P Ramya Kumari, N V Apurva & E Thanmaya, ¾ B.Tech CE, AUCEW
J GeethaAmrutha, 4/4 B. Tech CE, AUCEW
The prestigious 86-year-oldAndhra University was constituted in the year 1926 under the Madras Act of
1926. We the students feel that we are fortunate to pursue our studies in this magnanimous institution. As our tribute we present a brief introduction of all the successive Vice- Chancellors who have strived towards achieving excellence, laurels and fame to the University. The information is gathered from Andhra University website and internet and it was compiled.
Ramalinga Reddy (December 10, 1880 – February 24, 1951),also popularly known as Sir C. R. Reddy was the founder of Andhra
University and also served as its Vice-Chancellor from 1926 to
1931 and in a further second term from 1936 to 1949. He made
Andhra University a great centre of higher education and outstanding research in both sciences and humanities.
Sir Cattamanchi Ramalinga Reddy
(1926-1931) and (1936-1949)
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was born in Telugu Brahmin at
Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh) on 5th September 1888; he was an
Indian philosopher and statesman. Radhakrishnan was the first
Vice-President of India from 1952 to 1962 and the second president of India from 1962 to 1967.Radhakrishnan was became Vice
Chancellor of the Andhra University in 1931.he worked for 5 years
Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
(1931-1936)
Vasireddy Sri Krishna shortly V.S.Krishna (October 8, 1902 -
February 16, 1961), was Vice Chancellor of Andhra University in
Visakhapatnam, India during the year(1949-1961). He joined
Andhra University in 1932 as Lecturer in Economics. He held this position for 11 years till 1961 and worked hard in the various developmental activities of the university. He developed the university library which was later named as Dr.V.S.Krisha Library.
Appadvedula Lakshmi Narayan , ( 1887 - 7 March 1973) was an
Indian Astrophysicist and was the first Indian Director of
Kodaikanal Solar Observatory during between 1937–1946. He was appointed as Vice Chancellor ofAndhra University,
Visakhapatnam in 1961.He encouraged talented young men to take up doctoral and post-doctoral researches in their respective branches under the guidance of eminent professors.
Kodaganallur Ramaswami Srinivasa Iyengar (1908 - 1999) popularly known as K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar was an Indian writer in English. He was given the prestigious Sahitya Akademi
Fellowship in 1985. He joined the Department of English, Andhra
University which was started in 1947.In 1966 Prof. Iyengar became the Vice-chancellor of the Andhra University on June 30, 1966 and continued till November 29, 1968.
Dr. Appadvedula Lakshmi Narayan
(1961-1966)
Dr. Vasireddy Sri Krishna
( 1949-1961)
Srinivasa Iyengar
(1966-1968)
Prof. Kodaganallur Ramaswami
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Lankapalli Bullayya (1918–1992) was an innovative Indian educator and vice-chancellor of Andhra University, Andhra
Pradesh. He was the first Dalit to be appointed vice-chancellor of an Indian university. In November 1968 he was appointed vicechancellor, continuing in that post until December 1974. Academic, curricular and examination reforms, abolition of external examinations and the detention system, and continuous assessment marked his tenure.
M. R. Appa Rao was popular political personality in AP state as he held several important positions such as Prohibition Minister in
First AP Cabinet, twice he become Vice Chancellor of Andhra
University, MP of Rajya Sabha etc.
Sri Lankapalli Bullayya
(1968-1974)
Sri M.R. Appa Rao
(1974-1980)
Justice Avula Sambasiva Rao (born on 16 March 1917 in
Mulpuru, Guntur district) is a former Lok Ayukta and Chief Justice of Andhra Pradesh; and also an Vice-chancellor of Andhra
University.
Professor Koneru Ramakrishna Rao was born on October 4,
1932, in India. He did his college and graduate work at Andhra
University. He returned to Andhra University in the mid-1960s and in 1967 established the Department of Parapsychology, the only such university department of its kind in the world. In 1984 he became the vice-chancellor of Andhra University.
Justice Avula Sambasiva Rao
(1980-1984)
Prof. Koneru Ramakrishna Rao (1984-
1991)
Professor K.V. Ramana served as Vice Chancellor of Andhra
University from 1988-1991.He launched Information Management
Center(IMC) in 1991 to extend high quality financial management services to all fraternity members of the Andhra University.
Prof. K.V. Ramana
(1988-1991)
Dr. Maddi Gopalkrishna Reddy was the Registrar of AU for 24 years before becoming its Vice Chancellor in 1991. He played a major role in bringing stability to University administration. As an astute crisis-manager, he built bridges of understanding between the students, teachers, non- teaching staff and authorities. He was honored with the Master EK award in 1991, Madras Telugu
Academy award in 1992 and the C.R.Reddy Puraskar for
Excellence in higher education in 1996.
Dr. Maddi Gopalkrishna Reddy (1991-
1997)
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Prof R. Radha Krishna born on October 10, 1942 served as Vice
Chancellor of Andhra University from 1998 to 2001.He did his
M.A in Economics, M.Sc Statistics from Andhra University and
Ph.D (Economics) Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics. He is a recipient of several prestigious awards like VKRV Rao prize and Telugu Atma Gaurava Puraskaram.
Prof Y.C.Simhadri served as the Vice Chancellor of Andhra
University between 2002-2005.His term has seen the campus being beautified, discipline restored, academic calendar strictly followed, a vigorous effort being made to get the status of Centre of
Excellence to the University, the University library being modernized with online facilities and some important events like
South Zone Youth festival and sports.
Prof L.Venu Gopal Reddy was born at Kamireddypally in
Chittoor district on October 29, 1950. He studied B.Com in Tirupati and M.Com in Waltair. He joined the faculty of Sri Krishna
Devaraya University in 1977 and obtained a Ph.D in 1983.He was
Head of the Department,Member of executive council and held many important posts before being appointed as VC of Andhra
University in 2005.
Beela Satyanarayana, B.E(Mech),M.E(M.D),M.E(IE), M.Tech
(CSE), Ph.D(IIT DELHI), born on 1 st July 1948 was our former
Vice Chancellor of Andhra University. As the Vice Chancellor
Andhra University, responsible for the introduction of many new academic programmes, focused research areas, state of the art central analytical facilities augmenting additional laboratory space, additional hostels, special amenities for women students and disadvantaged sectors of the student community.
Prof G.S.N Raju has an excellent academic record from PUC onwards .He did his B.E and M.E at AUCE and Ph.D at IIT-
Kharagpur. Prof G.S.N Raju joined AUCE as tutor in 1979 and held many important academic and administrative posts, before becoming its Principal in June, 2010. He is involved in a lot of research work and authored several textbooks. Prof G.S.N Raju won many awards and presented more than 350 research papers at
National and international conferences. He became Vice Chancellor of Andhra University in February 2013.
Prof. R. Radha krishna
(1998-2001)
Prof. Y.C Simhadri
(2002-2005)
Prof. L. Venu Gopal Reddy
(2005-2008)
Beela Satyanarayana
(2008-2011)
G.S.N Raju
(2013- TILL DATE)
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Dear Students,
Hello!!! As this is our first volume of WINGS, I thought it would be appropriate and an auspicious beginning of the magazine by writing a few words about one of the most inspiring and a veteran of
Visakhapatnam Smt. V. R. Maya Devi. Indeed I feel blessed that she has given her wishes to the young generation at the instance I approached her for the message. Here I present a brief biography of her.
Smt.V.R.Maya Devi, born on 18 th August 1932 to freedom fighters Late Sri DigumartiRamaswamy and
Late Smt. DigumartiJanakibai in Rayavellore prison, when her parents were kept as political prisoners during freedom struggle movement. She was educated in many places in Andhra Pradesh like Visakhapatnam,
Yellamanchili, Machilipatnam and Madras. Passed Inter at A.V.N. College, Vizag in 1949 and she was one of the very few women students to complete degree in Radio Engineering at Madras in 1952.
Married to Sri VemulakondaManikya Rao, a research officer at Damodar valley Corporation in
Hazaribagh dist., Bihar and shifted to Bihar from Vizag along with her husband. Since then apart from her busy household works with two young daughters, she started her social service for betterment of the people of Bihar in Damodar Valley Catchment area. While spending most of her time helping the backward classes and the poor both academically and economically in the valley she has completed her course in homeopathy and she is a registered medical practitioner (RMP) of homeopathy. After retirement of her husband from the service, the couple after a long twenty years of stay in Bihar decided to come back to Visakhapatnam to stay in their ancestral house situated in Maharanipeta.
At 83 years of age, she is a source of inspiration to many of us. She joined the M.L.B Trust as Trustee in 1987 and became Secretary of the Trust the same year. Since then social work became a part and parcel in life which paved her way to help the needy.She was also an important trustee member in the VENUMULAKONDA
LAKSHMI NARASAMMA JAGANNADHAM TRUST(V.L.J) which was a trust initiated by their family and she continues to be the member. Every day she finishes her work at 10:00AM in the morning and the couple spend their time productively by counselling the necessary, educating the poor students and the whole day is spent very energetically which the young generation should learn from her.
She has been honoured by the then Governor of Andhra Pradesh,SmtKumudben Joshi and several organisations like BA-BAPU SEVA SADAN, VINTAGE – VISAKHA : Roundtable,Waltair and WOMEN’S
WING of CANARA BANK Employees Association on Women’s Day.She is the recipient of various prestigious awards which include SPURTI AWARD by SADHGEET CREATIONS,Freedom Fighter Late SRI
MADDURI ANNAPURNAYYA’S 114 th Jayanthi award and many more.
Dear Students,
I am happy to know that the department of Computer
Engineering, AUCEW is bringing out a student magazine. I feel that you are more blessed when compared to yester years and as women we have more responsibility towards the society. I strongly believe that if woman is educated the whole family is educated and I wish you all in your future endeavours. I sincerely suggest you to give back your share to the society by serving the needy in the form of service.
V R Maya Devi
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Software safety involves ensuring that software will execute within a system context without resulting in unacceptable risk. Building safety-critical software requires special procedures to be used in all phases of the software development process. The Safety-Critical Systems have become more important as computers are increasingly used to monitor and control critical devices and processes in desperate areas like medicine, transportation, energy, manufacturing, etc. Several Design Methods and Metrics have been developed for the safety and security of the Safety-Critical Systems. Analytical methods like FTA, FMEA, FMFEA, FMECA,
ETA, MORT, SMORT, etc. and reliability metrics like MTTF, MTTR, MTBF, DENSITY RATE, etc. are intended to provide a safe and secure Safety-Critical System. These methods and metrics are intended to avoid the mishaps in the critical devices. But the occurrence of accidents didn’t stop due to the faults in the Safety-
Critical Systems and are continuing. This paper aims to compare the analytical methods and reliability metrics.
Modern electronic systems increasingly make use of embedded computer systems to add functionality, increase flexibility, controllability and performance. However, the increased use of embedded software to control systems brings with it certain risks. The increased flexibility and complexity can lead to new and different failure modes which cannot be addressed with traditional fault tolerance techniques. This is especially significant in “safety ‐ critical systems”. A safety critical system is a system where human safety is dependent upon the correct operation of the system. An obvious example of a safety critical system is an aircraft fly by wire control system, where the pilot inputs commands to the control computer using a joystick, and the computer manipulates the actual aircraft controls. The lives of hundreds of passengers are totally dependent upon the continued correct operation of such a system. The development of safety critical systems has traditionally been pioneered within the avionics and automotive industries but, as awareness has developed, of how software can impact safety, the scope of safety critical software has expanded into many types of systems such as medical instruments and devices, transport, process control, nuclear and oil and gas facilities.General guidance for developing safety-critical processor-based systems consists of the following:
Standard
Quality Systems - Model for Quality Assurance in
Design/Development, Production, Installation and
Servicing.
ISO9001/EN29001/BS5750 part 1
Functional Safety : Safety Related Systems
IEC1508
Railway Applications: Software for Railway Control &
Protection Systems.
EN50128
Software for Computers in the Safety Systems of Nuclear
Powers Stations.
Description
This is the recommended minimum standard of quality system for software with a safety integrity level of 0, and an essential prerequisite for higher integrity levels.
A general standard, which sets the scene for most other safety related software standards.
A standard for the railway industry.
A standard for the nuclear industry.

