Agenda 10/14
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Bellwork (back)
Lab report- review format, time to type,
get peer feedback, due Thursday
Cell organelle flashcards- due Thursday
Agenda 10/15- CP Biology
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Bellwork- MCAS questions
New Information: Viruses, cell structure
and function
Activity: finish flashcards
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HW- finish lab report (and flashcards, if
needed)
Agenda 10/16- Honors Biology
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Bellwork- MCAS questions
New Information: Viruses, cell structure
and function
Activity: cell analogy worksheet (due
Fri)
Viruses
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Generally not considered living things
because they lack cell structure and cannot
reproduce on their own.
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Millions or more, very diverse
Viruses
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Protein shell, DNA or RNA, some have a lipid
layer
Insert into cells, some enter lysogenic cycle
(viral DNA inserts into cell’s DNA), then
escape via lysis (bursting of the cell)
Viral Infections
Two rotaviruses: the one on the right is
coated with antibodies that stop its
attaching to cells and infecting them
Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Outline
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Cell Theory
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
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Organelles
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Containing DNA
Endosymbiosis
Plant Cells
Animal Cells
Cell Theory
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All organisms are composed of one or
more cells.
Cells are the smallest living units of all
living organisms.
Cells arise only by division of a
previously existing cell.
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Cells come from other cells.
Characteristics of All Cells
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Genetic material- DNA
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Prokaryotes: circular; free-floating
Eukaryotes: linear; located in the nucleus
Cytoplasm fills cell interior (aka cytosol)
Cell membrane encloses the cell
Ribosomes- site of protein production
Cytoskeleton- support, transport, etc
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Prokaryotic Cells
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Simplest organisms,
smaller in size
 Cytoplasm
 Cell Membrane
 DNA (circular)
 Ribosomes
 Cytoskeleton
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Cell Wall
(peptidoglycan),
some with capsulesprotection
NO NUCLEUS but
have a nucleoidpart of cytoplasm
where DNA is found
and chemical
reactions take place
NO membranebound organelles
All unicellular
Prokaryotic Cells
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Some use flagellum for locomotion (also
present in some eukaryotes)
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threadlike structures protruding from cell
surface; function= movement
Generalized Prokaryotic Cell
(no nucleus; all bacteria are prokaryotes)
Ribosome
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Flagellum
Pilus
DNA (circular)
Generalized Eukaryotic Cellhas a nucleus and organelles;
includes all plant, animal, fungi, protozoa cells
Eukaryotic Cells
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Nucleus
Membrane-bound organelles
Linear DNA- in nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall (in SOME, not all)
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plants- cellulose, fungi- chitin
NOT IN ANIMAL CELLS!
Cytoskeleton
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
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Smaller
No nucleus- freefloating circular DNA
Cell walls
No membranebound organelles
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
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Larger
Nucleus with linear
DNA
Cell walls in some
(plants, fungi)
Membrane-bound
organelles
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
Agenda 10/17- Honors Biology
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Bellwork- finish page, turn in
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Cell structure review (flashcards)
Cell lab
HW- finish lab; start coloring (due
Tuesday)- colors are posted on website
(cardozabio.weebly.com)
1. Cell Membrane
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(aka plasma membrane)
Made of lipids and proteins
Holds in the cytoplasm, helps maintain
cell’s homeostasis
Controls what enters/leaves cell
Lipid bilayer
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
2. Nucleus
Nickname: “The Control Center”
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Function: holds the DNA, controls cell
activities
3. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the
nucleus; makes ribosomal RNA
Nucleus bound by two phospholipid bilayer
membranes
 nuclear envelope- has nuclear pores to
control what enters/leaves
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Nucleus
Chromosomes
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DNA of eukaryotes is divided into linear
chromosomes.
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exist as strands of chromatin, except during cell
division
4. Cytoplasm (aka cytosol)
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Clear jelly-like material between cell
membrane and nucleus
Helps keep cell shape
Contains the organelles
5. Cytoskeleton
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Network of protein fibers supporting cell
shape and anchoring organelles
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Actin filaments
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Microtubules
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cell movement
Centrioles- organize cell division
Intermediate filaments
Cytoskeleton
Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Section 7-2
Go to
Section:
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
6. Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Network of canals running through cell:
cellular highway- moves materials around
cell
2 Types:
- Rough ER:
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Rough appearance because it has ribosomes
Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has
ribosomes
- Smooth ER:
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NO ribosomes
Function: makes fats or lipids; detoxifying
7. Ribosomes
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Function: make proteins
Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Ribosomes are composed of two subunits
that join and attach to messenger RNA.
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site of protein synthesis
assembled in nucleoli
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
8. Golgi Complex
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Nickname: “The shippers”
Function: packages, modifies, and
transports materials to different location
inside/outside of the cell
Appearance: stack of pancakes
9. Vacuoles
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Liquid-filled membrane sacs, store food
water, minerals
“warehouses” of the cell
Plants: one central one, helps maintain
cell shape
Animals: a few, small ones
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
10. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than
ribosomes
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Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”
Function: to break down food and waste
and to destroy old organelles
11. Centrioles
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Located near nucleus in pairs
Help organize cell division
In animal, not plant cells
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
12. Mitochondria- has own DNA
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Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
Function: Energy production (cellular
respiration)
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Breaks down food to make ATP
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ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that
require energy
13. Cilia and Flagella
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Function: movement
Cilia: short, hair-like
projections; move with
beating action
Flagella: longer, tail-like
structure; move with whiplike action
Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
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Now let’s talk about structures found in
PLANT Cells, but not animal cells!!
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Plant Cell
Vacuole
Go to
Section:
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
Large Central Vacuole
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Function: stores water and some
nutrients
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This is what makes lettuce crisp
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When there is no water, the plant wilts
Found in some animal cells, but small
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cell
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Go to
Section:
14. Chloroplasts found only in plants, some protists
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Function: traps energy from the sun to
produce food for the plant cell
(photosynthesis)
A type of plastid (organelle that stores plant
pigments)- Green in color because of
chlorophyll, which is a green pigment
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cell
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Go to
Section:
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
15. Cell Wall
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Function: provides support and
protection to the cell membrane
Found outside the cell membrane in plant
cells, fungi, some bacteria and protists
Plant Cell
Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
Plant
Animal
3 Domains, 6 Kingdoms of Life
Domains
Kingdoms
Archaea
Archaebacteria
Bacteria
Eubacteria
Eukarya
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Classification of Life- 6 Kingdoms
1.
Eubacteria:
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2.
Prokaryotic bacteria
Unicellular or colonial
Heterotroph or Photosynthetic
Ex. E. coli
Archaebacteria:
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Prokaryotic bacteria, extreme
environments
Unicellular or colonial
Chemosynthetic (autotrophs)
Classification of Life- 6 Kingdoms
3. Protists: mixed bag
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Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes
No true tissues/organs
Some can photosynthesize, some are
heterotrophs, some are both
Ex. algae, diatoms, seaweed
Classification of Life- 6 Kingdoms
4. Fungi:
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Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes
Decomposers or parasites
Cell walls of chitin
Ex. yeast, mushrooms, molds
Classification of Life- 6 Kingdoms
5. Plantae: cell walls of cellulose
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Multicellular eukaryotes
Possess true tissues/organs
Photosynthetic, very few are also heterotrophs
Ex. flowers, ferns, mosses
Classification of Life- 6 Kingdoms
6. Animalia:
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Multicellular eukaryotes
Complex organ systems
Heterotrophs
No cell walls
(many)