • Homestead Strike (1892) Grover Cleveland (D) • Panic of 1893 • Pullman Strike (1894) • Coxey’s Army (1894) Thomas Nast Time Period: 1860s-1880s Major Items: • Considered to be the “Father of the American Cartoon” • Worked for Harper’s Weekly • Instrumental in the downfall of Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall (1870-1871) William McKinley Time Period: 1897-1901 Location: Ohio Political Parties: • Republican Major Items: • New Imperialism • Spanish-American War (1898) • Open Door Policy (1899) • Boxer Rebellion (1900) • Assassination (1901) William Jennings Bryan Time Period: 1890s-1915 Location: Illinois Political Parties: • Populist; Democrat Major Items: • Ran for president in 1896, 1900, & 1908 • Promoted free silver, anti- imperialism, & trust-busting • Famous for his “Cross of Gold Speech” • Argued against teaching evolution in the Scopes Trial (1925) William Randolph Heart Time Period: 1880s-1930s Major Items: • Newspaper publisher – The New York Journal • Associated with the creation of yellow journalism leading up to the Spanish American War Cornelius Vanderbilt Time Period: 1830s-1870s Major Items: • US shipping and railroad tycoon Andrew Carnegie Time Period: 1870s-1910s Major Items: • Founder of Carnegie Steel Company • Author of The Gospel of Wealth in which he described the role of philanthropy John D. Rockefeller Time Period: 1870s-1910s Major Items: • Founder of the Standard Oil Company J.P. Morgan Time Period: 1870s-1910s Major Items: • American financier and banker • Supplied the US Treasury with gold during the Panic of 1893 • Worked to resolve the Panic of 1907 Eugene V. Debs Time Period: 1880s-1920s Political Party: Socialist Major Items: • Organized the Pullman Strike (1894) • Founding member of the Industrial Workers of the World (1905) • Ran for president in 1900, 1904, 1908, 1912, & 1920 • Denounced World War I & was convicted under the Espionage Act (1918) Samuel Gompers Time Period: 1880s-1920s Major Items: • Founded the American Federation of Labor (1886) • Supported World War I & attempted to avoid strikes Jacob Riis Time Period: 1880s-1900s Major Items: • Muckraker • Photographed the slums of New York City • Published How the Other Half Lives (1888) Ida B. Wells Time Period: 1890s-1900s Major Items: • Muckraker • Documented lynching in the United States Upton Sinclair Time Period: 1900s-1920s Major Items: • Muckraker • Wrote The Jungle • Exposed the conditions in the U.S. meatpacking industry • Led to the Pure Food & Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act (1906) Jane Addams Time Period: 1880s-1920s Major Items: • Progressive Era reformer • Leader of the Settlement House Movement • Founded Hull House in Chicago (1889) • Provided services such as daycare, education, and healthcare to improve the lives of the urban poor Carrie Chapman Catt Time Period: 1880s-1930s Major Items: • Women’s suffrage leader • Founder of the League of Women Voters Booker T. Washington Time Period: 1880s-1910s Major Items: • Leader in the U.S. African American community • Wrote Up from Slavery • President of the Tuskegee Institute • Supporter of the Atlanta Compromise • Called African Americans to submit to white rule in exchange for the guarantee of education and due process of law W.E.B. DuBois Time Period: 1900s-1960s Major Items: • Leader in the U.S. African American community • Wrote The Souls of Black Folk • Co-founder of the NAACP • Leader of the Niagara Movement • Opposed the Atlanta Compromise • Insisted on full civil rights and increased political participation Marcus Garvey Time Period: 1910s-1930s Major Items: • Leader in the U.S. African American community • Supporter of the Back-to-Africa Movement Theodore Roosevelt Time Period: 1901-1909 Location: New York Political Parties: • Republican; Progressive (Bull- Moose) Major Items: • Coal Strike (1902) • Newlands Reclamation Act (1902) • Panama Canal (1903-1914) – • • • • • • Gunboat Diplomacy Roosevelt Corollary (1904) Portsmouth Treaty (1905) – Nobel Peace Prize Pure Food & Drug Act (1906) Meat