Avoid complexity in the design. Simplicity allows a more complete understanding of the system operation minimizing the chances for error, and makes the designs easier to test. Drastically reducing the number of functions performed by the safety-critical system (and enforcing this reduction) also keeps function creep under control and allows future changes to be made and verified. A good criteria to keep in mind is “Just because you can doesn’t mean you should”.

Use deterministic design techniques. It is necessary for the processor-based system to operate the same way every time a critical function is performed. This is necessary to allow comprehensive testing of the system. If different timing or alternative paths through the logic due to multi-tasking, dynamic
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memory allocation, or other characteristics exist, all possible execution paths cannot be adequately tested.

Separate safety-critical from non-safety-critical portions of the system. This allows simplicity to be maintained in the safety-critical portion of the system so that it can be adequately tested and maintained.
Safety requirements and failure modes and consequences in medical systems will be quite different from those in avionics systems or automotive systems for instance, and the approaches used to ensure safety may consequently be different too. This paper is aimed at exploring the approaches used to develop embedded software in some of the different safety ‐ critical applications, with a view to establishing any common approaches and identifying opportunities for sharing best practice and development tools and techniques.
Reliability design in the concept design phase is primarily oriented towards defining of reliability specification and selecting of the most acceptable solution from the point of view of reliability meeting requirements, which means that reliability of systems and their elements is analyzed. The process of system designing is started by translating the users’ requirements and needs into the specification for designing, i.e. into the design assignment within creating of the pre-design. The concept design phase also defines the design goals from the point of view of meeting of the standards and regulations. In spite of these standards occurrence of accidents in the safetycritical systems didn’t stop.
Consequently an important issue that comes up is that of software safety– which means that the software should execute within a system context without contributing to hazards. However, should the software operation directly or indirectly lead to a hazard in the case of a safety-critical system, then the consequences of the hazard realization could be catastrophic. By catastrophic implies that the damage is not just restricted to financial losses, or losses in terms of time or property, but rather may also include the loss of life.
There are myths that computers provide greater reliability than the devices they replace, increasing software reliability will increase safety, testing software and formal verification of software can remove all the errors so there is a need for the assurance of methods and metrics. The correct assurance of methods and metrics reduces the latter effects of the software.
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Computer Graphics is an art of drawing pictures using computer. It is the visual representation of data using computer. The phrase “Computer Graphics” was coined in 1960 by William Fetter, a graphic designer for Boeing.
Early pioneers include artists and researchers. These visionaries saw the possibilities of the computer as a resource for making and interacting with pictures and pushed the limits of an evolving technology to take it where computer scientists never imagined it could go.
As ancient says “a picture is worth thousand words” , graphics is essential everywhere to understand the things, concepts, etc easily that it is useful in almost all areas of our life. In fact, drawing is said to be the language of engineers. Some of the applications of computer imagery are found in our daily lives like on television, in newspapers, for example in weather reports, for displaying of information and also in the areas of science, engineering, medicine, business, industry, government, art, entertainment, advertising, education, and training.
As the technology advanced and the acceptance of new approach to image making increased computers have become a powerful tool for the rapid and economical production of pictures. Advances in computer technology have made interactive computer graphics a practical tool.
Graphics has been rapidly advancing to the level of creating completely new worlds inside computers starting from fairly simple but exact worlds of curves and surfaces and reaching to complex human worlds.
Graphics are classified as 2-dimensional and 3dimensional graphics. 2D graphics are further classified as Raster and Vector graphics. Raster
Graphics are used on most old computer and video games, graphing calculator games, and many mobile phone games. Vector Graphics are mainly used on photographic images. RETAS and Adobe
After Effects are some of the advanced softwares that makes compositing and colouring of 2D graphics easy .
Example of 2D Graphics
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3D graphics can be used for providing real-time 3D viewing in animations, videos, movies, training, simulations, and architectural visualizations or for display as 2D rendered images. Macromedia
Flash, Blender and DAZ are some of the latest softwares used for generating 3D graphics.
Example of 3D Graphics
Story
One day a rabbit was boasting about how fast he could run. He was laughing at the turtle for being so slow.
Much to the rabbit’s surprise, the turtle challenged him to a race. The rabbit thought this was a good joke and accepted the challenge. The fox was to be the umpire of the race. As the race began, the rabbit raced way ahead of the turtle, just like everyone thought. The rabbit got to the halfway point and could not see the turtle anywhere. He was hot and tired and decided to stop and take a short nap. Even if the turtle passed him, he would be able to race to the finish line ahead of him. All this time the turtle kept walking step by step. He never quit no matter how hot or tired he got. He just kept going.
However, the rabbit slept longer than he had thought and woke up. He could not see the turtle anywhere! He went at full-speed to the finish line but found the turtle there waiting for him.
A well-known story. But let’s look at it from another point of view. Why did the tortoise win the race? It walks very slowly, as far as we know.
According to the rule, it’s First In – First Out, Isn’t it?
Ex :- You start at 8.15 am for college and your next door
starts at 8.30 am, its most likely you arrive earlier than her.
The likely answer to the question is determination and hard work. Well, the rabbit surely had a talent for running, I agree, but it also had lot of over-confidence and it loves to take a nap on-duty. But the tortoise, though it started slowly, didn’t stop working its way till the end. And, unlike someone, didn’t take a break when it ought to work. Looks like the tortoise made use of rabbit’s weak point and crawled slowly but surely and finally reached the goal and won the race. What if the rabbit didn’t go to sleep in the middle of the race? It obviously would have won the race. That’s intelligence and industry put together and it will do wonders.
I’m not telling you to work like a robot. A small break during work eases our stress and we feel refreshed. But I need to tell you something before I wind up. Taking a break is different from slacking off. We’re mature. We can make choices. We canresist some small whims or need for immediate reward and better choose the actions that will payoff handsomely some time later.
So, next time the turtle wins the race, don’t forget it overshadowed talent.
Talent is one thing. But hard work and determination are everything.
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C
One of the key benefits of human perception is the ability to recognize what objects are made of. But computers still can't compete with nature's gift—a brain that sorts objects quickly and accurately. Computers can't actually see, but there are tools out there and methods for making computers "C" things as humans can.
Computer vision is the science and technology of machines that see. The centre component of all computer vision is images. By comparing pixel colours and brightness of the images, the computer is able to assess the subtle differences between the images. Texture, colour, contrast, and sharpness can contribute to more realistic computer-generated images. Most commercial image-search systems figure out what’s in an image by analyzing the associated text, such as the words surrounding a picture on a Web page or the tags provided by humans.
But ideally, the computer vision algorithms would analyze the content of the image itself. Much research has been done in this area, but so far the problem is solved partially only. The traditional approach to image search sometimes leads to nonsensical results when a computer misinterprets the surrounding text. Typically, engines that analyze the content of images instead of text need a picture to guide the search–something submitted by the user that looks a lot like their intended result.
Using a computer to capture and analyze images, there are numerous applications of computer vision, including robotic systems that sense their environment, people detection in surveillance systems, object inspection on an assembly line, image database organization and medical scans, automatic inspection in agricultural aspects like vegetables inspection, quality of meat products etc.Hence computer vision can be used in a real world automatic inspection and detection problems without the intervention of a human being.
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A.Sravani, M.Tech (IT), Dept. of CSSE, AUCE(A)
Designing a computer control system for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a complex undertaking, because of both the system’s large size and its distributed nature. The controls team is addressing that complexity by adopting the object-oriented programming paradigm, designing reusable software frameworks, and using the
Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) for distribution.
A prototype system for image-based automatic laser alignment has been developed to evaluate and gain experience with CORBA and OOP in a small distributed system. The prototype is also important in the evaluation of alignment concepts, image processing techniques, speed and accuracy of automatic alignment for the NIF, and control hardware for alignment devices. The prototype system has met its initial objectives, and provides a basis for continued development.
THE NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY CONTROLS ARCHITECTURE
The computer control system for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) must be designed to meet several significant challenges. First and foremost, it must manage the size and complexity of the machine: the NIF will be a 192 beam laser containing approximately 48,000 control points, controlled by several hundred computers running several hundred thousand lines of software. Furthermore, the control system must be designed in anticipation of the long lifetime of the facility: over the course of thirty years, every computer in the system will be replaced at least once, and specific controls and diagnostics will come and go. The design of the control system should facilitate this evolution.
PROTOTYPE AUTOMATIC ALIGNMENT SYSTEM HARDWARE
The prototype automatic alignment system is a part of the NIF Alignment Concepts Laboratory, which contains a 1:10 scale model of a NIF beamline (see Figure 1). Controls experiments are conducted in the transport spatial filter (TSF) area of the beamline. A mirror has been inserted between the TSF and the cavity spatial filter (CSF) so that experiments may be conducted simultaneously in both areas.
Fig 1: The Alignment concepts lab model beam line
The prototype system includes an automatic alignment (AA) FEP that receives input from cameras in the beam line, and an alignment controls (AC) FEP that controls alignment devices. Each FEP consists of a VMEbus chassis controlled by a SPARC CPU. Additional VME cards provide specific device control and processing functions. Both FEPs are networked via Ethernet, so that they may communicate with one another and also with software running on other networked computers.
PROTOTYPE AUTOMATIC ALIGNMENT SYSTEM SOFTWARE
The prototype system represents the bottom layers of the layered controls architecture: the AC FEP is a service
FEP, the AA FEP is an application FEP which uses the services provided by the AC FEP, and both FEPs control some devices.
Algorithm:

Acquire and process an image of the beam

Calculate the difference between the beam location and the reference location

If the difference is greater than the required tolerance, issue a motor movement correction command
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
Translate the correction command to motor steps using the cross-coupling matrix

Move the motors

Wait for motor movement to be completed

When a loop is completed successfully, the next loop in the series can begin.
For the above algorithm the flowchart is given below.
FLOW CHART:
CONCLUSION:

Prototyping continues to be an important component of the development strategy for the NIF control
System.

The automatic alignment system prototype has provided valuable initial experience with and Validation of the tools that will form the basis of the control system: CORBA and OOP.

The prototype has been integrated with a model NIF beamline to demonstrate the basic concepts of NIF automatic Alignment.

