Medium Voltage Testing and Maintenance Project
SECTION 16940 - ENGINEERING ANALYSIS & ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS TESTING
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1
SECTION INCLUDES
A. Provide all engineering, labor, materials, apparatus, tools, equipment, transportation,
temporary construction and special or occasional services as required to perform the following
items specified, including but not limited to:
1. Verify Operation of all Low Voltage Circuit Breaker Functions and Accessories with
primary injection test equipment.
2. Inspect and Test Building Electrical Grounding System.
3. Inspect and Test Metering and Instrumentation.
4. Inspect and Test Medium Voltage Cables.
5. Inspect and Test Protective Relays.
6. Inspect and Test Instrument Transformers.
7. Inspect and Test Liquid Filled Transformers.
8. Inspect and Test Automatic Transfer Switches.
9. Testing Procedures and Testing Schedules.
1.2
RELATED SECTIONS AND INFORMATION
A. Consult all related sections of the Division 26 specifications and drawings to determine the
extent and character of the installed work and to properly coordinate the testing work specified
herein with that specified elsewhere.
B. All inspections and tests shall utilize the following references:
1. Project Design Specifications
2. Project Design Drawings
3. Manufacturer's instruction manuals applicable to each particular apparatus
1.3
GENERAL SCOPE OF WORK
A. The Electrical Contractor Owner shall engage and pay for the services of a recognized
independent testing firm for the purpose of performing inspections and tests as herein
specified.
B. The testing firm shall provide all material, equipment, labor, and technical supervision to
perform such tests and inspections.
1.4
FIELD TESTING AND OPERATIONAL CHECK
A. General Scope:
1. Perform field testing and operational checks to assure that all electrical equipment, both
contractor and Owner supplied, is operational within industry and manufacturer's
tolerances and is installed in accordance with Contract Documents.
2. The tests and operational check shall determine the suitability for energization.
3. Schedule tests and give a minimum of 30 working days advance notice to the
Architect/Owner.
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4. Reports: Prepare written reports of test results and observations. Report defective
materials and workmanship. Include complete records of repairs and adjustments.
5. Labeling: Upon satisfactory completion of tests and related effort, apply a label to tested
components indicating test results, date, and responsible person and organization.
1.5
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Reference to codes, standards, specifications and recommendations of technical societies, trade
organizations and governmental agencies shall mean that latest edition of such publications
adopted and published prior to submittal of the bid. Such codes or standards shall be
considered a part of this Specification as though fully repeated herein.
B. Work shall be performed in accordance with all applicable requirements of the latest edition of
all governing codes, rules and regulations including but not limited to the following minimum
standards, whether statutory or not:
1. National Electrical Code - NEC
2. National Electrical Manufacturer's Association - NEMA
3. American Society for Testing and Materials - ASTM
4. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers - IEEE
5. International Electrical Testing Association - NETA
6. American National Standards Institute - ANSI
a. ANSI C2: National Electrical Safety Code
b. ANSI Z244-1: American National Standard for Personnel Protection
7. State and Local Codes and Ordinances
8. Insulated Cable Engineers Association - ICEA
9. Association of Edison Illuminating Companies - AEIC
10. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
a. OSHA Part 1910: Subpart S, 1910.308
b. OSHA Part 1926: Subpart V, 1926.950 through 1926.960
11. National Fire Protection Association - NFPA
a. ANSI/NFPA 70B: Electrical Equipment Maintenance
b. NFPA 70E: Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces
c. ANSI/NFPA 70: National Electrical Code
d. ANSI/NFPA 78: Lightning Protection Code
e. ANSI/NFPA 101: Life Safety Code
1.6
QUALIFICATIONS OF TESTING AGENCY
A. The testing firm shall be a corporately independent testing organization which can function as
an unbiased testing authority, professionally independent of the manufacturers, suppliers, and
installers of equipment or systems evaluated by the testing firm.
B. The testing firm shall be regularly engaged in the testing of electrical equipment devices,
installations, and systems.
C. The testing firm shall have been engaged in such practices for a minimum of five years.
D. The testing firm shall meet federal OSHA criteria for accreditation of testing laboratories, Title
29, Parts 1907, 1910, and 1936. Full membership in the International Electrical Testing
Association (NETA) constitutes proof of such criteria.
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E. The lead, on site, technical person shall be currently certified by the International Electrical
Testing Association (NETA) in Electrical Power Distribution System Testing.
F. Testing firm shall utilize only full-time technicians who are regularly employed by the firm for
testing services. Electrically unskilled employees are not permitted to perform testing or
assistance of any kind. Electricians and/or linemen may assist, but may not perform testing
and/or inspection services.
G. The testing firm shall submit proof of the above qualifications with bid documents when
requested.
H. All instruments used by the testing firm to evaluate electrical performance shall meet NETA's
Specifications for Test Instruments. (See Section 3 of this specification.)
1.7
I.
The terms used here within such as Test Agency, Test Contractor, Testing Laboratory, or
Contractor Test Company, shall be construed to mean testing firm.
J.
Each on-site crew leader shall hold a current registered certification in electrical testing
applicable to each type of apparatus to be inspected or tested. The certification in electrical
testing shall be issued by an independent, nationally-recognized, technician certification
agency. The following entities shall qualify as independent, nationally-recognized, technician
certification agencies:
1. InterNational Electrical Testing Association (NETA) Accepted certifications:
a. Certified Technician/Level III
b. Certified Senior Technician/Level IV
2. National Institute of Certification in Engineering Technologies (NICET) Accepted
certifications specifically in Electrical Testing Engineering Technology:
a. Engineering Technician/Level III
b. Senior Engineering Technician/Level IV
DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITY
A. The following items of work will have been provided under by the Division 16 contractor for
all distribution and utilization equipment prior to and in addition to tests performed by the
testing firm specified herein.
