Graphic Organisers
advertisement
Graphic Organisers Teachers’ exemplars – Science These science exemplars are a companion to the Graphic Organisers resource book available at www.slss.ie Water treatment clean water FLOURIDATION CHLORINATION FILTERING SETTLING SCREENING dirty water Plant reproduction germination dormancy dispersal Seed & fruit formation fertilisation pollination Titration – preparing burette remove funnel check at eye level using white sheet of paper bring meniscus to line using a dropper fill tap at bottom of burette re-fill with solution using funnel rinse with solution to be used rinse through funnel with deionised water clamp burette vertically with funnel in place Stages in digestion egestion assimilation absorption digestion ingestion Organisation levels organism systems organs tissues cells molecules Scientific method present analyse carry out devise experiment health & safety observe problem Science Alimentary Canal mouth caecum colon oesophagus ileum rectum stomach duodenum anus Biology – food passing through the digestive system Microscopic study of plant cells what to do, and why Science, Biology Chemistry Quark model radiation alpha and beta atom alchemy sub-atomic particles in nucleus Growing bacteria on agar plates Incubate Invert Lift lid slightly Source of bacteria Streak plate Replace lid, seal, label Making Oxygen Gas To collect gas Use H2O2 and MnO2 Source of O2 Catalyst To make O2 To release O2 To do test Photosynthesis sunlight carbon dioxide water photosynthesis Rates of reaction particle size nature of reactants temperature catatyst Rate of reaction L.C. Physics magnetic field force Preparation of oxygen gas H2O2 hydrogen peroxide MnO2 manganese dioxide beehive shelf trough of water collecting jars tap funnel tubing oxygen gas 7 characteristics of living things movement feeding reproduction sensitivity respiration growth life Excretion in the Kidney salts water UREA hormones H2 urine 7 characteristics of living things reproduction movement nutrition all these activities create toxic waste excretion which must be released growth If it has all these – its alive!! response respiration Organic chemistry carboxylic acids aldehydes O =O C ethanol + H2SO4 -anoic acid ethanoic acid flavourings making soap C -anoate R esters methane heating fuel cutting, welding solvents propan-2-ol + -anone C-C-C = O -ane H2O + CaC2 perfumes, fruit vinegar C-C C C -yne -anal OH alkanes alkynes O ketones plastics beers, spirits ethanol -anol -OH alcohols aluminium oxide and alcohol Al2O3 + C2H5OH -ene C=C alkenes organic organic compounds compounds Systems & organs of the human digestive excretory some human body systems respiratory circulatory Human Nutrition carbohydrate fats CHO bread, pasta CHO CHON oils, butter eggs, meat energy storage energy starch = iodine test deficiency = lack of energy deficiency = constipation aids peristalsis bran, fruit growth & repair brown paper test glucose = Benedict’s test water proteins molecules = 3 fatty acids:1 glycerol deficiency = scurvy connective tissue in citrus fruits NaOH & CuSO4 amino acids def = stunted growth deficiency = anaemia haemoglobin red meat cellulose eg VIT C eg Fe fibre vitamins minerals Food & nutrition Atomic Structure Sub-atomic particles Periodic table Böhr Diagram atomic no. shells mass no. neutron Electronic configuration group electron proton atoms “BAT” STAIRCASE Nuclear formula valency structure charges molecules valency covalent empty space shells nucleus ionic Bonding ions Neutron = neutral Electron = negative Proton = positive Location Charges Atomic Structure Ecology key terms environmental factors animals plants temperature light qualitative quantitative: % cover wind % frequency pie charts bar charts Ecology Field work results thermometer light meter anemometer tools quadrat pooter pitfall trap line transect beating tray tools tools Radioactivity... nuclear reactor fuel uses type medical imaging moderator alpha medical therapy fuel rods beta carbon dating gamma heat exchanger food irradiation radioactivity burns clothing shielding use tongs don’t eat or drink don’t smoke precautions leukaemia genetic defects cataracts death hazards What we look for on the microscope clips lens light fine stage objective nosepiece coarse light microscope focus wheel What we need to remember about light lens sun, star mirror light fine eye reflection microscope transparent eclipse 7 colours refraction periscope light Human Hormones LH FSH oestrogen oxytocin adrenaline thyroxine insulin progesterone prolactin endocrine system growth hormone What we need to remember about light lens sun, star mirror light fine eye reflection microscope transparent eclipse 7 colours refraction periscope light Separation techniques Criteria Topic What ? Apparatus Sample Draw the substances diagram Filtration Insoluble solid from liquid Funnel, filter paper, beaker, flask Sand from water Evaporation Soluble solid from liquid Bunsen , tripod, gauze, beaker, evaporating dish Salt from water Distillation Soluble solid from liquid; two liquids of different BP Condenser, bunsen, clamps, flask, beaker, stand Dye from wine, coke Chromatography Dyes with different solubilities from liquid Chromatography paper, jar, ink, dropper, pencil Dyes from black marker State result Cross Classification – blood cells criteria cells red white platelet