The loops performed by the prototype are a centering loop which centers the injected beam on a mirror at the end of the TSF, and a pointing loop which directs the beam through a pinhole at the focal plane of the TSF.
REFERENCES:
www.google.com
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Bh Abhinay Varma, P A R Krishna Sai & P Krishna Kanth, 5/5 B Tech + M Tech (SE), AUCE (A)
Adobe Photoshop is one of the most powerful software applications for image editing, touch up, color correction, and painting and drawing. You can use it to work with images that have been digitized on flatbed or film/slide scanners, or to create original artwork. The image files you create in Photoshop can be printed to paper or optimized for use in multimedia presentations, web pages, or animation/video projects.
Work Area
Toolbox:
• Contains selection tools, painting and editing tools, foreground and background color selection boxes, and viewing tools
• To select, simply click on the icon on the toolbox (the name of each tool will appear by positioning the pointer over the icon)
• A small triangle at the bottom corner of the icon indicates the presence of additional hidden tools.
•
• Control behaviour of its tools
•
• Windows menu displays a list of available palettes
• When selected, the palette will appear as a floating window on the opened workspace To activate a palette click on its tab
Color
•
Displays the color values for the currently selected foreground and background colors.
Swatches
Displays a generic set of colors, but the true value of the Swatches palette is in its ability to load custom swatch collections
Layers
• Displays all layers
History
• Records and displays all individual changes made to an image and allows the changes to be done.
Selections:
Learning how to select areas of an image is of primary importance when working with Photoshop since you must first select what you want to edit. Selections allow you to isolate areas in your image and apply different effects or filters without affecting the rest of the image. There are four basic selection tools in the toolbox.
1.The marquee tool allows you to select rectangular or elliptical areas in an image.
2.The lasso tool lets you draw a freehand selection area, with either curves or straight lines.
3.The Spot Healing Brush removes blemishes, imperfections, and red eye.
4.The move tool let you move a selection marquee or objects on a single layer.
5.The brush tool paints brush strokes.
6.The text tool creates text or type on a photo.
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STEPS:
7.The zoom tool magnifies or reduces the size of an image.
8.Photoshop uses the foreground color to paint, fill, and stroke selections and the background color to make gradient fills and fill in the erased areas of an image.
Layers:
Every Photoshop image contains one or more layers. Every new file is created with a background, which can be converted to a layer. When you scan an image and open it in Photoshop, it is placed on the background. Layers are a fundamental part of Photoshop’s versatility. A layer is a transparency sheet with an image on it. You can edit, transform, or add filters to a layer independently from other layers. You can make one layer alter the look of a layer above or below it. You can save a file with the layers and easily change your design later, by editing one or more of the layers.
Masks:
Masks can be used to block out one area of an image or protect it from manipulations.
How To Maximize your image with minimal loss
1.
In a photo that you want to enlarge,Click Image.
2.
Click Image Size. The Image Size dialog appears showing the current size of the opened image.
Make sure the Resample image checkbox is selected.
3.
For proper enlargement make sure the Constrain Proportions Checkbox is selected.
4.
Double click in the Width box to highlight all the numbers.
5.
Type the desired width for the final printed image. The height automatically adjusts proportionally.
6.
Type 360 in the Resolution box.
7.
Click the Resample Image up-down arrow.
8.
Select Bicubic Smoother from the pop-up menu.
9.
Click OK. A Progress bar appears as the Photoshop processes the enlargement. The enlarged photo will then appear. Check the file size in the window frame.
10.
Click View.
11.
Click Rulers to turn the rulers on and see the new dimensions.
Resources:
•Adobe Website. http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/photoshop/
•Photoshop tutorials and resources at PhotoshopCAFE Photoshop CAFE V3 http://photoshopcafe.com/index.htm
-
A.P.J.Abdul Kalam
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E Manvitha & Chandini M, 4/4 BTech CE, AUCEW 2010-14
Problems!! Problems!! Problems!!...Problem to calculate... Problem to search...Problem to communicate...But now a days Computer has made everything very easy...So in order to make life easier we need Computer
Science.
Computer Science is not about mere programming, but always about the practical implementation of solutions that have been developed with the help of computers. Earlier Computer is used for small calculation purposes but today we can even know where we are without much difficulty.
WHAT WE WILL LEARN IN CSE??
Computer Science helps us to learn wide areas . For instance-

How to communicate with computerProgramming Languages.

How our messages are stored in mobile will be explained in Data Structures.

How a button pressed is being processed and displayedComputer Architecture and Organization.

How our personal computer manages our applicationsOperating System.

How to solve computational problems Artificial Intelligence.

How machines take our instructions and process themEmbedded Systems .

How we are able to send data from one place to another – Data Communications and Networks

How pictures are being manipulatedImage Processing .
APPLICATIONS:

At home –TV, Washing Machine, Digital Clock,etc.

In Mobiles(Iphone ,Android,etc)

In Banks,

In Hospitals,

Airline and Railway Reservation system.

In the Field of science-Bio Informatics, Biotechnology, etc
SCOPE OF CSE STUDENTS:
Computer Science Students can have scope in many fields.

Knowledge in various programming languages provides scope for students to work in Software firms as Application developer, DBA, Software Engineers etc.

Students have opportunities in banking sectors.

They have wide opportunities in research centers like atomic research centers, nuclear plants, and spaceship center.

They can build up their future by pursuing Ph.D and can proceed towards research and develop many more applications.