1. Insulation Resistance: 1000-volt DC tests for one minute on all 600 volt and lower rated
equipment, feeder and branch circuit conductors, including the neutral. Review the
electrical contractor's typed record of all readings that are to be included in the
maintenance instructions. Circuits showing less than 10 megohms resistance to ground
were repaired or replaced.
2. Circuit Continuity: All feeders and branch circuits were tested for continuity. All neutrals
were tested for improper grounds.
3. Equipment Operation: Motors were tested for correct operation and rotation.
B. The electrical contractor shall supply a suitable and stable source of electrical power to each
test site. The testing firm shall specify the specific power requirements.
C. The electrical contractor shall notify the testing firm when equipment becomes available for
acceptance tests. Work shall be coordinated to expedite project scheduling.
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D. The project architect shall supply a complete set of electrical plans, specifications and any
pertinent change orders to the testing firm prior to commencement of testing.
E. The testing firm shall notify the PSU engineer prior to commencement of any testing.
F. Any system, material or workmanship which is found defective on the basis of acceptance
tests shall be reported.
G. The testing firm shall maintain a written record of all tests and upon completion of project,
assemble and certify a final test report. Refer to section 3 for further information on test
reports.
1.8
SAFETY AND PRECAUTIONS
A. This document does not include any procedures, including specific safety procedures. It is
recognized that an overwhelming majority of the tests and inspections recommended in these
specifications are potentially hazardous. Inherent in this determination is the prerequisite that
individuals performing these tests be capable of conducting the tests in a safe manner and with
complete knowledge of the hazards involved.
B. Safety practices shall include, but are not limited to, the following requirements:
1. Occupational Safety and Health Act.
2. Accident Prevention Manual for Industrial Operations, National Safety Council.
3. Applicable State and Local safety operating procedures.
4. NETA Safety/Accident Prevention Program.
5. Owner's safety practices.
6. ANSI/NFPA 70E, Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces.
7. ANSI Z244.1 American National Standards for Personnel Protection.
C. All tests shall be performed with apparatus de-energized except where otherwise specifically
required.
D. The testing firm shall have a designated safety representative on the project to supervise
operations with respect to safety.
1.9
JOB CONDITIONS
A. Examination of Site: The Contractor shall visit the site and thoroughly review the locale,
working conditions, conflicting utilities and the conditions in which the electrical testing work
will take place. Verify all existing conditions in the field. No allowances will be made
subsequently for any costs which may be incurred because of any error or omission due to
failure to examine the site.
B. Supervision: Contractor shall personally or through an authorized and competent
representative constantly supervise the work from beginning to completion and, within reason,
keep the same foreman and workmen on the project throughout the project duration.
1.10
LOW VOLTAGE INSULATED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER TESTING
A. General: Perform and document the following tests, as applicable, on the following circuit
breakers (C.B.):
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1. All drawout C.B.'s including the spare C.B.'s.
2. All 100 amp frame and larger C.B.'s, including the spare C.B.'s.
3. 100% of all the C.B.'s that serve mechanical equipment.
B. Visual and Mechanical Inspection:
1. Circuit breaker shall be checked for proper mounting.
2. Operate circuit breaker to ensure smooth operation.
3. Inspect case for cracks or other defects.
4. Check tightness of connections with calibrated torque wrench. Refer to manufacturer's
instruction or NETA Table 11.1 for proper torque levels.
5. Check internals on unsealed units.
6. Check for proper conductor and conduit size per the feeder schedule in the construction
documents and proper nameplates and feeder designations.
C. Electrical Tests:
1. Perform a contact resistance test or measure millivolt drop at rated current.
2. Perform an insulation resistance test at 1000 volts dc for one (1) minute from pole-to-pole
and from each pole-to-ground with breaker closed and across open contacts of each phase.
3. Adjustable trip breakers shall have minimum pickup current determined by primary
current injection where applicable.
4. Perform long time delay time-current characteristic tests by passing three hundred percent
(300%) rated current through each pole separately. Determine trip time.
5. Determine short time pickup and delay by primary current injection if applicable to the
particular breaker.
6. Determine ground fault pickup and time delay by primary current injection if applicable to
the particular breaker.
7. Determine instantaneous pickup current by primary injection using run-up or pulse
method. Clearing times shall be within four (4) cycles.
8. Verify trip unit reset characteristics.
9. Perform adjustments for final settings in accordance based on the data generated from the
short circuit/coordination studies if applicable to the particular breaker.
10. Verify correct operation of all accessories; shunt trips, electric operators, status indicating
lights, etc.
D. Test Values:
1. Compare contact resistance or millivolt drop values to adjacent poles and similar breakers.
Investigate deviations of more than fifty percent (50%). Investigate any value exceeding
manufacturer's recommendations.
2. Insulation resistance shall not be less than 100 megohms.
3. Trip characteristic of adjustable trip breakers shall fall within manufacturer's published
time-current characteristic tolerance band.
4. All trip times shall fall within NETA Table 8.6.1.1. Circuit breakers exceeding maximum
three hundred percent (300%) time shall be replaced. (Reference Table 201 NEMA Std.
AB-2.)
5. Instantaneous pickup values shall be within values shown on Table 8.6.1.2. (Reference
Table 2-1 NEMA Std. AB-2.)
1.11
MOLDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER TESTING
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A. General: Perform and document the following tests, as applicable, on the following circuit
breakers (C.B.):
1. All C.B.'s including the spare C.B.'s.
2. All 100 amp frame and larger C.B.'s, including the spare C.B.'s.
3. 100% of all the C.B.'s that serve mechanical equipment.
B. Visual and mechanical inspection: Include the following inspections and related work.
1. Overcurrent-Protective-Device Ratings and Settings: Verify indicated ratings and settings
to be appropriate for final system arrangement and parameters. Where discrepancies are
found, test organization shall recommend final protective device ratings and settings. Use
accepted revised ratings or settings to make the final system adjustments.
2. Inspect for defects and physical damage, NRTL labeling, and nameplate compliance with
current single line diagram.
3. Exercise and perform operational tests of all mechanical components and other operable
devices in accordance with manufacturer's instruction manual.
