TIA-876
Contents
TABLES AND FIGURES ..........................................................................................................................................iii
FOREWORD .............................................................................................................................................................vii
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................viii
1.
SCOPE .................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2.
NORMATIVE REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................... 2
3.
DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................... 3
3.1
3.2
4.
DESCRIPTION OF MODEL ............................................................................................................................. 9
4.1
4.2
4.3
5.
DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................................................................................3
ACRONYMS.....................................................................................................................................................5
INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................................9
MODEL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................... 10
PHYSICAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE NETWORK MODEL .................................................................................. 11
IMPAIRMENT LEVEL SETUP ...................................................................................................................... 13
5.1 DEFINITION OF IMPAIRMENTS ............................................................................................................................ 13
5.1.1
Crosstalk .............................................................................................................................................. 13
5.1.1.1 Near-end crosstalk (NEXT) ................................................................................................................................... 13
5.1.1.2 Far-end crosstalk (FEXT) ...................................................................................................................................... 13
5.1.2
Loop Impairments ................................................................................................................................ 13
5.1.2.1 Bridged Taps.......................................................................................................................................................... 13
5.1.2.2 Amplitude Distortion ............................................................................................................................................. 13
5.1.2.3 Moisture ................................................................................................................................................................. 14
5.1.2.4 Temperature ........................................................................................................................................................... 14
5.1.3
Steady State Impairments..................................................................................................................... 14
5.1.3.1 Splitter/Distributed Filter ....................................................................................................................................... 14
5.1.3.2 Background Noise ................................................................................................................................................. 14
5.1.3.3 AC Induced Interference ........................................................................................................................................ 14
5.1.3.4 Longitudinal Balance ............................................................................................................................................. 14
5.1.3.5 PC Monitor Interference ........................................................................................................................................ 15
5.1.3.6 AM Radio Interference .......................................................................................................................................... 15
5.1.3.7 Premises End Crosstalk (PEXT) ............................................................................................................................ 15
5.1.4
Transient Impairments ......................................................................................................................... 15
5.1.4.1 CO Ringing Transients .......................................................................................................................................... 15
5.1.4.2 Ring Trip Transients .............................................................................................................................................. 15
5.1.4.3 On-Hook/Off-Hook Transients .............................................................................................................................. 15
5.1.4.4 Impulse Noise ........................................................................................................................................................ 15
5.2
DETAILED NETWORK ELEMENT MODELS ..................................................................................................... 17
5.2.1
Central Office (CO) Model .................................................................................................................. 17
5.2.2
Loop Models ........................................................................................................................................ 18
5.2.3
Drop Models ........................................................................................................................................ 18
5.2.3.1 Drop Model for Single Digital Service ................................................................................................................. 18
5.2.3.2 Drop Model for Second Service Environments .................................................................................................... 18
5.2.4
Drop Model for Business Entrance Cable .......................................................................................... 18
5.2.5
Models for Premises Wiring ................................................................................................................ 18
5.3
TEST SETUP .................................................................................................................................................. 18
5.4
IMPAIRMENT COMBINATION TABLES............................................................................................................ 23
5.4.1 Crosstalk Impairment Combination Tables ................................................................................................ 23
5.4.2 Specified Steady-State Impairments ............................................................................................................ 50
5.4.3 Specified Transient Impairments ............................................................................................................... 51
i
5.4.4 Network Model Coverage .......................................................................................................................... 52
A.1 TEST LOOP LIKELIHOODS OF OCCURENCE (LOOS) ........................................................................................... 54
A.2 TEST LOOPS ....................................................................................................................................................... 55
A.3 LOOP SIMULATOR IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................................................ 57
B.1
SINGLE FAMILY AND SMALL OFFICE PREMISES MODELS ............................................................................. 59
B.1.1
Daisy Chain Wiring (P1) ..................................................................................................................... 59
B.1.2
Star Wiring (P2) .................................................................................................................................. 59
B.1.3
Star Wiring (P3) with Central ADSL Splitter and Direct Line ............................................................ 60
B.1.4
Crosstalk Insertion ............................................................................................................................... 60
B.2
