PowerPoint, or…
text & multimedia in class
Eva M. Fernández
Queens LOTE Consortium
Linguistics & Communication Disorders
Queens College — CUNY
LOTE@qc.edu
Main Features

Create SLIDES
•
•
•
•
projected from PC
printed as transparencies
printed as hand-outs
uploaded to web server

Integrate text and multimedia content

Deliver presentations
• in formal or informal settings
• in classrooms or conferences
A Glorified Word Processor?


Yes… but,
PPT (and other similar software titles)
ISN’T (aren’t) JUST FOR MANAGING TEXT
• to use Microsoft’s jargon:
“you can easily organize, powerfully
illustrate, and professionally deliver your
ideas”; PPT gives you “the tools you need to
communicate with impact”

found somewhere on the Microsoft.com website
Word Processors ~
Word, WordPerfect, Wordstar, …



entering large amounts of text
printing text, or displaying it on a small
computer screen
so…
• small fonts, aligned left, portrait orientation
• can manage
incorporation of
multimedia objects,
but can’t display them
well
• keyboard commands
for entering and
formatting text, but
not for presentations
Presentation Software ~
PowerPoint, Freelance, Corel Presentations…

Designed for making slides
• default font sizes are big
• default alignment and spacing of text
varies, depending on slide layout
• default image is
oriented as
landscape


ideal for overhead
projectors
with data projectors,
takes advantage
of screen size

Presentation Software ~
PowerPoint, Freelance, Corel Presentations…

Designed for running slide shows
• features to maximally use screen when
running a presentation
• keyboard commands to simplify
presentation tasks

browsing from slide to slide

changing color of screen

using / hiding pen or pointer
Presentation Software ~
PowerPoint, Freelance, Corel Presentations…

AND you can associate
a slide with
notes, an outline, etc.
• simplifies making
handouts and summaries
• helps organize ideas
• improves efficacy of
presentation
Presentation Software ~
PowerPoint, Freelance, Corel Presentations…

FINALLY, you can save
presentations as HTML files, to
upload to the web
• for asynchronous
delivery of lectures / talks
• or even for
synchronous delivery
 features to set up
“Online Broadcasts”

How Does It Work?

A PPT file = a sequence of “slides”
• screens with text and/or multimedia
content
• each associated with an outline (generated
automatically) and notes (generated by author)

Multi-panel user interface
• workspace (slide)
• outline or thumbnails of slides
• notes
• scrollbars, menus, toolbars
Multipanel (“Normal”) View
Slide Sorter View
Design Features
ENTERING TEXT: DEFAULT LAYOUTS

Disadvantage:
• reduces creativity?

Advantages:
• generates outline automatically
• makes global changes easier
Design Features
TEMPLATES
Slide background and text designs,
color schemes, animation schemes

Disadvantages:
• induces wasting time?
• may add to “slide clutter” problem

Advantage:
• “cool” and fun… and possibly effective?
Drawing & Animating
Some Examples
Autoshapes
Simple & Complex
coordinate: S  S
simple: S  NP VP
S
S
NP
S
CONJ
VP
subordinate: S  S
S
S
S
S
S
S
CONJ
CONJ
S
S
CONJ
S
S
An architecture for bilingual cognition
JOINT MEMORY STORE
events lived in Lx or Ly
material learned in Lx or Ly
LEXICON X
LEXICON Y
GRAMMAR X
GRAMMAR Y
phonology X
phonology Y
syntax X
syntax Y
semantics X
semantics Y
pragmatics X
pragmatics Y
Here is a red kite and a green kite.
They have different color tails.
18
What color is
the tail of the kite that has a bow on it?
Images
“Prefab” Clipart or Your Own Snapshots
Charts & Graphs
ON-LINE READING TIMES:
MONOLINGUALS & BILINGUALS
USENG &
CSPA
Relative Clause, Overall RTs (msec)
3200
EDOM
SDOM
3000
2800
2600
2400
2200
English
Materials
Spanish
Materials
The United States