4. Check tightness of electrical connections of OCPDs with calibrated torque wrench. Refer
to manufacturer's instructions for proper torque values.
5. Clean OCPDs using manufacturer's approved methods and materials.
6. Verify installation of proper fuse types and ratings in fusible OCPDs.
C. Electrical Tests: Include the following items performed in accordance with manufacturer's
instructions:
1. Insulation resistance test of OCPD conducting parts. Insulation resistance less than 100
megohms is not acceptable.
2. Contact resistance test or measurement of millivolt drop across contacts of drawout circuit
breakers and fused power circuit devices at rated current. Compare contact resistance or
millivolt drop values of adjacent poles and of similar breakers. Deviations of more than
50 percent are not acceptable.
3. Insulation resistance test of fused power circuit devices and insulated-case and
molded-case circuit breakers over 600-ampere frame size at 1000 V d.c. for one minute
from pole to pole and from each pole to ground with breaker closed and across open
contacts of each phase. Insulation resistance less than 100 megohms is not acceptable.
4. Use primary current injection to check performance characteristics of trip units of
insulated-case circuit breakers and molded-case breakers over 600-ampere frame size.
Trip characteristics not falling within manufacturer's published time-current characteristic
tolerance bands when adjusted to approved parameters are not acceptable. Perform the
following tests:
a. Determine minimum pickup current acceptable per manufacturer's instructions.
b. Determine long-time delay at 300 percent pickup current.
c. Determine short-time-pickup current and corresponding delay time.
d. Determine ground-fault current pickup and corresponding delay time.
e. Determine instantaneous pickup current value.
5. Verify trip unit reset characteristics for insulated-case circuit breakers.
6. Make adjustments for final settings of adjustable-trip devices.
7. Activate auxiliary protective devices such as ground fault or undervoltage relays, to verify
operation of shunt-trip devices.
8. Check key and other interlock and safety devices for operation and sequence. Make
closing attempts on locked-open and opening attempts on locked-closed devices including
moveable barriers and shutters.
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1.12
DRY TYPE TRANSFORMER TESTING
A. General: Perform and document the following tests:
B. Visual and Mechanical Inspection:
1. Inspect for physical damage, proper anchorage and grounding, and proper installation in
compliance with the manufacturer's instructions.
2. Thoroughly clean unit prior to making any tests. Check for cleanliness of interior and
insulator surfaces.
3. Inspect for code violations.
4. Inspect for proper identification of protective devices and switches.
5. Check tightness of bolted terminations, with calibrated torque wrench, in accordance with
manufacturer's recommended torque levels or NETA Table 11.1.
C. Electrical Tests:
1. Perform insulation resistance test. Calculate dielectric absorption ratio. Measurements
shall be made from winding-to-winding and winding-to-ground. Test voltages and
minimum resistances shall be made in accordance with NETA Table 8.2.3. Results to be
temperature corrected in accordance with NETA Table 8.2.4.
2. Verify taps if applicable and connect transformer to desired tap.
1.13
ELECTRICAL GROUNDING SYSTEM TESTING
A. General: Perform and document the following tests, as applicable, on all distribution and
grounding equipment:
B. Visual and Mechanical Inspection:
1. Inspect ground system for compliance with plans and specifications.
C. Electrical Tests:
1. Perform three (3) point fall-of-potential test per IEEE Standard No. 81, Section 9.04 on
the main grounding electrode or system.
2. Perform the two (2) point method test per IEEE No. 81, Section 9.03 to determine the
ground resistance between the main grounding system and all major electrical equipment
frames, system neutral and/or derived neutral points.
D. Test Values:
1. The main ground electrode system resistance to ground should be no greater than five (5)
ohms for commercial or industrial systems and one (1) ohm or less for generating or
transmission station grounds unless otherwise specified by the project electrical engineer.
1.14
INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS
A. General: Perform and document the following tests on all instrument transformers (PT's and
CT's):
B. Visual and Mechanical Inspection:
1. Inspect for physical damage, cracked insulation, broken leads, tightness of connections,
defective wiring, overall general condition and nameplate information for compliance with
instructions and specification requirements.
2. Verify phase rotation and phasing.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
Verify proper connection of transformers with system requirements.
Verify proper primary and secondary fuse sizes as indicated on potential transformers.
Verify proper interlock function, and contact operation.
Verify tightness of all bolted connections and assure adequate clearances exist between
primary circuits to secondary circuit wiring.
7. Verify that all required grounding and shorting connections provide good contact.
8. Test proper operation of transformer withdrawal mechanism (tip out) and grounding
operation when applicable.
C. Electrical Tests - Current Transformers:
1. Perform insulation resistance test of the current transformer and current transformer wiring
to ground at 500 volts dc for 30 seconds. Disconnect ground connection at ground
connection point in the circuit for this test. Do not perform this test on solid state devices.
2. Perform a polarity test of each current transformer.
3. Perform a ratio verification test of each current transformer. This shall be performed using
the voltage method or current method in accordance with ANSI C57.13.1.
4. Perform an excitation test on transformers used for relaying applications in accordance
with ANSI C57.13.1.
5. Measure relaying circuit burdens at current transformer terminals and determine the total
burden in ohms at 60 hertz.
6. Perform a dc dielectric withstandability test on the primary windings with the secondary
windings connected to ground. The dc dielectric voltage should be in accordance with
NETA Table 8.10.1.
D. Electrical Tests - Potential Transformers:
1. Perform insulation resistance tests on voltage transformers, winding-to-winding and
windings-to-ground. Test voltages and minimum resistances shall be in accordance with
NETA Table 8.2.1. Results to be temperature corrected in accordance with NETA Table
8.2.2. Do not perform this test on solid state devices.
2. Perform a polarity test on each transformer to verify the polarity marks or H1-X1
relationship as applicable. The test may be performed with a TTR type ratio set or by the
inductive kick method in accordance with ANSI C-57.13.