Even student can be self employed and can provide employment to many others by being an
Entrepreneur.
So by choosing Computer Science we even can create our own
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J Geetha Amrutha & Bh Sowmya, 4/4 B.Tech CE, AUCEW 2010-14
This is the text of the Commencement address by Steve Jobs, former CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar
Animation Studios, delivered on June 12, 2005.
Source: Stanford Report, June 14, 2005
I am honoured to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.
The first story is about Connecting the dots.
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course."
My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.
And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on thatsingle course in college, t he
Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something — your gut,
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destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.
My second story is about love and loss.
I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the p revious generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me
— I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.I didn't see it then, but it turn ed out that getting fired from
Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the world’s first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at
NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick.
Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle.
My third story is about death.
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was you r last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code fo r prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
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I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I'm fine now.
This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because
Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.
Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice and most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras. It was sort of like
Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.
Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
Thank you all very much.”
G Nissi Deepthi, 4/4 B.TECH CE, AUCEW 2010-2014
The first computers took up whole rooms and required specialized training to operate them. It was their ability to help their human counterparts quickly evaluate complex mathematics that made them valuable. Then they arrived in our homes and were simple enough .
With the internet, computers began to augment the connections between people and the computer became a source of knowledge instead of a sink that held it.
Now, computers themselves are disappearing. They’re embedded invisibly into the Web of Things, into no-touch interfaces and into our daily lives. While we’ve long left behind loading disks into slots to get our computers to work and become used to software as a service – hardware as a service is right around the corner.
“ The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it.
” This statement was made by Mark Weiser. This applies to the present day computers very well. The future generation computers would be integrated in your environment, and all one needs is one’s voice and his body to create commands that the software can understand.
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G Madhavi & K Satya Sree, 4/4 B.Tech CE, AUCEW 2010-14
Source: businesstoday.in
VINITA BALI
MD, Britannia Industries
Britannia's managing director this year has been moved to 'Hall of
Fame'(Reserved for those who have made it to the list at least seven times). She says her travels overseas helped her understand diversity and adapt to different environments and people.
RENUKA RAMNATH
Multiples Alternate Asset Management
RenukaRamnath has also been moved to the 'Hall of
Fame' this year. She says: "The choice of investors and team members are the cornerstones of private equity.
Those decisions were extremely deliberate."
RENU SUD KARNAD
Housing Development Finance Corporation
HDFC's managing director this year moves to 'Hall of
Fame'. She says being part of two decisions that changed the way the lender does business are her most memorable moments.
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VANITHA NARAYANAN
Managing Director, IBM India
The IBM India chief began as a trainee in the company and is one of a handful of women heading a technology company in India.
I have certainly not felt it. But we cannot declare victory and women should continue to remain focused
SHUBHALAKSHMI PANSE
Managing Director, Allahabad Bank
Raised to be independent, Allahabad Bank's chairman says her parents' message to her was 'You can do it'.
Being a woman was not an issue - until I became general manager. Women are then looked down upon. Not much is expected of them.
PALLAVI SHROFF
Senior Partner, Amarchand&Mangaldas& Suresh A.
Shroff & Co
She has represented a roster of corporate giants, and actively backs other women in her profession.
I have probably been lucky. But not everyone supports a woman who is going up the ladder.
PRIYA NAIR
Vice President, Detergents, HUL
She has made her mark with out-of-the-box business solutions.
VINITA SINGHANIA
Managing Director, Jk Lakshmi Cement
Singhania found her experience as a housewife helped her when she began to run a cement business.
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J Yamini Sai Lakshmi & L Niharika, 4/4 B.TECH CE AUCEW, 2010-14
India scores high on the cyber crime map with all possibilities of emerging as the ‘ransom ware capital’ of the Asia Pacific region. Presently, the country is among the world’s top five countries for the highest number of incidences of cyber crime including ransom ware, identity theft and phishing incidents with the average cost per cyber victim going up from
$192 last year to $207. Ransom ware refers to a class of malware that restricts access to computer system it infects and demands a ransom paid to the creator of the malware to remove it. Though initially popular in
Russia, about 2.5lakhs unique ransom ware samples had been collected during the first quarter of 2013 alone, showing their rising incidence.
According to 2013 Norton Report, Indian cyber crime data revealed 11 per cent rise in the incident of ransom ware and identity theft followed by 9 per cent phishing attacks. In addition in the last 12 months, 56 per cent of cyber crime victims in India have experienced online bullying, online stalking, online hate crime or other forms of online harassment.
With 66 percent of Indian consumers using their personal mobile device for both work and play, this creates entirely new security risks for enterprises. The report also found that many consumers were engaging in risky behavior that has them playing a game of chance with their private information. A large percentage of Indian Wi-Fi user’s access social networks (61 per cent); shop online (44 per cent); and access their bank account (42 per cent) through a public or unsecure Wi-Fi.
Banking applications on Android phones are most vulnerable to cybercrime, the chiefexecutive and cofounder of Russian anti-virus software maker Kaspersky Lab Eugene Kaspersky said 99 percent of mobile attacks are towards Android-based phones, since Apple has strict controls and does not allow third-party applications. The most disturbing trend in cyber-attacks was a growing shift to mobile devices from computers and a major cyberattack using mobile phones was bound to happen since cellular users are not properly protected. Cyber-crime is moving to mobile but people are not aware. It's still not as big as computer crime but it's growing fast. This year’s report further reveals that a staggering 63 per cent of smart phone users in India experienced some form of mobile cyber crime in the past 12 months.
Indian Laws are well drafted and are capable of handling all kinds of challenges as posed by cyber criminals. However, the enforcement agencies are required to be well versed with the changing technologies and
Laws. As internet technology advances so does the threat of cyber crime. In times like these we must protect ourselves from cyber crime. Anti-virus software, firewalls and security patches are just the beginning. Never open suspicious e-mails and only navigate to trusted sites.
Anonymous
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S Sri Keerthi, 4/4 B.E CSE, AUCEW 2010-2014
Instead of trying to do everything like Google’s famously ambitious and unsuccessful Google TV — this thumb-sized gizmo does one thing, does it as simply as possible and does it for the impulse-purchase price of
$35. Plug it into one of your TV’s HDMI ports, and you can fling videos and other content from your laptop, tablet or phone to the big screen, no wires involved. Lots of companies have built devices to do this; chrome cast is the first one that gets it right.
