UNIT 5
CHAPTER 22 – CRASH AND DEPRESSION
CHAPTER 23 – THE NEW DEAL
THE GREAT
DEPRESSION
America: Pathways to the Present
Chapter 23
The New Deal
(1933–1941)
PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED
STATES
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George Washington; Federalist (1788)
John Adams; Federalist (1796)
Thomas Jefferson (1800)
James Madison (1808)
James Monroe (1816)
John Quincy Adams (1824)
Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828)
Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836)
William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840)
John Tyler; Whig (1841)
James K. Polk; Democrat (1844)
Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848)
Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850)
Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852)
James Buchanan; Democrat (1856)
Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860)
Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865)
Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868)
Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876)
James Garfield; Republican (1880)
#21 - …
Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881)
Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884)
Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888)
Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)
William McKinley; Republican (1896)
Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901)
William Howard Taft; Republican (1908)
Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912)
Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920)
Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923)
Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928)
Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democrat (1932)
OBJECTIVES
 CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the causes/effects of the Great Depression as well as the
costs/benefits of the New Deal
 Objective 5.5: Describe the programs and areas of reform for the New Deal.
 Objective 5.6: What were the main criticisms, setbacks, and limitations of New Deal policies?
 Objective 5.7: Describe effects the New Deal had on American culture and lasting
effects on American society.
 THEME: President Roosevelt’s New Deal proved to be only partially successful at
ending the Great Depression. Though critics were quick to point out the New Deal’s
many failures, it was hard to argue against its resounding success in bringing hope
to the nation and creating a lasting influence on social and political attitudes.
America: Pathways to the Present
Chapter 23: The New Deal (1933–1941)
Section 1: Forging a New Deal
Section 2: The New Deal’s Critics
Section 3: Last Days of the New Deal
CHAPTER 23 SECTION 3 –
LAST DAY’S OF THE NEW
DEAL
Ultimately, the New Deal did not end the Great
Depression. Yet it had many lasting effects on American
Life
THE RECESSION OF 1937
 In August 1937, the economy collapsed again. Industrial production and employment levels fell.
 The nation entered a recession, a period of slow business activity.
o The new Social Security tax was partly to blame.
o The tax came directly out of workers’ paychecks, through payroll deductions.
o With less money in their pockets, Americans bought fewer goods.
 Americans also had less money because FDR had to cut back on expensive programs such as the
WPA.
 The President had become concerned about the rising national debt, or the total amount of money
the federal government borrows and has to pay back.
 The government borrows when its revenue, or income, does not keep up with its expenses.
 To fund the New Deal, the government had to borrow massive amounts of money.
 As a result the national debt rose from $21 billion in 1933 to $43 billion by 1940.
THE NEW DEAL’S EFFECTS ON
CULTURE
 Literature: Pearl Buck’s The Good Earth (1931), Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God
(1937), and John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath (1939) were all Depression-era novels that were
destined to become classics. Steinbeck’s novel followed a Dust Bowl family looking for new life in
California.
 Radio and Movies: Radio became a major source of entertainment with comedy shows and the first
soap operas.
o Movies also gave Americans a needed escape from hard times.
o For a quarter, customers could see a double feature or take the whole family to a drive-in theater.
o Some films of the day were Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, The Marx Brothers’ Duck Soup and Monkey
Business, and The Wizard of Oz.
 The WPA and the Arts: FDR believed that the arts were not luxuries.
 He earmarked WPA funds to support unemployed artists, musicians, historians, theater people, and writers.
LASTING NEW DEAL
ACHIEVEMENTS
 The New Deal had a profound effect on American life.
o Voters began to expect a President to formulate programs and solve problems.
o People accepted government intervention in their lives.
o Workers demanded more changes in the workplace.
o The New Deal also left a physical legacy with monuments that dot the American landscape.
 Many New Deal bridges, dams, tunnels, public buildings, and hospitals exist to this day.
o Some federal agencies such as the Tennessee Valley Authority and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation have also
endured.
 The Social Security system has gone through some changes, but is a part of the lives of all
Americans.
 Perhaps the New Deal’s greatest achievement was to restore a sense of hope to the nation.
LAST DAYS OF THE NEW DEAL—
ASSESSMENT
What act legalized collective bargaining?
(A) Wagner Act
(B) Fair Labor Standards Act
(C) Glass-Steagal Act
(D) Emergency Banking Act
______________ Was partly to blame for the 1937 recession.
(A) The WPA
(B) The development of the CIO
(C) The Social Security tax
(D) Senator Huey Long’s Share-Our-Wealth program
LAST DAYS OF THE NEW DEAL—
ASSESSMENT
What act legalized collective bargaining?
(A) Wagner Act
(B) Fair Labor Standards Act
(C) Glass-Steagal Act
(D) Emergency Banking Act
______________ Was partly to blame for the 1937 recession.
(A) The WPA
(B) The development of the CIO
(C) The Social Security tax
(D) Senator Huey Long’s Share-Our-Wealth program