3. Perform a ratio test using a transformer-turns-ratio test set or by the voltage comparison
method.
4. Perform a dc dielectric withstandability test on the primary windings with the secondary
windings connected to ground. The dc dielectric voltage shall be in accordance with
NETA Table 8.10.1.
5. Verify secondary voltage by energizing primary winding with system voltage. Measure
secondary voltage with the secondary wiring disconnected.
6. Perform secondary wiring integrity test. Disconnect transformer at secondary terminals
and connect secondary wiring to proper secondary voltage. Check for proper potential at
all devices.
E. Test Values:
1. Insulation resistance measurement on any instrument transformer comparison or wiring
shall be not less than that shown in NETA Table 8.1.1.
2. Excitation current on current transformers shall not deviate from the manufacturer's
published excitation value or from each adjacent current transformer by more than fifty
percent (50%).
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3. Perform a burden/saturation calculation on current transformers supplying relaying
circuits.
1.15
METERING AND INSTRUMENTATION TESTING
A. General: Perform and document the following tests on all meters and other control or
annunciation devices:
B. Visual and Mechanical Inspection:
1. Examine all devices for broken parts, indication of shipping damage and wire connection
tightness.
2. Verify that meter connections are in accordance with appropriate wiring diagrams.
C. Electrical Tests:
1. Check calibration of meters at all cardinal points.
2. Verify all instrument multipliers.
1.16
AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCHES (ATS)
A. General: Perform and document the following tests on all ATS's:
B. Visual and Mechanical Inspection
1. Compare equipment nameplate data with drawings and specifications.
2. Inspect physical and mechanical condition.
3. Confirm correct application of manufacturer’s recommended lubricants.
4. Verify that manual transfer warnings are attached and visible.
5. Verify tightness of all control connections.
6. Inspect all bolted electrical connections for high resistance using one of the following
methods:
a. Use of low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Electrical Tests.
b. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical connections by calibrated torquewrench method in accordance with manufacturer’s published data or NETA Table
10.12.
c. Perform thermographic survey in accordance with NETA Section 9.
7. Perform manual transfer operation.
8. Verify positive mechanical interlocking between normal and alternate sources.
C. Electrical Tests
1. Perform a contact-resistance test.
2. Perform resistance measurements through all bolted connections with low-resistance
ohmmeter, if applicable, in accordance with Visual and Mechanical Inspection.
3. Perform insulation-resistance on each pole, phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground with
switch closed and across each open pole for one minute. Perform tests in both source
positions. Test voltage shall be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data or Table
NETA 10.1.
4. Calculate polarization index.
5. Verify settings and operation of control devices.
6. Calibrate and set all relays and timers in accordance with NETA Section 7.9.
7. Perform automatic transfer tests:
a. Simulate loss of normal power.
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b. Return to normal power.
c. Simulate loss of emergency power.
d. Simulate all forms of single-phase conditions.
8. Verify correct operation and timing of the following functions:
a. Normal source voltage-sensing relays.
b. Engine start sequence.
c. Time delay upon transfer.
d. Alternate source voltage-sensing relays.
e. Automatic transfer operation.
f. Interlocks and limit switch function.
g. Time delay and retransfer upon normal power restoration.
h. Engine cooldown and shutdown feature.
D. Test Values
1. Compare bolted connection resistance to values of similar connections.
2. Bolt-torque levels should be in accordance with Table 10.12 unless otherwise specified by
manufacturer.
3. Minimum insulation-resistance shall be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data
or NETA Table 10.1.
4. Microhm or millivolt drop values shall not exceed the high levels of the normal range as
indicated in the manufacturer’s published data. If manufacturer’s data is not available,
investigate any values which deviate from similar connections by more than 50 percent of
the lowest value.
1.17
LIQUID FILLED TRANSFORMERS
A. General: Perform and document the following tests:
B. Visual and Manual Inspection:
1. Inspect for physical damage, cracked insulators, leaks, tightness of connections, and
general mechanical and electrical conditions.
2. Inspect impact recorder prior to unloading transformer if applicable.
3. Verify removal of any shipping bracing after final placement.
4. Compare equipment nameplate information with latest single line diagram.
5. Verify proper auxiliary device operation.
6. Check tightness of accessible bolted electrical connections in accordance with NETA
Table 11.1.
7. Verify proper liquid level in all tanks and bushings.
8. Perform specific inspections and mechanical tests as recommended by manufacturer.
9. Verify proper equipment grounding.
C. Electrical Tests:
1. Perform insulation resistance tests, winding-to-winding and windings-to-ground, utilizing
a megohmmeter with test voltage output as shown in NETA Table 8.2.1.
a. Test duration shall be for 10 minutes with resistances tabulated at 30 seconds, 1
minute, and 10 minutes. Calculate dielectric absorption ratio and polarization index.
2. Perform a turns ratio test between windings for all tap positions. The final tap setting is to
be determined by the project electrical engineer and set by the testing laboratory. Test
results shall be in accordance with paragraph D2 of this section.
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3. Insulating liquid shall be sampled in accordance with ASTM D-923. Sample shall be
laboratory tested for:
a. Dielectric breakdown voltage: ASTM D-877 or ASTM D-1816
b. Acid neutralization number: ASTM D-974
c. Specific gravity: ASTM D-1298
d. Interfacial tension: ASTM D-971 or ASTM D-2285
e. Color: ASTM D-1500
f. Visual Condition: ASTM D-1524
g. PPM water: ASTM D-1533. Required on 25 kV or higher voltages and on all
silicone filled units. Acceptable values shall be in accordance with paragraph D7 of
this Section.
h. Perform insulation power factor tests or dissipation factor tests on all windings and
bushings. Overall dielectric-loss and power factor (CH, CL, CHL) shall be determined.
Test voltages should be limited to the line to ground voltage rating of the transformer
winding.
i. Perform winding resistance tests on each winding at nominal tap position.
Acceptance values shall be in accordance with paragraph D6 of this Section.
j. Verify proper core grounding if accessible.