At the moment, Oculus Rift is only available in a $300 kit aimed at game developers. But once you strap on this virtual-reality headset onto your noggin and experience it in action, you’ll get itchy for the consumer release, which is scheduled for 2014. Used with a PC or Android device,
Rift will let games create 3D worlds which surround you — you can even look over your shoulder for enemies lurking behind.
Whether smart watches ever turn into a booming business to rival smart phones or tablets remains anyone’s guess. But Pebble is off to a promising start. The $150 wearable gizmo acts as a satellite for your iphone or Android handset, receiving snippets such as text-message notifications via
Bluetooth and displaying them on its display.
K V S B Devi, 4/4 B.Tech CE, AUCEW 2010-2014
Intel's leap into wearable is truly interesting, though. The company is making a set of body-monitoring ear buds. There's a tracker inside that syncs to both iOS and Android phones.It collects calorie, pace, distance, and time data. More importantly, it tracks your heartbeat in real time and offers a visible history graph on your phone's screen.
The great thing about virtual reality and gaming technology is that it’s moving so rapidly that really it has endless possibilities that we can do. Holodeck moves ahead of other virtual simulators, It has advanced situational training where service members can walk through an area of operation in the replicated virtual environment to prepare themselves for what they may encounter in that exact environment in reality.
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Pocket projectors earn their name from being small enough to fit in your pants pocket, and weigh above 0.75 lbs.
These projectors are extremely convenient and are ideal for portable use.MPro150 from 3M offers integrated memory, file sharing capabilities and a full suite of applications in an entirely cable-free, ultra-portable device.Presentations, videos, music and photos can be pre-loaded onto the projector itself via mini USB, VGA and composite video inputs
ART GALLERY
Sukanya H, 4/4 Btech CE, AUCEW 2010-14
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Answers on Page no 33
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B Sowjanya & K Kavya 4/4 B.TECH CE, AUCEW 2010-14
We thought this list would be useful for our junior..(Source from company websites).
Tata Consultancy Services
Tata Consultancy Services was founded by Mr. J. R. D. Tata (Born : 29/July /1904 , Left this World
:29/November/1993 ) in 1968 . Tata Consultancy Services is also known as TCS, Tata Consultancy Services is one of the biggest Indian Multinational Company which deals with services like Software (IT), Business consulting and outsourcing etc. Tata Consultancy Services’ main headquartered is in Mumbai (State: Maharashtra, Country India) .
Revenue made by Tata Consultancy Services in 2012 was US $10.17 billion.
Wipro
Wipro - The Indian multinational Company was founded in 1945 by Mohamed HashamPremji . Wipro limited was also know as Western India Products Limited Earlier .Wipro is the one of the biggest provider of services in
Software(IT), Business consulting and outsourcing Company. Wipro's main headquartered is in Headquarters
Bangalore (State :Karnataka, Country :India ) .Revenue made by Wipro in 2012 was US$ 7.30 billion .
Infosys
Infosys is an Indian multinational Company was founded in 1981 by only seven people ( N. R. Narayana Murthy ,N.
S. Raghavan, Ashok Arora , NandanNilekani , S. Gopalakrishnan, K. Dinesh , S. D. Shibulal ) with only 250$ in hand . Infosys Company amazingly worked hard to come up as India's most successful multinational .It company which deals with services in Software(IT), Business consulting and outsourcing Company .Infosys's main headquartered is in Headquarters Bangalore (State :Karnataka, Country :India). Revenue made by Infosys in 2012 was US$ 6.99 billion.
Cognizant Technology Solutions
Cognizant Technology Solutions is the multinational company within key services IT, outsourcing services and business consulting. It was founded in early 1944 by Kumar Mahadeva (Sri Lankan American. Cognizant
Technology Solutions main headquartered is in Teaneck (State: New Jersey Country : United States ) . Revenue made by Cognizant Technology Solutions in 2012 was US$ 6.118 billion.
HCL Technologies
HCL Technologies Limited is also known in world by well know short name called HCL is the one of the successful multinational information technology (IT) company of India and its is the one of the well known provider of IT, business consulting and outsourcing services not only in India but also across the globe. HCL Technologies Limited was founded in 12-November-1991 by Shiv Nadar an Indian industrialist and philanthropist. Cognizant Technology
Solutions had US$ 4.4 billion revenue in 2012.CognizantTechnology Solutions main headquartered is in Noida
(State: Uttar :United States )
Tech Mahindra Limited
Tech Mahindra Limited was founded in between 1986 by the Indian Business personality "VineetNayyar". Tech
Mahindra Limited is one of the part belongs to Mahindra Group .Tech Mahindra Limited is leading indian provider of networking technology solutions , information technology (IT) and also provide (BPO) business support services
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.Around the globe for telecommunications industry with 50,479 employees. Revenue made by Tech Mahindra
Limited in 2012 was $1.161 billion.
Oracle Financial Services Software
Oracle Financial Services Software was formerly known as i-flex Solutions Limited was founded in 1930 having headquarter in Mumbai (India ). Oracle Financial Services Software is the Multinational company which provides services like IT solution ,Business consulting and IT consulting .Revenue made by Oracle Financial Services
Software Limited in 2012 is US$649.38 million . iGATE PATNI iGATE PATNI was founded by Phaneesh Murthy (an Indian businessperson) on 1978 , have main headquater at
Bangalore ( India ) with iGATE PATNI is the indian multinational company which provides services like IT services outsourcing and Business solutions in 23 countries , its revenue in year 2012 is US $393.85 million.
MphasiS
MphasiS is the multinational IT services company owned by Hewlett-Packard .MphasiS was founded in 2000 by
Jaithirth Rao (Indian businessman and entrepreneur) headquarter of MphasiS is in Bangalore (India). Revenue made by MphasiS in 2012 was US$1.2 billion.
Larsen & Toubro Infotech
Larsen & Toubro Infotech was founded in 1997 ,headquarter at Mumbai ( State : Maharashtra Country : India ) and was ranked as 8th best company of india in 2011.Larsen & Toubro Infotech is also know by short name as L&T
Infotech .Revenue made by Larsen & Toubro Infotech in 2012 was around US $ 642 million in 2012 .
K Divya Sowjanya, 4/4 B.Tech CE, AUCEW 2010-14
There's an unprecedented multidisciplinary convergence of scientists dedicated to the study of a world so small, we can't see it -- even with a light microscope. That world is the field of nanotechnology, the realm of atoms and nanostructures.
A nanometer (nm) is one-billionth of a meter, smaller than the wavelength of visible light and a hundredthousandth the width of a human hair. Atoms are the building blocks for all matter in our universe. For instance, our bodies are assembled in a specific manner from millions of living cells. One of the exciting and challenging aspects of the nanoscale is the role that quantum mechanics plays in it. You can't walk up to a wall and immediately teleport to the other side of it, but at the nanoscale an electron can -- it's called electron tunneling .
Substances that are insulators , meaning they can't carry an electric charge, in bulk form might become semiconductors when reduced to the nanoscale. Melting points can
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change due to an increase in surface area. You might be surprised to find out how many products on the market are already benefiting from nanotechnology.
Sunscreen - Many sunscreens contain nanoparticles of zinc oxide or titanium oxide. Older sunscreen formulas use larger particles, which is what gives most sunscreens their whitish color. Smaller particles are less visible, meaning that when you rub the sunscreen into your skin, it doesn't give you a whitish tinge.
Clothing - Scientists are using nano particles to enhance your clothing. By coating fabrics with a thin layer of zinc oxide nano particles, manufacturers can create clothes that give better protection from UV radiation. Some clothes have nano particles in the form of little hairs or whiskers that help repel water and other materials, making the clothing stain-resistant. So use of nanotechnology can drastically change the world.
N V APURUPA, 3/4 B.Tech CE, AUCEW 2011-15