MULTI-UNIT/BUSINESS WIRING ................................................................................................................... 60
B.2.1
Multi-Tenant Residence / Business -- Daisy Chain Wiring (P3).......................................................... 60
B.2.2
Multi-Tenant Residence / Business -- Star Wiring (P4) ....................................................................... 61
B.2.3
Small Office Wiring (P1 and P2) ......................................................................................................... 62
B.2.4
Large Office Wiring ............................................................................................................................. 62
B.2.5
Crosstalk Insertion for Multi-Tenant and Business Loops .................................................................. 62
B.3
PREMISES CROSSTALK (PEXT) .................................................................................................................... 62
B.3.1
PEXT Transfer Function – Non-paired Station Wire .......................................................................... 62
B.3.2
PEXT Transfer Function – Twisted (Cat 3) Station Wire .................................................................... 62
B.3.3
PEXT Transfer Function – Single Phone Cord ................................................................................... 62
C.1
LOOP MODEL................................................................................................................................................ 63
C.2
CONNECTION TYPES ..................................................................................................................................... 66
C.2.1 Connection Type CT1 ................................................................................................................................. 66
C.2.2 Connection Type CT2 ................................................................................................................................. 67
C.3
IMPAIRMENT RANGES ................................................................................................................................... 69
C.3.1
Background Noise ................................................................................................................................ 69
C.3.2
Ringing Impulse Noise ......................................................................................................................... 69
C.3.3
Hook Switch Coupling ......................................................................................................................... 69
C.3.4
Dial Pulse Coupling............................................................................................................................. 69
C.3.5
Longitudinal Power Line Induction .................................................................................................... 69
C.3.6
Power Related Metallic Noise ............................................................................................................. 69
C.3.7
Crosstalk (for coupling equations, see Section F.1 of Annex F) .......................................................... 70
C.3.7.1
C.3.7.2
C.3.7.3
NEXT Coupling Configurations ..................................................................................................................... 70
FEXT Coupling Configurations ...................................................................................................................... 70
PEXT Coupling ............................................................................................................................................... 70
C.3.8
Radio Frequency Interference (RFI).................................................................................................... 70
C.4 CONNECTION TYPE AND IMPAIRMENT COMBINATION SCORES ......................................................................... 70
C.4.1
Connection Type Scores....................................................................................................................... 70
C.4.2
Crosstalk IC Scores ............................................................................................................................. 71
C.5
CROSSTALK DISTURBER DEPLOYMENT ........................................................................................................ 71
C.5.1
Residential Crosstalk Model ................................................................................................................ 72
C.5.2
Business Crosstalk Model .................................................................................................................... 72
C.6 COMPOSITE CEXT ............................................................................................................................................. 74
D.1
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 75
D.2
CONSIDERATIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 75
D.2.1
Protocol level issues ............................................................................................................................ 75
D.2.2
Measurement types .............................................................................................................................. 75
D.3
DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................................. 75
D.4
TEST SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... 75
D.5
TEST STATION .............................................................................................................................................. 76
D.5.1
Equipment & Software ......................................................................................................................... 76
D.5.2
System Under Test ............................................................................................................................... 76
D.5.3
Example Test Procedure ...................................................................................................................... 76
D.6
SUGGESTED RESULT GRAPHS ....................................................................................................................... 76
D.6.1
Recording Throughput Results ............................................................................................................ 76
D.6.2
Example Characteristic Curves ........................................................................................................... 78
F.1
CROSSTALK .................................................................................................................................................. 83
TIA-876
F.1.1
Cable crosstalk models ........................................................................................................................ 83
F.1.1.1
Near End Crosstalk (NEXT) ............................................................................................................................ 83
F.1.1.2
Central Office Crosstalk (CEXT) ..................................................................................................................... 83
F.1.1.2.1 Simplified Long Loop CEXT model .......................................................................................................... 83
F.1.1.1.2 Simplified Short Loop NEXT model ......................................................................................................... 83
F.1.1.3
Far end crosstalk, FEXT .................................................................................................................................. 83
F.1.1.4
FSAN method for combining crosstalk contributions from unlike types of disturbers .................................... 84
F.1.1.4.1 Example application of two NEXT terms .................................................................................................. 84
F.1.1.4.2 Example application of three FEXT terms ................................................................................................. 84
F.1.2
Evaluating Crosstalk at the DUT’s in Connection Type 2 ................................................................... 85
F.1.2.1 Definitions ............................................................................................................................................................. 85
F.1.2.2 Simplified Connection Type 2 Diagram .................................................................................................. 85
F.1.2.3 Crosstalk Model for Simplified Connection Type 2 Diagram ............................................................................... 86