D. Test Values:
1. Insulation resistance and absorption test. Test voltages to be in accordance with NETA
Table 8.2.1. Resistance values to be temperature corrected in accordance with NETA
Table 8.2.4.
2. The dielectric absorption ratio and polarization index should be above 1.5 unless an
extremely high value is obtained initially, such that when doubled will not yield a
meaningful value.
3. Turns ratio test results shall not deviate more than one half percent (0.5%) from either the
adjacent coils or the calculated ratio.
4. Maximum power factor of liquid filled transformers corrected to 20oC shall be in
accordance with NETA Table 8.2.1.
5. Bushing power factors and capacitances should not vary from nameplate values by more
than ten percent (10%).
6. Excitation current test data pattern: Two similar current readings for outside coils and a
dissimilar current reading for the center coil of a three phase unit.
7. Dielectric fluid should comply with NETA Table 8.2.2.
1.18
DRY TYPE SERVICE TRANSFORMERS
A. General: Perform and document the following tests:
B. Visual and Mechanical Inspection
1. Compare equipment nameplate data with drawings and specifications.
2. Inspect physical, electrical, and mechanical condition.
3. Verify that control and alarm settings on temperature indicators are as specified.
4. Verify that cooling fans operate and that fan motors have correct overcurrent protection.
5. Inspect all bolted electrical connections for high resistance using one of the following
methods:
a. Use of low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Section 7.2.1.2.2 (Electrical
Tests).
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6.
7.
8.
9.
b. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical connections by calibrated torquewrench method in accordance with manufacturer’s published data or Table 10.12.
c. Perform thermographic survey in accordance with Section 9.
Perform specific inspections and mechanical tests as recommended by manufacturer.
Verify that resilient mounts are free and that any shipping brackets have been removed.
Verify that the core, frame, and enclosure groundings are correct.
Verify the presence of transformer surge arresters.Verify that as-left tap connections are as
specified.
C. Electrical Tests
1. Perform insulation-resistance tests winding-to-winding and each winding-to-ground with
test voltage in accordance with Table 10.5.
2. Calculate polarization index.
3. Perform resistance measurements through all bolted connections with low-resistance
ohmmeter, if applicable, in accordance with Section 7.2.1.2.1 (Visual and Mechanical
inspection).
4. Perform power-factor or dissipation-factor tests in accordance with the test equipment
manufacturer’s published data.
5. Perform a turns-ratio test on all tap connections. Verify that winding polarities are in
accordance with nameplate.
6. **Perform an excitation-current test on each phase.
7. **Measure the resistance of each winding at each tap connection.
8. Measure core insulation resistance at 500 volts dc if core is insulated and if the core
ground strap is removable.
9. **Perform an overpotential test on all high- and low-voltage windings-to-ground.
10. Verify correct secondary voltage phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral after energization
and prior to loading.
D. Test Values
1. Compare bolted connection resistances to values of similar connections.
2. Bolt-torque levels should be in accordance with Table 10.12 unless otherwise specified by
manufacturer.
3. Microhm or millivolt drop values shall not exceed the high levels of the normal range as
indicated in the manufacturer’s published data. If manufacturer’s data is not available,
investigate any values which deviate from similar connections by more than 50 percent of
the lowest value.
4. Insulation-resistance test values at one minute should not be less than the values calculated
in accordance with the formula in Table 10.5. Results shall be temperature corrected in
accordance with Table 10.14.
5. The polarization index shall be greater than 1.0 and shall be recorded for future reference.
6. Turns-ratio test results shall not deviate more than one-half percent from either the
adjacent coils or the calculated ratio.
7. CH and CL dissipation-factor/power-factor values will vary due to support insulators and
bus work utilized on dry transformers. The following is expected on CHL power factors:
a. Power Transformers: one percent or less
b. Distribution Transformers: three percent or less
c. Consult transformer manufacturer’s or test equipment manufacturer’s data for
additional information.
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8. Winding resistance test results, after factoring in temperature corrections, should compare
within one percent of factory obtained results except in instances of extremely low
resistance values.
9. Typical excitation current test data pattern for a three-legged core transformer is two
similar current readings and one lower current reading.
10. Core insulation resistance values should be comparable to factory obtained results but not
less than one megohm at 500 volts dc.
11. AC overpotential test shall not exceed 75 percent of factory test voltage for one minute
duration. DC overpotential test shall not exceed 100 percent of the factory RMS test
voltage for one minute duration. The insulation shall withstand the overpotential test
voltage applied.
1.19
MEDIUM VOLTAGE CABLES
A. General: Perform and document the following tests on all medium voltage cables:
B. Visual and Mechanical Inspection
1. Compare cable data with drawings and specifications.
2. Inspect exposed sections of cables for physical damage.
3. Inspect all bolted electrical connections for high resistance using one of the following
methods:
a. Use of low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Electrical Tests.
b. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical connections by calibrated torquewrench method in accordance with manufacturer’s published data or Table 10.12.
c. Perform thermographic survey in accordance with Section 9.
4. Inspect compression-applied connectors for correct cable match and indention.
5. Inspect for shield grounding, cable support, and termination.
6. Verify that visible cable bends meet or exceed ICEA and/or manufacturer’s minimum
allowable bending radius.
7. Inspect fireproofing in common cable areas, if specified.
8. If cables are terminated through window-type current transformers, make an inspection to
verify that neutral and ground conductors are correctly placed and that shields are
correctly terminated for operation of protective devices.
9. Visually inspect jacket and insulation condition.
10. Inspect for correct identification and arrangements.
C. Electrical Tests
1. Perform a shield-continuity test on each power cable by ohmmeter method.
2. Perform an insulation-resistance test utilizing a megohmmeter with a voltage output of at
least 2500 volts. Individually test each conductor with all other conductors and shields
grounded. Test duration shall be one minute.
3. Perform resistance measurements through all bolted connections with low-resistance
ohmmeter, if applicable, in accordance with Visual and Mechanical Inspection.