Have you ever watched science fictions movies where display of computer screen appears on walls, commands are given by gestures, the smart digital environment which talks to us to do our work and so on?

Have you considered them to be supernatural or tantalizing imaginations?

Have you ever wondered whether this all will be possible in real?
Then it’s time to change your views because sixth sense technology will make it possible.
Sixth Sense is a wearable gestural interface that enhances the physical world around us with digital information and lets us use natural hand gestures to interact with that information .
It is based on the concepts of augmented reality and has well implemented the perceptions of it.
Sixth sense technology has integrated the real world objects with digital world. The fabulous 6th sense technology is a blend of many exquisite technologies. The thing which makes it magnificent is the marvellous integration of all those technologies and presents it into a single portable and economical product. It associates technologies like hand gesture recognition, image capturing, processing, and manipulation, etc. It superimposes the digital world on the real world.
The Sixth Sense technology contains a pocket projector, a mirror and a camera contained in a head-mounted, handheld or pendant-like, wearable device. Both the projector and the camera are connected to a mobile computing device in the user’s pocket. The projector projects visual information enabling surfaces, walls and physical objects around us to be used as interfaces; while the camera recognizes and tracks users' hand gestures and physical objects using computer-vision based techniques. The software program processes the video stream data captured by the camera and tracks the locations of the coloured markers (visual tracking fiducials) at the tips of the user’s fingers. The movements and arrangements of these fiducials are interpreted into gestures that act as interaction instructions for the projected application interfaces.
Some of the applications of this futuristic technology could be
1.
The projector displays a map on the wall, and the user can control the map using zoom and pan gestures.
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2.
The user can make a frame gesture to instruct the camera take a picture. It is hinted that the photo will be automatically cropped to remove the user's hands.
3.
A number pad is projected onto the user's palm, and the user can dial a phone number by touching his palm with a finger. It was hinted that the system is able to pin point the location of the palm. It was also hinted the camera and project is able adjust themselves for surface that is not vertical.
4.
We can pick up a product in supermarket (e.g. a package of paper towels), and the system could display related information (e.g. the amount of bleach used) back on the product itself.
5.
As we open a book, the system can display additional information such as reader's comments.
6.
The system is able to recognize newspaper articles and project the most recent video on the news event on a blank region of the newspaper.
7.
The system is able to recognize a boarding pass and display related information such as flight delay and gate change.
8.
We can draw a circle on his wrist, and the system will project a clock on it.
Amazing! Isn’t it? But this technology is still a work in progress. Hoping for this future technology to become a present technology.
E Thanmaya, 3/4 B.Tech CE, AUCEW 2011-15
What if I told you thoughts have energy and you can control an object with your thoughts? Some of you would believe me and some of you would not. I for one always believed thoughts influence things. So now let me try and convince you to believe the same. Up until now, the idea of controlling an object with mind has existed purely in the realm of science fiction. Recently, a team from Minnesota College of science and engineering succeeded in controlling the movements of a quad copter with the power of thought.
The process developed is entirely non-invasive, requiring no wires, electrodes or chips to be implanted in the brain. The non-invasive technique, called Electroencephalography (EEG) is a unique brain computer interface that uses an EEG cap to record the electrical activity of the subject’s brain. The researchers said that the braincomputer interface works due to the geography of motor cortex -the area of cerebrum that governs movement. The brain’s electrical charge is maintained by billions of neurons. When we move or think about a movement, neurons in the motor cortex produce tiny electric currents. Thinking about a different movement activates a new assortment of neurons. The EEG captures the electrical activity in the brain and sends it to the computer. The computer then interprets the signals. If they correspond with the recognised signals for movement, the computer transmits the interpreted signals to the object which is to be controlled. All of this takes place in fractions of seconds. Five subjects who took part in this study and each was able to successfully control the helicopter quickly and accurately for a sustained period of time.
The potential of this brain-computer interface is very broad. The study goes far beyond fun and games and has the potential to help people who are paralysed or have neurodegenerative diseases. It can help them regain independence and mobility. This technology could be used to allow people with missing limbs to control a robotic arm or leg, or allow people with neurodegenerative diseases the ability to communicate for easily. It may even help patients with
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conditions like autism or Alzheimer’s disease or help stroke victims recover. The possibilities are endless. The day where our computer could read our thoughts, interpret and execute them is not far.
Asha Mani, 3/4 B.Tech CE, AUCEW 2011-15
WHAT IS SCALABLE GRAPHICS: Scalable graphics provide high performance software and services for 3D visualization and computing. As the capabilities of mobile device accelerate, scaling the fidelity of graphics to get the most out of the underlying GPU has become a unique selling point when differentiating your applications from the crowd. To give you an insight into how this can be done across the wide range of devices available today, this article will provide you with a number of useful app development and optimization recommendations. Imagination started the powerVR Insider program almost a decade ago at the beginning of the mobile graphics revolution, to ensure that developers have all the requisite tools and utilities, coupled with a developer support organization that has ongoing partnerships with mobile gaming/multimedia companies such as EPIC Games, EA Games, Havok,
Metaio and unity. At imagination for instance, we’ve seen examples where apps would search for strings being returned by the GPU driver and assume it would be a lower end core from that GPU family. This essentially meant that the same level of effects and details would be displayed for all platforms.
Ramya Karyampudi, 3 rd year B.Tech CE, AUCEW 2011-2015
So beautiful, so lovely..
Above all, too lively..
Every second, it has its own speciality..
Is bitter, sour, spicy, salty, sweet and what not!
Nothing like a race, but just a crazy game..
Too funny, too exciting, too miraculous of course..
The only game in which the defeat,
The most hated, has no particular form..
And never depends on others however good they play..
Greatest game, which never has a substitution..
The “Game of Life”... which I love the mo st!!!!
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Lakshmi Manasa J, 3/4 B.tech CE 2011-15
Life is about choices , though you may not have a say about how the world reacts to your choices in life, you always have a choice about how you react to life around you .If you want to understand how to change your life ,you need to understand that attitude is everything . You can make a difference by changing the way you think.
No one else “ makes us angry”. We make ourselves angry when we surrender control of our attitude. In the real world senario we meet diffent kinds of people and we should always maintain our cool.There are always people who put our attitude to a test, if we select a volatile attitude by becoming angry, jealous or suspicious, then we have failed the test. If we condemn ourselves by believing that we are unworthy , then again, we have failed the test. First of all try to be an early bird.Eat healthy food and stay fit now ,we all get irritated and chirpy when we are sick,hungry or tired right?Next ,listen with an open mind to what people have to say ..in our workplaces we have to listen to our colleagues and higher authority while taking decisions to have a healthy working environment..Have a hobby people !it helps us to divert our minds from problems so that we can think about it later when we arein a better mood.Everyday is a new day..with new challenges ..learn from the past but don’t let your past effect ur present nd future..dont dwell on the negative aspects of life try to be optimistic . Developing the right attitude is not a childs play but that’s the whole point right we shouldn’t expect anything without hard work from our part.The combination of a sound personal philosophy and a positive attitude about ourselves and the world around us gives us an inner strength and a firm resolve that influences all the other areas of our existence.