source function no/mm3 shape name Cross Classification – blood vessels criteria vessels artery vein capillary function pressure wall valves lumen Cell structures – animal & plant chloroplast cell wall vacuole PLANT CELL cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus nuclear membrane nuclear pores nucleolus DNA mitochondrion ribosomes centriole ANIMAL CELL Comparing forms of energy Dangerous waste Cheap Large supply NUCLEAR No waste Renewable WIND Bonding Shared Given & taken Charged particles = ions LHS&RHS of periodic table IONIC Crystals, solids Electrons involved Holds particles together No charged particles Centre of periodic table Molecules Liquids & gases COVALENT gases: oxygen v. carbon dioxide use H2O2 + MnO2 to make use HCl + CaCO3 to make relights a glowing splint needed by all living things for respiration OXYGEN GAS released by plants in photosynthesis turns limewater milky transparent found in air needed by plants for photosynthesis released by all living things in respiration CARBON DIOXIDE GAS Endocrine system: male v. female adrenals adrenaline ovaries oestrogen progesterone pituitary oxytocin FEMALE pituitary hormones: growth, lutenising, antidiuretic, follicle stimulating testes testosterone thyroid thyroxine parathyroids parathormone pancreas insulin MALE RNA v. DNA single strand ribose found in nucleus deoxyribose uracil found in cytoplasm and in ribsosome RNA double strand adenine cytosine guanine thymine does not leave nucleus DNA mitosis v. meiosis 2 daughter cells single cycle of division identical daughter cells MITOSIS cell division require energy “reduction division” two cycles of division 4 daughter cells non-identical daughter cells MEIOSIS Photosynthesis v. Respiration only in plant cells chloroplast CO2 in, O2 out makes glucose PHOTOSYNTHESIS part of the cycles of nature all living things take place in cells mitochondrion takes place in stages O2 in CO2 out breaks down RESPIRATION glucose Control systems: nervous v. endocrine rapid response response usually slower short lived response longer-lasting response electrical impulse via neurons CNS + PNS connected NERVOUS SYSTEM male & female same react to internal and external stimuli messages sent from one part of body to another co-ordination chemical messengers in blood localised, separate glands male and females differ ENDOCRINE SYSTEM renewable v. non-renewable energy forever wind sun wave bio-fuels RENEWABLE both need to be managed carefully will run out both cost money to deliver fossil fuels – oil, coal, peat, gas NONRENEWABLE 1st year science pre-learning electricity electronics Chemistry atoms gases air fuels Physics light food plants animals Biology Sub-atomic particles Positively charged, In the nucleus, similar mass, the sum of these is the mass no. Determines atomic no. All in the atom Number is constant Proton Not charged, No. can vary (isoptope) Charged Negatively charged, Almost no mass!! Can be removed or added, In constant motion in orbits Electron Neutron Comparing organs of excretion [other function: breathing] water as vapour carbon dioxide lungs [other functions: protective, sensory, heat regulation] excess water 2 1 salts diffusion water as liquid urea [other functions: osmoregulation] active transport kidney skin Separation techniques Equipment evaporation What happens What happens chromatography Equipment Equipment sex-linked disease distillation Equipment What happens What happens Le Chatelier’s Principle N2 + 3 H2 ⇌ 2 NH3 ΔH = −92kJ mol-1 decrease increase increase addn pressure temp catalyst ? removal removal decrease addn Trends in the Periodic Table Groups • increase going down groups • adding new shell • screening effect Groups increase going down •adding new shell Periods •increased screening decreases Periods effect along periods decrease along periods •no new shell •no new shell •larger nucleus, energy atomic •larger nucleus, stronger values radius stronger hold hold Groups Groups ionisation reactivity Decreases down groups •increase down Group 1 energy •adding new shell i.e. •1 e- on outer shell, Groups Periods further away getting further from increase going up Decreasing atomic •increases screening nucleus Group 1, only need 1 e- radius effect •atomic radius •no screening effect decreases, nucleus •no new shell, larger nucleus has stronger hold Increases along periods mass no. & relative atomic no. atomic structure periodic table groups & periods Junior Cycle Science elements, atoms, symbols metals v. non-metals what is it? uses properties Light experiments Junior Cycle Science: laws generalised structure of prokaryotic cell harmful effects binary fission Bacteria beneficial effects endospore formation particles annihilation particle physics pair production Cockcroft & Walton’s exp. 4 fundamental forces displacement force Initial velocity mechanics acceleraiton Final velocity What happens in plant reproduction? Q 1 What happens in pollination? Q 2 What happens in fertilization? Answer Answer Q 3 What happens in seed dispersal? Q 4 What happens in germination? Answer Answer Functions of the skeleton Q 1 How does the skeleton function as a support to the body? Q 2 How does the skeleton act as a protection for the body? Answer Answer Q 3 How does the skeleton act in movement in the body? Q 4 How does the skeleton act in making blood in the body? Answer Answer