4. Perform a dc high-potential test on all cables. Adhere to all precautions and limits as
specified in the applicable NEMA/ICEA Standard for the specific cable. Perform tests in
accordance with ANSI/IEEE Standard 400. Test procedure shall be as follows, and the
results for each cable test shall be recorded as specified herein. Test voltages shall not
exceed 80 percent of cable manufacturer’s factory test value or the maximum test voltage
in NETA Table 10.6.
a. Insure that the input voltage to the test set is regulated.
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b. Current-sensing circuits in test equipment shall measure only the leakage current
associated with the cable under test and shall not include internal leakage of the test
equipment.
c. Record wet- and dry-bulb temperatures or relative humidity and temperature.
d. Test each section of cable individually.
e. Individually test each conductor with all other conductors grounded. Ground all
shields.
f. Terminations shall be adequately corona-suppressed by guard ring, field reduction
sphere, or other suitable methods as necessary.
g. Insure that the maximum test voltage does not exceed the limits for terminators
specified in ANSI/IEEE Standard 48, IEEE 386, or manufacturer’s specifications.
h. Apply a dc high-potential test in at least five equal increments until maximum test
voltage is reached. No increment shall exceed the voltage rating of the cable. Record
dc leakage current at each step after a constant stabilization time consistent with
system charging current.
i. Raise the conductor to the specified maximum test voltage and hold for 15 minutes on
shielded cable and five minutes on nonshielded cable. Record readings of leakage
current at 30 seconds and one minute and at one minute intervals thereafter.
j. Reduce the conductor test potential to zero and measure residual voltage at discrete
intervals.
k. Apply grounds for a time period adequate to drain all insulation stored charge.
l. When new cables are spliced into existing cables, the dc high-potential test shall be
performed on the new cable prior to splicing in accordance with Section 7.3.2. After
test results are approved for new cable and the splice is completed, an insulationresistance test and a shield-continuity test shall be performed on the length of new and
existing cable including the splice. After a satisfactory insulation-resistance test, a dc
high-potential test shall be performed on the cable utilizing a test voltage acceptable to
owner and not exceeding 60 percent of factory test value.
D. Test Values
1. Compare bolted connection resistance to values of similar connections.
2. Bolt-torque levels should be in accordance with Table 10.12 unless otherwise specified by
manufacturer.
3. Microhm or millivolt drop values shall not exceed the high levels of the normal range as
indicated in the manufacturer’s published data. If manufacturer’s data is not available,
investigate any values which deviate from similar connections by more than 50 percent of
the lowest value.
4. Shielding shall exhibit continuity. Investigate resistance values in excess of ten ohms per
1000 feet of cable.
5. **Graphic plots may be made of leakage current versus step voltage at each increment and
leakage current versus time at final test voltages.
a. The step voltage slope should be reasonably linear.
b. Capacitive and absorption current should decrease continually until steady state
leakage is approached.
E. Product, Installation and Testing Failures:
1. If any primary cable fails, or tests, in the opinion of the testing agency, show unacceptable
cable defects, all cables in that conduit between the nearest pulling points on each side of
the failure shall be withdrawn. If, in the opinion of the testing agency, other cables that
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Medium Voltage Testing and Maintenance Project
may have been installed in the same duct are not damaged, they may be reinstalled, but the
failed cable shall be replaced with new cable without additional cost by the Owner.
2. After replacement of the faulty cable, and any other damaged cables and cables of the
circuit in that conduit shall be retested. If the cable fails again, or if tests, in the opinion of
the testing agency, show unacceptable cable defects, all cables shall be replaced without
cost and this procedure shall be repeated until tests prove satisfactory.
3. Report all unacceptable cables to the Engineer.
1.20
METAL ENCLOSED - MEDIUM VOLTAGE AIR SWITCHES - MEDIUM VOLTAGE
SECTIONALIZING SWITCHES
A. General: Perform and document the following tests on all medium voltage equipment:
B. Visual and Mechanical Inspection:
1. Inspect for physical and mechanical condition.
2. Compare equipment nameplate information with latest single line diagram and report
discrepancies.
3. Check for proper anchorage and required area clearances.
4. Inspect all doors, panels, and sections for paint, dents, scratches, and fit.
5. Verify that fuse sizes and types correspond to drawings.
6. Perform mechanical operator tests in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
7. Check blade pressure, alignment, and arc interrupter operation.
8. Check fuse link or element and holder for proper current rating.
9. Verify that condensers are in place on all holders having expulsion type elements.
10. Check each fuse holder for adequate mechanical support for each fuse.
11. Inspect all bus connections for tightness of bolted bus joints by calibrated torque wrench
method. Refer to manufacturer's instructions or NETA Table 11.1 for proper torque
levels.
12. Test all electrical and mechanical interlock systems for proper operation and sequencing.
a. Make closure attempt on locked open devices and opening attempt on locked closed
devices.
b. Make key exchange with devices operated in offnormal positions.
13. Clean entire switch using manufacturer's approved methods and materials.
14. Verify proper phase barrier materials and installation.
15. Lubricate as required.
a. Lightly apply contact lubricant on moving current carrying parts.
b. Apply appropriate lubrication on moving and sliding surfaces.
16. Check open and closed switch blade clearances with manufacturer's published data.
17. Exercise all active components.
18. Inspect all indicating devices for proper operation.
C. Electrical Tests:
1. Perform insulation resistance tests on each pole, phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground for
one (1) minute. Test voltage and minimum resistances should be in accordance with
NETA Table 11.2.
2. Perform a dc overpotential test on each pole with switch closed. Test each pole-to-ground
with all other poles grounded for five (5) minutes at values indicated in NETA Table 8.1.2
or manufacturer's recommended potential. Refer to Section 8.5.1.2.3.2 before performing
test.
3. Perform contact resistance test across each switch blade and fuse holder.
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D. Test Values:
1. Bolt torque levels shall be in accordance with NETA Table 11.1 unless otherwise
specified by manufacturer.