Ramya Karyampudi, 3/4 B.Tech CE, AUCEW 2011-15
Human body can be stated as a ‘Machine of Mystery’ . The way it functions, in a natural manner, has become the model for various well established machines today. Amongst the body parts, brain is the ‘Organ of Magic’ and the technology today is totally a product of it. The way it works, thinks, decides is the cause of every achievement as well as every problem. Let us consider the positive effects now. The main drawback of the ‘human brain system’ is that the working stops once an individual loses his life. Say an example, the highest brain usage level is of Einstein, till date. What if we can use the brains of great scientists after their deaths also? Interesting, right? This idea gave root for the “ Blue Brain Technology ”, the first virtual brain of the world, which can perform every operation of a human brain.
Scientists are working hard to implement this technology by uploading the human brain into a machine. Thus, the knowledge, memories, intelligence of man can be retained even after his death, in a machine. No man has ever been able to completely understand the complexity of human brain. I can surely say it is the most complex circuit than any other in the world. It is quite natural for you to have a question on your minds- “Is it really possible to do all this”? My answer is “Yes”. Till today, man has created everything in accordance with the nature. Computer was a big question before it was invented but now, most of us have one in our place and we are enjoying the technology.
Human brain can be uploaded into a machine with the help of small robots called “Nanobots”, which are capable of travelling through the human circulating system. They can monitor the complete structure and activity of nervous system, travelling through the spine and brain. An interface with computers, as close as the mind, is provided, when we still exist in our biological form. These bots carefully scan the system of brain, providing us a clear cut study of its connections. When this information is entered in a computer, the functioning occurs as ‘us’.
Thus, the data in the human brain is uploaded in a computer.
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K Sushmitha. K Hanisha, P Deepika, 2/4 B.Tech CE, AUCEW 2012-16
A little goes a long way. It's so small, yet so big in a single flick of a switch. Epic is the most compact, data input solution ever. Epic projects a fixed keyboard pattern onto any flat and opaque surface in a safe form of laser.
Typing is almost effortless.
Added mouse feature tracks your natural movements and may reduce stress on your hands. It can be connected with any Bluetooth devices.
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Use common mouse feature with Windows and Mac OS X devices
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M Devi Muthyam, 2/4 B.Tech CE, AUCEW 2012-16
Bill Gates became a role model through his outstanding career. He inspires us because he is a very successful business man. Also, he is a great leader for his Microsoft Company, and he is very generous.
Bill Gates was born on October 28, 1955. He was born into a family with a rich history of business, politics, and community service. Gates’ great-grandfather was the state legislator and mayor, and Gates’ grandfather was the vice-president for the national bank. William H. Gates, Bill Gates’ father, was the prominent, Seattle defensive lawyer. Mary Maxwell Gates, Bill Gates’ mother, was the school teacher and the chairperson for the United Way
Charity.
Allen(his close friend) and Gates had to leave to devote their energy full-time to Microsoft which later became a very successful and thriving company. They had a belief that the personal computer would be a valuable too on every office desktop in every home. Gates and Allen began developing software for personal computers. They collaborated together to make the language BASIC on the first microcomputer, and on 1975, they started the
Microsoft Company.
Currently, Bill Gates is the chairperson of Microsoft Company which was made in 1975 with Paul Allen. The reason why they made this company is that they wanted to develop software for personal computers. He continuously works hard to make his Microsoft company better and convenient for the people, not only just
Americans, but the whole world. He made the new computer operating system called “Wow.” Obviously, this system is very successful like all of his other works.
We might think that Bill Gates is the richest person in the world. The reason is that he has given out some of his money to charity and people with diseases (such as AIDS) around the world. First, Melinda and Bill tried to find what could have been the biggest impact and they thought of the health issue. Bill Gates and Melinda Gates formed a charity company called Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in 1994. This organization helps to cure diseases like
AIDS and malaria. This focuses most its efforts on long-term global. According to the Washington Post, Bill Gates is the most giving person in the world. I think that other rich people should donate their money to charity more.
When he was interviewed by a reporter named George Stephanopoulos, Bill said, “Well, I don't care whether I'm remembered. I do think that empowering people with the Internet and PCs is my lifetime's work. That's my job; I'm thrilled about that and the new things we can do there. It's also neat in terms of giving all this money back, to take my position where I've been, maybe, the luckiest person and help the people who have been unlucky to have better lives. I feel very fortunate to have found that and [to] be able to get engaged and hopefully energize that field as well.” This answer electrified me and all I said was, “Wow.” Bill Gates doesn’t care if he is the richest man alive or famous, all he did was try to help others and he became very successful.
S Kavya, 2/4 B.Tech CE, AUCEW 2012-16
Steve jobs was an American entrepreneur,marketer, and inventor who was the co-founder chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc.His full name is Steven Paul Jobs.Steve Jobs was born in San Fransisco,Califonia, on February 24,1955 to Joanne Schieble (later Joanne Simpson) and Abdulfattah "John" Jandali, two University of Wisconsin graduate students who gave him up for adoption.
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Steven was adopted by Clara and Paul Jobs and named Steven Paul Jobs. As a boy, Jobs and his father would work on electronics in the family garage.Paul would show his son how to take apart and reconstruct electronics, a hobby which instilled confidence, tenacity and mechanical prowess in young Jobs. Jobs has always been an intelligent and innovative thinker, his youth was riddled with frustrations over formal schooling.Jobs enrolled at
Homestead High School in 1971.
After high school, Jobs enrolled at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Lacking direction, he dropped out of college after six months and spent the next 18 months dropping in on creative classes.In 1974, Jobs took a position as a video game designer with Atari. In 1976, when Jobs was just 21, he and his wife Wozniak started Apple
Computers.
In 1980, Apple Computer became a publicly traded company, with a market value of $1.2 billion on its very first day of trading. However, the next several products from Apple suffered significant design flaws resulting in recalls and consumer disappointment. In 1984, Apple released the Macintosh, marketing the computer as a piece of a counter culture lifestyle: romantic, youthful, creative. But despite positive sales and performance superior to IBM's
PCs, the Macintosh was still not IBM compatible and executives began to phase him out.
In 1985, Jobs resigned as Apple's CEO to begin a new hardware and software company called NeXT, Inc.
The following year Jobs purchased an animation company from George Lucas, which later became Pixar Animation
Studios. Believing in Pixar's potential, Jobs initially invested $50 million of his own money into the company. Pixar
Studios went on to produce wildly popular animation films such as Toy Story, Finding Nemo and TheIncredibles.
Pixar's films have netted $4 billion. The studio merged with Walt Disney in 2006, making Steve Jobs Disney's largest shareholder.
Apple introduced such revolutionary products as the Macbook Air, iPod and iPhone, all of which have dictated the evolution of modern technology. Almost immediately after Apple releases a new product, competitors scramble to produce comparable technologies. In 2008, iTunes became the second biggest music retailer in
