Reproductive System
Ch 19
General Functions of reproductive system.
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Produce and nurture sex cells
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Gametes
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Sperm
Eggs
Transport them to sites of fertilization.
Meiosis - Overview
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Creates sex cells with half
the number of
chromosomes as normal
cells.
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Haploid
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Two divisions
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Males: Spermatogenesis
Females: Oogenesis
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46
46-46
23-23
23
23-23
23
23
23
Meiosis - Sperm
Meiosis - Egg
Locate and describe the general functions of
each part of the male reproductive system
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testes
epididymis
scrotum
bulbourethral gland
prostate gland
seminal vesicle
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ductus deferens
urethra
corpus cavernosum
corpus spongiosum
penis
glans penis
Outline the process of spermatogenesis.
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spermatogenesis – formation of sperm
Spermatogenic cells (spermatogonia) formed in the testes
(46 chromosomes)
At puberty when testosterone production resumes...
Form primary spermatocytes
Meiosis takes place
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First division makes secondary spermatocytes
Second division makes spermatids (23 chromosomes)
Outline the process of spermatogenesis.
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When spermatids reach the epididymis, they are nonmotile.
By the time they are pushed through the epididymis, they
have matured into sperm cells and can move
independently.
Describe semen production and exit from
the body.
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Production takes place in four parts:
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Testes – sperm
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands
Exits by ejaculation through the penis.
Vocabulary
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spermatogenesis
spermatogonia
spermatid
Explain how hormones control the activities
of the male reproductive organs…
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GnRH – released in hypothalamus
Pituitary gland– secretes gonadotropins
In males, these are androgens
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LH (leutinizing hormone)
FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)
Testosterone
…and the development of male secondary
sex characteristics
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Body hair
Lower voice
Thickening of skin
Increased muscular growth
Thickening/strengthening of bones
More about hormones
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There’s a negative feedback system that controls the
amount of testosterone released.
Locate and describe the general functions of
each part of the female reproductive system
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Ovaries
Uterine tube
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Clitoris
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Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium
Outline the process of oogenesis.
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What is oogenesis?
Primordial follicles are formed during fetal development.
These are also calle primary oocytes.
At puberty, primary oocytes continue meiosis.
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Cytoplam is distributed unevenly, so only one secondary
oocyte is formed.
Meiosis - Egg
Outline the process of oogenesis.
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Secondary oocyte is released from the ovary – Ovulation
Uterine tubes – fertilization
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IF it’s fertilized, it will go through Meiosis II and become a
zygote.
Only have about a day!
Uterus – receives embryo and sustains development
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Three layers
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Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium
Vagina – birthing purposes and receives sperm
Explain how hormones control the activities
of the female reproductive organs...
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Puberty – FSH is released and ovaries enlarge
LH triggers ovulation.
Two main types of female hormones – estrogens and
progesterones.
Ovaries are the major source of estrogens.
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They stimulate enlargement of vagina, uterus, uterine tubes, and
ovaries.
They develop secondary sex characteristics.
...and the development of the female
secondary sex characteristics.
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Development of breasts and ductile system of mammary
glands
Increased deposition of adipose tissue generall, and
specifically in the breasts, thighs, and buttocks.
Increased blood vessels in skin.
Females also have a low androgen concentration that
stimulates hair growth in pubic and axillary regions.
Vocabulary
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Spermatogenesis
Spermatid
Spermatogonia
Oogenesis
Oocyte
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Ovulation
Androgen
Testosterone
Estrogen
Progesterone
Describe the major events of the
reproductive cycle.
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FSH and LH released from pituitary gland.
FSH causes follicle to become primary oocyte.
Follicular cells secrete estrogen causing endometrium to
thicken.
More LH from pituitary gland stimulates ovulation.
More estrogen and progesterone is released – waiting for
fertilization.
Describe the major events of the
reproductive cycle.
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If fertilization does not occur, estrogen and progesterone
stop – causes endometrium to quit building.
Uterine lining disintegrates and sloughs off.
Cylce repeats with LH and FSH being released from
pituitary.