2. Perform insulation resistance test in accordance with NETA Table 8.1.1. Investigate
values of insulation resistance less than this table or manufacturer's minimum.
Overpotential tests should not proceed until insulation resistance levels are raised to said
minimum.
3. Determine contact resistance in micro-ohms. Investigate any value exceeding 100
microohms or any values which deviate from adjacent poles or similar switches by more
than fifty percent (50%).
1.21
MEDIUM VOLTAGE VACUUM CIRCUIT BREAKER AND VACUUM FAULT
INTERRUPTER SWITCHGEAR
A. General: Perform and document the following tests on all medium voltage breakers:
B. Visual and Mechanical Inspection
1. Compare equipment nameplate data with drawings and specifications.
2. Inspect physical and mechanical condition.
3. Confirm correct application of manufacturer’s recommended lubricants.
4. Inspect anchorage, alignment, and grounding.
5. Perform all mechanical operational tests on both the circuit breaker and its operating
mechanism.
6. Measure critical distances such as contact gap as recommended by manufacturer.
7. Inspect all bolted electrical connections for high resistance using one of the following
methods:
a. Use of low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Section 7.6.2.3.2 (Electrical
Tests).
b. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical connections by calibrated torquewrench method in accordance with manufacturer’s published data or NETA Table
10.12.
c. Perform thermographic survey in accordance with NETA Section 9.
8. Perform timing tests.
9. Record as-found and as-left operation counter readings.
C. Electrical Tests
1. Perform a contact-resistance test.
2. **Perform minimum pickup voltage tests on trip and close coils.
3. Verify trip, close, trip-free, and antipump function.
4. Trip circuit breaker by operation of each protective device.
5. Perform resistance measurements through all bolted connections with low-resistance
ohmmeter, if applicable, in accordance with Section 7.6.2.3.1 (Visual and Mechanical
Inspection).
6. Perform insulation-resistance tests pole-to-pole, pole-to-ground, and across open poles at
2500 volts minimum
7. Perform vacuum bottle integrity (overpotential) test across each vacuum bottle with the
breaker in the open position in strict accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
8. **Perform insulation-resistance tests at 1000 volts on all control wiring dc. For units with
solid-state components, follow manufacturer’s recommendations.
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Medium Voltage Testing and Maintenance Project
9. **Perform dissipation-factor/power-factor tests on each pole with the breaker open and
each phase with the breaker closed.
10. **Perform dissipation-factor/power-factor tests on each bushing. Use conductive straps
and hot collar procedures if bushings are not equipped with a power factor tap.
11. **Perform an overpotential test in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
D. Test Values
1. Compare bolted connection resistance to values of similar connections.
2. Bolt-torque levels should be in accordance with NETA Table 10.12 unless otherwise
specified by manufacturer.
3. Microhm or millivolt drop values shall not exceed the high levels of the normal range as
indicated in the manufacturer’s published data. If manufacturer’s data is not available,
investigate any values which deviate from similar connections by more than 50 percent of
the lowest value.
4. Circuit breaker insulation resistance should be in accordance with NETA Table 10.1.
5. Contact displacement shall be in accordance with factory recorded data marked on the
nameplate of each vacuum breaker or bottle.
6. The interrupter shall withstand the overpotential voltage applied.
7. Compare circuit breaker timing values to manufacturer’s published data.
8. Control wiring insulation resistance should be a minimum of two megohms.
9. Dissipation-factor/power-factor test results shall be compared to manufacturer’s published
data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data the comparison shall be made to
similar breakers.
10. Dissipation-factor/power-factor and capacitance test results should be within ten percent
of nameplate rating for bushings.
11. The insulation shall withstand the overpotential test voltage applied.
1.22
MEDIUM-VOLTAGE VACUUM SWITCHES:
A. Visual and Mechanical Inspection
1. Compare equipment nameplate data with drawings and specifications.
2. Inspect physical and mechanical condition.
3. Inspect anchorage, alignment, and grounding.
4. Perform all mechanical operation and contact alignment tests on both the switch and its
operating mechanism.
5. Check each fuse holder for adequate support and contact.
6. Verify that fuse sizes and types correspond to drawings.
7. Test all electrical and mechanical interlock systems for correct operation and sequencing.
8. Inspect all bolted electrical connections for high resistance using one of the following
methods:
a. Use of low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Electrical Tests.
b. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical connections by calibrated torquewrench method in accordance with manufacturer’s published data or NETA Table
10.12.
c. Perform thermographic survey in accordance with NETA Section 9.
9. Verify that insulating oil level is correct, if applicable.
B. Electrical Tests
1. Perform resistance measurements through all bolted electrical connections with a lowresistance ohmmeter, if applicable. See Visual and Mechanical Inspection.
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Medium Voltage Testing and Maintenance Project
2. Perform a contact-resistance test.
3. Verify open and close operation from control devices, if applicable.
4. Perform insulation-resistance tests pole-to-pole, pole-to-ground, and across open poles at
2500 volts minimum.
5. Perform vacuum bottle integrity (overpotential) test across each vacuum bottle with the
switch in the open position in strict accordance with manufacturer’s published data. Do
not exceed maximum voltage stipulated for this test. Provide adequate barriers and
protection against x-radiation during this test. Do not perform this test unless the contact
displacement of each interrupter is within manufacturer’s tolerance. (Be aware that some
dc high-potential test sets are half-wave rectified and may produce peak voltages in excess
of the switch manufacturer’s recommended maximum.)
6. Remove a sample of insulating liquid, if applicable, in accordance with ASTM D-923.
Sample shall be tested in accordance with the referenced standard.
a. Dielectric breakdown voltage: ASTM D-877
b. Color: ASTM D-1500
c. Visual condition: ASTM D-1524
7. **Perform insulation-resistance tests on all control wiring at 1000 volts dc. For units with
solid-state components, follow manufacturer’s recommendations.
8. **Perform an overpotential test in accordance with manufacturer’s published data.