Inspection Act (1906) Hepburn Act (1906) Gentlemen’s Agreement (1908) William Howard Taft Time Period: 1909-1913 Location: Ohio Political Party: • Republican Major Items: • Dollar Diplomacy • Anti-Trust Lawsuits • Paine-Aldrich Tariff (1909) • Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy (1910) Woodrow Wilson Time Period: 1913-1921 Location: New Jersey Political Party: • Democrat Major Items: New Freedom – Triple Wall of Privilege Moral Diplomacy Underwood Tariff (1913) Federal Reserve System (1913) Federal Trade Commission (1914) Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914) Lusitania (1915) Fourteen Points (1917) World War I (1917-1918) Treaty of Versailles – Lodge Reservations • Red Scare (1919-1920) • Red Summer (1919) • • • • • • • • • • Henry Cabot Lodge Time Period: 1890s-1920s Location: Massachusetts Political Party: • Republican Major Items: • U.S. Senator • Supported American Imperialism • Argued for immigration restrictions – 100% Americanism • Opposed the Treaty of Versailles - Lodge Reservations (1919) 1920s Presidents Warren Harding (R) • Teapot Dome Scandal (1922- 1932) Calvin Coolidge (R) • National Origins Act (1924) • Dawes Plan (1924) • Scopes Trial (1925) • Sacco & Vanzetti Executions (1927) • Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) Herbert Hoover (R) • Stock Market Crash (1929) • Great Depression • Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930) Reconstruction Finance Corporation (1932) • Bonus Army (1932) • Stimson Doctrine (1932) Sacco & Vanzetti Time Period: 1920s Major Items: • Italian immigrants and suspected anarchists • Convicted of murdering two men during a 1920 armed robbery • Executed in 1927 • Considered by many to be representative of a fear and prejudice of the period Henry Ford Time Period: 1900s1920s Major Items: • Founder of the Ford Motor Company • Helped to develop the assembly line technique of mass production • Manufactured the first automobile most Americans could afford to buy Franklin D. Roosevelt Time Period: 1933-1945 Location: New York Political Party: • Democrat Major Items: • New Deal – Relief, Recovery, • • • • • • • • • Reform Neutrality Acts Arsenal of Democracy Speech (1940) Four Freedoms Speech (1941) Lend Lease Act (1941) Atlantic Charter (1941) World War II (1941-1945) Executive Order 9066 – Japanese Internment (1942) Tehran Conference (1943) Yalta Conference (1945) George Marshall Time Period: 1910s1950s Major Items: • American military leader • Army Chief of Staff and military advisor to Roosevelt during World War II • Namesake of the Marshall Plan to help rebuild Europe after the war Douglas MacArthur Time Period: 1930s-1950s Major Items: • American military leader • Led the Philippines Campaign in World War II (1941-1942) • Oversaw the occupation of Japan (1945-1951) • Led the UN command in the Korean War until he was removed for his public criticism of Truman’s policies (1951) Harry S. Truman Time Period: 1945-1953 Location: Missouri Political Party: • Democrat Major Items: • • • • • Atomic Bomb (1945) Taft-Hartley Act 1947) Truman Doctrine (1947) Marshall Plan (1947) Desegregation of the Armed Forced (1948) • Berlin Crisis (1948-49) • NATO (1949) • Korean War (1950-53) Dwight D. Eisenhower Time Period: 1953-1961 Location: Kansas Political Party: • Republican Major Items: • Brown v. Board of Education • • • • • • • • (1954) Federal Highway Act (1955) Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955) Suez Crisis (1956) Sputnik (1957) Little Rock Nine (1957) Eisenhower Doctrine (1958) U-2 Incident (1960) Greensboro Sit-Ins (1960) Joseph McCarthy Time Period: 1940s1950s Political Party: • Republican Major Items: • Claimed that there were large numbers of Communist & Soviet spies in the U.S. government • Led to the Army- McCarthy Hearings (1954) Earl Warren Time Period: 1950s1960s Accomplishments: • Chief Justice of the Supreme Court • Worked to increase the power of the Supreme Court • Brown v. Board of Education • • • • (1954) Engel v. Vitale (1962) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) Reynolds