America-second only to Wal-Mart.
On October 5, 2011, Apple Inc. announced that its co-founder had passed away. After battling pancreatic cancer for nearly a decade, Steve Jobs died in Palo Alto. He was 56 years old.
K Sowjanya, 2/4 B.TECH CE, AUCEW 2012-2016
Giving more power to women to defend themselves and as a tribute to December 2012 gangrape victim Nirbhaya, the Indian Ordnance Factory, Kanpur, has manufactured Nirbheek, a .32 bore light weight revolver, India's first firearm designed for women. At 500 grams, it is also the first IOF handgun made of titanium alloy.
Priced at Rs 1, 22,360, Nirbheek was launched on women believe carrying a handgun would help
January 6 and has already received around 80 formal enquiries and over 20 bookings. "At least 80% combat harassment on public transport daily. bookings are from women licensees," says Abdul
Hameed, general manager of IOF. Described by arms experts as an Indian hybrid of a Webley& Scott and
Smith & Wesson, for its simple mechanism and light frame, it is the smallest revolver made in India — an ideal to fit a purse or a small hand bag. But not all
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"There is nothing they can do to a woman with a gun that they cannot to one without," says Shalini Seth, a medical executive touring on most of the week days. Senior IPS officer Arun Kumar, on the other hand, has a different point of view. "Once a target of rape whips out a handgun, the element of surprise is sure to scare the life out of most of the persons who attempt rape," he said. "In most of criminal cases in India, the perpetrator, irrespective of whether armed or not, neither expects nor faces any stiff resistance from the target. Women carrying small handguns will surely make a difference to the tendency," said Kumar, additional director general of police (ADG). The IOF
Kanpur is confident the revolver will be the ideal weapon for women in India. "Expectedly, the weapon has received a very good response. More bookings are sure to follow once the Allahabad High Court lifts the ban on new licences," said Hameed. The court had put a ban on issuing new licences in October 2013 while hearing a petition on anomalies in the process through which arms licences are issued. "The revolver is capable of firing six rounds loaded in a revolving chamber, hence any misfire of a round does not affect next shot, unlike in a pistol. Positive location of main spring eliminates malfunctioning as well," he said. Keeping in mind the target clientele, the IOF
Kanpur has also ordered specially designed boxes lined with velvet to make it more attractive.
Sowmya Baggam, ¼ B.Tech CE, AUCEW 2013-2017
These were the closing lines of the epic poem “The road not taken” by Robert Frost. What is the essence of these lines? And the answer is “Excellence”. What is excellence? Excellence is doing common things in an uncommon way.
What is the need for discussing about excellence here? The reason is the substantive nature of this article.
When do we consider a country as a “developed “country? Will it be then when there is a huge urbanization and the metropolitan cities will be developing at lightning speed? No. It would be sheer negligence if we ignore the campestral areas here. A large part of India’s population resides in villages and semi-towns. So there is a necessity for upheaval of these areas. And the first step in that is improving the communication in the country side which can only happen if technology be used to a large extent.
Following are some of the problems that are seen in our daily lives:
We do hear a lot about natural calamities occurring without prior information these days. Even though some calamities are fore-predicted, their intensity could not be determined. Remember the most unfortunate incident that took place in Uttarakhand last year where thousands of people lost their lives
The solution is also typical but not impossible. Use of “Geographical Information System” (GIS).What is GIS used for? It integrates hardware and data for capturing, managing, analyzing and displaying all forms of geographically received information. Our Government can surely afford to have GIS in disaster prone area and train the local officials on how to use it. It is pretty simple because GIS based maps and visualizations are easily understood and analyzed. This will help people in getting ready at the grassroots level because flexibility is more in local authorities than the deployed Central Government authorities.
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In many unfortunate incidents, we lose track of the people affected by calamity. So, how would we get those people back? This again involves another device, used to show the position of a person or thing on the surface of the earth very accurately. What does
GPS do? When there is GPS in mobile phone, it can be tracked using satellite communication and the exact location can be determined. In the near future, even in CDMA phones GPS would become available.
This is a real boon for common people. technology based solution “Global Positioning
System” (GPS). GPS is a system by which signals are sent from satellites to a special
Another important thing is that, awareness about technology has to be spread among farmers. There has to be database maintained at mandal level and every farmer needs to have access to this. He has to be taught at least to open his own account in the database and no person is so innocent to not know these fundamentals when taught.
They really deserve to lead a better life than what they are leading now because the contribution of these areas means a lot to economic prosperity. Wouldn’t it be great to hear “India is a developed country”? It will not be any distant reality if these measures are taken. Employment opportunities will maximize, country will be economically developed. It is high time to show our excellence to the world because-“ On the journey of achieving excellence, we always come across the fruits of success
”. And success is the need of the hour in the today’s world.
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Solutions to Crossword Puzzle:
ACROSS: 1. Spam 5. Hard drive 9. ASCII 11.Virus 13. Bluetooth
DOWN: 3. DVD 4. Asic 6.Ethernet 7.Arpanet 8.GUI 12. Reboot
DIAGONAL: 2. Pharming 10. IEEE 13. Byte
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Republic Day is celebrations at our campus. Our beloved Principal Prof.Ch.Ratnam, hoisted the National flag on our 65 th Republic Day, accompanied by Prof.D.LalithaBhaskari, HOD of Computer Engineering, Prof. A. Rama
Sudha, HOD of Electrical Engineering, Smt. M. SatyaAnuradha,HOD of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Prof. S.V. Uma MaheswaraRao,HOD of Mechanical Engineering, students, and all other
Teaching and Non-Teaching staff of AUCEW.
Cisco Systems, Inc .
is an American multinational corporation headquartered in San Jose, California, that designs, manufactures, and sells networking equipment.
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To make us accustomed to the real world scenario our Madam Prof.D.LalithaBhaskari has arranged a seminar which was presented by Ms SatyaPadmaja, B.Tech,M.B.A., a Senior Manager from CISCO Systems, Banglore on 4 th October 2014. Through this seminar, we learnt about the working of CISCO, its products and about the new technologies which are being experimented by it. The Presentation also informed us about the demands of industry and the role and scope of women in software and networking industry.
Prof.P.S.Avadhani, Vice-Principal, Training & Placement Officer, Andhra University was here on 22 nd of
November, to give a seminar on how to present a technical paper and gave us a glimpse of some ideal topics to choose. It was an informative seminar which helped us to get ideas in choosing topics and presenting them in an effective way.
Microsoft is a multinational computer technology corporation which began on April 1975 and was found by Bill Gates and Paul Allen. Prof. V. ValliKumari ,former HOD of Computer Engineering and the Faculty
Members co-ordinated the seminar .The seminar was very helpful in creating awareness on Microsoft products.
The important product of Microsoft is Windows operating system and Microsoft Office. At present Windows 8 is the latest operating system and upcoming version is Windows 8.1. The other products of Microsoft are Office
Suites, Xbox for games, Internet explorer, Microsoft hotmail, Microsoft Skype, Microsoft Bing, and Microsoft
Skydrive.
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The Advance Software Laboratory and Computer Hardware Laboratory was inaugurated by Prof. G.S.N Raju,
Hon.’ Vice-Chancellor,Andhra University ,Visakhapatnam, accompanied by Prof. K. Rama Mohan
Rao,Registrar,Andhra University, Prof. D. Radha Krishna, former Principal, AUCEW, Prof. V.
ValliKumari,former HOD of CE, AUCEW and all the Examination Deans, Teaching and Non-Teaching staff of
AUCEW
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