Analyze case studies of young children’s
development using psychosocial and
emotional theories to explain behaviors
and propose interventions
 Research how young children’s social
and emotional development influences
the culture of the family
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Psychoanalytic perspective tells us that children move through a series of
stages where conflicts are confronted between biology and societal
expectations.
Freud
Period
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital
birth-1
1-3
3-6
6-11
adolescence
Erikson*
basic trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
identity vs. role confusion
Erickson’s psychosocial theory elaborates on Freud’s work; emphasizes a continuum
of basic psychological conflict.
-Erickson was one of the first to recognize the lifespan of development.
-Erickson also notes: intimacy vs. isolation (emerging adulthood)
generativity vs. stagnation (adulthood)
integrity vs. despair (old age)
-“You can discover more about a person in an hour of play than in a
year of conversation.”-Plato
Parten(1932): study of play among 2-5 year olds
Types: Nonsocial Activity, Parallel, and Cooperative
Types of Play video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uf3oHEEykpM
“It is paradoxical that many educators and parents still differentiate between a
time for learning and a time for play without seeing the vital connection
between them.”- Leo Buscgalia
nonsocial acitivity: unoccupied, onlooker behavior; solitary play
parallel play: Children play side by side and not together from ages 2-3
cooperative play: Children agree to play together following social rules from age
4-5.
What are some benefits of play?
**DON’T FORGET CULTURAL VARIATIONS—PLAY LOOKS DIFFERENT IN DIFFERENT
PLACES!
According to social learning theory, morality develops through
reinforcement and modeling (like everything else!)
Key Components of Positive Modeling (to promote imitation)
-warmth and responsiveness
-competence and power
-consistency between assertion and behavior
WARNING:
“If you’re not modeling what you’re teaching, you’re teaching
something else”-source unknown
The debate:
-To spank or not to spank…thoughts?
One perspective: Dr. Sylvia Gearing
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6tEkgIbKQ_w
Research indicates that ideal discipline includes
consistency, a warm parent-child relationship, and
explanations.
When considering the cognitive-developmental perspective,
children are regarded as active thinkers about social rules.
-Translation:
kids think about right and wrong VERY
early! However….
Two types of aggression emerge: instrumental and
hostile (physical, verbal, relational)
Key terms:
Gender
Gender Identity
Gender Constancy
Gender Schema Theory
How do adult perceptions of gender norms affect child behavior?
What’s the big deal about gender typing? Why does it matter?
What are some examples of sterotypes you’ve heard?
Examples: Boys don’t/can’t/shouldn’t…
Girls don’t/can’t/shouldn’t…
Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWc1e3Nbc2g&feature=related
Ways to reduce gender typing: limiting “traditional” roles, giving all children the
opportunity to play with any toys, shield children from negative media imagery
Worth 145 points—revisit your syllabus!
Watch “Dual Earner Family” video (found in same area as
video for recycling video)
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Cover sheet using APA style
Three-page paper (at least): response to the questions
Reference page: cite your book and any other resources that you
use
In your paper, respond to the following questions to write an essay
(do not include the questions in your paper).
Identify the challenges that Deb and Ron and their children face
due to the parents’ work schedules. How have they handled these
challenges?
Pretend that you are a child/family human service professional and
members of this family are your clients. What would you tell them
about their children’s social and emotional needs?
What interventions might you suggest that they try to stabilize their
family?