v. Sims (1964) Miranda v. Arizona (1966) John F. Kennedy Time Period: 1961-1963 Location: Massachusetts Political Party: • Democrat Major Items: • • • • • • • New Frontier Alliance for Progress (1961) Peace Corps (1961) Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961) Berlin Wall (1961) Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963) • Assassination (1963) Martin Luther King, Jr. Time Period: 1950s-1960s Major Items: • Leader of the Civil Rights Movement • Helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference • Key figure in the following: • Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955) • March on Washington (1963) • Selma to Montgomery March (1965) Malcolm X Time Period: 1950s-1960s Major Items: • Leader in the U.S. African American community • Leader of the Nation of Islam • Advocated for complete separation of African Americans from whites by any means necessary • Softened his views after splitting from the group and traveling to Mecca Lyndon B. Johnson Time Period: 1963-1969 Location: Texas Political Party: • Democrat Major Items: • Great Society – War on • • • • Poverty, Medicare, Medicaid Civil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act of 1965 Long Hot Summer (1967) Tet Offensive (1968) Richard M. Nixon Time Period: 1969-1974 Location: California Political Party: • Republican Major Items: • Imperial Presidency • Nixon Doctrine – • • • • • • • Vietnamization (1969-1973) Moon Landing (1969) Environmental Protection Agency (1970) Visit to China (1972) Visit to Russia (1972) SALT I (1972) Wounded Knee (1973) Watergate Scandal (19721974) Henry Kissinger Time Period: 1960spresent Major Items: • National Security Advisor and Secretary of State in the Nixon and Ford administrations • Pioneered the policy of détente with the USSR • Orchestrated the opening of relations with China • Negotiated the Paris Peace Accords Gerald Ford Time Period: 1974-1977 Location: Michigan Political Party: • Republican Major Items: • Stagflation • Nixon Pardon (1974) • Mayaguez Incident (1975) • Helsinki Conference (1975) Jimmy Carter Time Period: 19771981 Location: Georgia Political Party: • Democrat Major Items: • Stagflation • Camp David Accords (1978) • Iran Hostage Crisis (1979-1980) Rachel Carson Time Period: 1960s1970s Major Items: • Leader of the U.S. environmental movement • Author of Silent Spring (1962) • Led to a nationwide ban on DDT and other pesticides Betty Friedan Time Period: 1960s-1970s Major Items: • Leader in the American women’s movement • Author of The Feminine Mystique (1963) • President of the National Organization for Women (NOW) Gloria Steinem Time Period: 1960s-present Major Items: • Leader in the American women’s movement • Co-founder of Ms. magazine Ronald Reagan Time Period: 1981-1989 Location: California Political Party: • Republican Major Items: • Reaganomics – Supply-Side • • • • • • • • Economics Assassination Attempt (1981) Invasions of Beirut & Grenada (1983), Nicaragua (1984) Reagan Doctrine Strategic Defense Initiative – Star Wars (1984) War on Drugs (1986) Libya Bombing (1986) Iran-Contra Affair (1986-1987) INF Treaty (1987) George H.W. Bush Time Period: 1989-1993 Location: Texas Political Party: • Republican Major Items: • Fall of the Berlin Wall • • • • • • (1989) Revolutions in Europe (1989) Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) Savings and Loan Scandal (1990) Invasion of Panama (1990) Gulf War (1991) Fall of the Soviet Union (1991) Bill Clinton Time Period: 1993-2001 Location: Arkansas Political Party: • Democrat Major Items: • • • • • • • • • • • • Family and Medical Leave Act (1993) Brady Bill (1993) Oslo Accords (1993) Battle of Mogadishu – Black Hawk Down (1993) “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” (1993) North America Free Trade Agreement - NAFTA (1994) General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade – GATT (1994) Dayton Accords (1995) Welfare Reform (1996) Defense of Marriage Act (1996) Balanced Budget Agreement (1997) Impeachment Trial (1998)`