C. Test Values
1. Compare bolted connection resistances to values of similar connections.
2. Bolt-torque levels should be in accordance with NETA Table 10.12 unless otherwise
specified by manufacturer.
3. Microhm or millivolt drop values shall not exceed the high levels of the normal range as
indicated in the manufacturer’s published data. If manufacturer’s data is not available,
investigate any values which deviate from adjacent poles or similar switches by more than
50 percent of the lowest value.
4. Contact displacement shall be in accordance with factory recorded data marked on the
nameplate of each vacuum switch or bottle.
5. The vacuum bottles shall withstand the overpotential voltage applied.
6. Control wiring insulation resistance should be a minimum of two megohms.
7. The insulation shall withstand the overpotential test voltage applied.
8. Insulating liquid test results shall be in accordance with NETA Table 10.4.
1.23
PROTECTIVE RELAYS
A. General: Perform and document the following tests on all protective relays:
B. Visual and Mechanical Inspection:
1. Inspect relays for physical damage and compliance with specifications.
2. Inspect cover gasket, cover glass, presence of foreign material, moisture, condition of
spiral spring, disc clearance, rust, contacts, and case shorting contacts if present.
3. Check mechanically for freedom of movement, proper travel and alignment, and tightness
of mounting hardware and tap screws.
4. Perform adjustments for final settings in accordance with the data generated from the short
circuit/coordination studies, if applicable to the particular relay.
C. Electrical Tests:
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Medium Voltage Testing and Maintenance Project
1. Perform insulation resistance test on each circuit to frame. Do not perform this test on
solid state devices.
2. Perform the following tests on the nominal settings specified by the project electrical
engineer:
a. Pickup parameters on each operating element.
b. Perform timing test at two (2) points on time dial curve.
c. Pickup target and seal-in units.
d. Special tests as required to check operation of restraint, directional and other elements
per manufacturer's instruction manual.
3. Perform phase angle and magnitude contribution tests on all differential and directional
type relays after energization to vectorially prove proper polarity and connection.
1.24
TESTING PROCEDURES AND SCHEDULES
A. Test Procedures: Type written recommended test procedures for each type of test shall be
submitted along with the system studies for approval by the Engineer prior to commencement
of the testing of the system components. Test procedures shall indicate the type of test
equipment that will be used during the testing.
B. Test Schedule: A type written schedule listing the number of workman that will be present,
the time and the date for each testing of each of the system's components shall be submitted
for approval by the Engineer prior to commencement of the testing.
PART 2 PRODUCTS (Not applicable)
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1
FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A. General: Perform tests to prove installation is in accordance with contract requirements.
Perform tests in presence of the Owner's representative and furnish test equipment, facilities
and technical personnel required to perform tests. Tests shall be conducted during the
construction period and at completion to determine conformity with applicable codes and with
the related Specifications.
B. Product, Installation and Testing Failures: Any installation or products or workmanship
which fail during the tests or are ruled unsatisfactory as a result of this testing shall be
replaced, repaired or corrected as prescribed by the Owner's representative at the expense of
the installing Electrical Contractor. Tests shall be performed again after repairs, replacements
or corrections are completed until satisfactory performance is demonstrated, without additional
cost to the Owner. Any system material which is found defective on the basis of performance
tests shall be reported directly to the Architect.
C. All devices and materials to perform the inspection and maintenance must be obtained prior to
commencing the work.
D. All instruments required must be available and in proper operating condition.
E. All disposable materials such as solvents, rags, and brushes required must be provided.
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Medium Voltage Testing and Maintenance Project
F. All equipment handling devices such as cranes, vehicles, chain falls, and other lifting
equipment must be available or scheduled.
G. All instruction books, calibration curves, or other printed material to cover the electric devices
must be available.
H. Data sheets to record all test results must be available before the work is started.
3.2
TEST INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION
A. The testing firm shall have a calibration program which assures that all applicable test
instrumentation are maintained within rated accuracy.
B. The accuracy shall be directly traceable to the National Bureau of Standards in an unbroken
chain.
C. Instruments shall be calibrated in accordance with the following frequency schedule:
1. Field instruments: Analog - 6 months maximum
2. Digital - 12 months maximum
3. Laboratory instruments: 12 months
4. Leased specialty equipment: 12 months (Where accuracy is guaranteed by lessor)
D. Dated calibration labels shall be visible on all test equipment.
E. Records must be kept up-to-date which show date and results of instruments calibrated or
tested.
F. An up-to-date instrument calibration instruction and procedure will be maintained for each test
instrument.
G. Calibrating standard shall be of higher accuracy than that of the instrument tested.
3.3
CLEANING
A. Cleaning: After all work has been completed, clean panelboards, switchboards and other
electrical equipment to remove dust, dirt, grease or other marks. Leave work in clean
condition.
3.4
TEST REPORTS
A. General: Submit three typed copies of the completed test reports on 8- 1/2" x 11" paper in a
neatly bound folders to the Architect no later than 10 working days after completion of test
unless directed otherwise. The test reports shall be bound and it contents certified. Failure to
comply with this will result in a delay of final testing and acceptance. Upon approval by the
Engineer and after all review comments from the Engineer have incorporated, if any, submit
four copies to the owner.
B. Short Circuit and Ground Fault System Studies: Provide a complete set of reports per section
1.06.
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Medium Voltage Testing and Maintenance Project
C. Equipment Test Reports: Provide a complete report listing every device, the date it was tested,
the procedures performed, the results and the date retested (if failure occurred during the
previous test). The test report shall indicate that every device tested successfully.
D. Test Report shall also include the following:
1. Summary of project.
2. Description of equipment tested.
3. Description of test.
4. Test results.
5. Conclusions and recommendations.
6. Appendix, including appropriate test forms.
7. Identification of test equipment used and their calibration date.
8. Signature of responsible test organization authority.
E. Set transformer taps to obtain the nominal secondary voltage rating indicated on drawings.
END OF SECTION
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