A place with
numerous linguistic
minorities
Queens County,1990 US Census:
speakers of LOTEs
"very
well"
speak English...
50%
Take Queens County,
for example
• 44% of the population
speaks a LOTE at
home (1990 US
Census)
• Of this 44%, MOST
are BILINGUALS
• Figures overlook
people who speak
LOTEs, but don’t
use them at home
"well"
27%
"not
well" or
"not at
all"
23%
90
90
80
80
Grade
100
Grade
100
70
70
60
60
50
50
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
10
20
Hits
90
80
80
Grade
90
Grade
100
70
70
60
60
50
50
200
50
Figure 6: Hits to test areas
against final grade, r (74) = .300, p < .01
100
100
40
Hits
Figure 5: Hits to homework areas
against final grade, r (74) = .150, p > .10
0
30
300
400
500
Hits
Figure 7: Hits to lecture notes areas
against final grade, r (74) = .015, p > .10
0
250
500
750
Hits
1000
1250
1500
Figure 5: Hits to miscellaneous admon. tools
against final grade, r (74) = .276, p < .02
Organization Charts
& Diagrams
MONOLINGUALS
Sx  Sy
MONOLINGUALS
Sx =Sy
BILINGUALS
BILINGUALS
Sx = Sy
Sx  Sy
language-independent language-dependent
processing
processing
BILINGUALS
Sx = Sy
language-independent
processing
Figure 1. Correspondences between bilingual and monolingual behavior
in sentence processing, categorized as language-independent and languagedependent. Sx indicates set of strategies associated with Lx.
BLUE
YELLOW
RED
Equations
Linear Correlation Coefficient (r)
r
N XY  ( X )( Y )
[ N X 2  ( X ) 2 ] [ N Y 2  ( Y ) 2 ]
Buttons Hyperlinked to URLs
Internet
local files
local or remote executables
etc.
QC ONLINE / BLACKBOARD


the class website is accessible only
through QC ONLINE (Blackboard 5)
to access it, you must:
1. activate your account:
http://vanguard.qc.edu
2. login to QC Online and edit your
personal information:
http://online.qc.edu
Sounds & Moving Images
BORROWING: use of a word or phrase
from Lx within Ly utterance
Ya no están, están en special
Ahí para comprarlo para este weekend; pa este weekend

mot juste, gap in lexicon, etc.

phonological & morphological integration into
host language

notice, both borrowed words are from English
Saving Work ~:-)

“Save” & “Save As…”
•
•
•
•
presentation (*.ppt)
show (*.pps)
outline (*.rtf)
set of images (*.gif, *.jpg, *.tif, etc.)

“Save As HTML…”

Record & save online broadcasts
Saving Work ~:-)



Embedding true-type fonts
Embedding versus linking
associated files
“Pack and Go” function
Running a slide show





the “full screen” view
keyboard v. mouse
black-outs, white-outs
navigating through slides
the mouse as pointer or pen
Keyboard shortcuts

Advance to next slide:
• space, N, right or down arrow, enter, page down

Return to previous slide:
• backspace, P, left or up arrow, page up

Go to slide number “#”:
• “#” + enter

End show:
• esc, ctrl+break
More keyboard shortcuts

black-out:
white-out:

show / hide arrow pointer: A





B
W
pointer-to-pen:
pen-to-pointer:
ctrl+P
ctrl+A
hide pointer & button: ctrl+H
erase drawing: E
Printing Slides

As overheads
• on plain paper
• on transparencies

As handouts
•
•
•
•
the
the
the
the
gray-scale print-out
black-and-white print-out
outline print-out
“handout” print-out
Running an Effective Show

Prepare your slides
• “Slide Show”  “Set Up Show”
• remember to embed fonts
• save as *.pps, rather than *.ppt

Rehearse!
• practice the talk
• practice the timing
Running an Effective Show

Technical considerations:
• how to order the equipment
• how to save your files
• how to set up the equipment
• troubleshooting…
Running an Effective Show

Design considerations
• consistent use of text amount, size,
positioning
• conservative use of images

as many as will illustrate your point
(no more, no less)
• sparing but purposeful use of animation
• quantitative information is often best
presented graphically

avoid three-dimensional graphs (hard to read)
THANKS!
 Please address
questions and comments to:
LOTE@qc.edu
Eva M. Fernández
Linguistics & Communication Disorders
Queens LOTE Consortium