F.1.2.4 Extending the Model to Multiple Disturbers and Loop Segments ......................................................................... 87
F.1.4
F.1.4
F.1.4.1
F.1.4.2
F.1.4.3
F.1.4.4
F.1.4.5
F.1.5
F.1.5.1
F.1.5.2
F.1.5.3
F.1.5.4
F.1.5.5
Power Spectral Density (PSD) Masks for Crosstalk Interferers .......................................................... 88
Modeling Dataphone Digital Services (DDS) Crosstalk Interference ................................................. 89
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 89
Interpreting the Data ........................................................................................................................................ 89
A Single Transmit PSD Model......................................................................................................................... 90
56 kbps DDS Transmit PSD Measurements..................................................................................................... 90
DDS References ............................................................................................................................................... 94
Modeling T1 Crosstalk Interference .................................................................................................... 95
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 95
Interpreting the Data ........................................................................................................................................ 95
An Improved Single PSD Model...................................................................................................................... 96
T1 Transmit PSD Measurements ..................................................................................................................... 97
References ..................................................................................................................................................... 101
F.2
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE (RFI) MODELS.................................................................................... 102
F.2.1
AM Radio Interference....................................................................................................................... 102
F.2.1.1 Severity 1 Test Model.......................................................................................................................................... 102
F.2.1.2 Severity 2 Test Models ....................................................................................................................................... 103
F.2.1.2 Severity 2 Test Models ....................................................................................................................................... 103
F.2.1.3 Severity 3 Test Model.......................................................................................................................................... 104
F.2.2
PC Monitor Interference .................................................................................................................... 104
F.5
LONGITUDINAL BALANCE ........................................................................................................................... 104
F.6
RINGING ..................................................................................................................................................... 104
F.7
SUPERVISION (HOOK FLASH)...................................................................................................................... 106
F.8
DIAL PULSE ................................................................................................................................................ 107
F.9
IMPULSE NOISE........................................................................................................................................... 108
F.10
PREMISES ATTACHED DEVICES .............................................................................................................. 116
F.10.1 Voiceband Modems (V.34, V.90 and Fax Modems) ........................................................................... 116
F.10.2 Telephone Sets ................................................................................................................................... 116
F.10.3 Microfilters (Used in Conjunction with Modems and Telephones) ................................................... 116
F.10.4 Home Burglar and Fire Alarm Systems ............................................................................................. 117
F.10.5 Home Phoneline Networking Systems................................................................................................ 117
F.11
CALL PROGRESS SIGNALS AND EVENTS ................................................................................................. 118
F.12
LOOP TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................... 118
TABLES AND FIGURES
FIGURE 1—NETWORK ACCESS TRANSMISSION MODEL ............................................................................................... 10
FIGURE 2—DERIVATION OF TRANSMISSION MODEL .................................................................................................... 11
FIGURE 3—XDSL NETWORK CONFIGURATION BLOCK DIAGRAM ............................................................................... 12
FIGURE 4—NETWORK ACCESS IMPAIRMENT MODEL................................................................................................... 16
FIGURE 5—CENTRAL OFFICE MODELS ........................................................................................................................ 17
FIGURE 6—XDSL NETWORK BLOCK DIAGRAM WITH IMPAIRMENT INJECTION POINTS ............................................... 20
FIGURE 7 – SIMPLIFIED NETWORK BLOCK DIAGRAM WITH IMPAIRMENT INJECTION POINTS ....................................... 21
FIGURE 8 –SIMULATOR SETUP BLOCK DIAGRAM ......................................................................................................... 22
iii
FIGURE 9 – SIMULATOR SETUP BLOCK DIAGRAM ........................................................................................................ 22
TABLE 1—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 1 – RESIDENTIAL/MULTIUNIT .................................. 24
TABLE 2—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 2– RESIDENTIAL/MULTIUNIT ................................... 25
TABLE 3—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 3 – RESIDENTIAL/MULTIUNIT .................................. 26
TABLE 4—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 4 – RESIDENTIAL/MULTIUNIT .................................. 27
TABLE 5—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 5 – RESIDENTIAL/MULTIUNIT .................................. 28
TABLE 6—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 6 – RESIDENTIAL/MULTIUNIT .................................. 29
TABLE 7—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 7 – RESIDENTIAL/MULTIUNIT .................................. 30
TABLE 8—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 8 – RESIDENTIAL/MULTIUNIT .................................. 31
TABLE 9—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 9 – RESIDENTIAL/MULTIUNIT .................................. 32
TABLE 10—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 10 – RESIDENTIAL/MULTIUNIT .............................. 33
TABLE 11—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 11 – RESIDENTIAL/MULTIUNIT .............................. 34
TABLE 12—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 12 – RESIDENTIAL/MULTIUNIT .............................. 35
TABLE 13—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 13 – RESIDENTIAL/MULTIUNIT .............................. 36
TABLE 14—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 1 –BUSINESS .......................................................... 37
TABLE 15—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 2 – BUSINESS ......................................................... 38
TABLE 16—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 3 – BUSINESS ......................................................... 39
TABLE 17—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 4 – BUSINESS ......................................................... 40
TABLE 18—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 5 – BUSINESS ......................................................... 41
TABLE 19—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 6 – BUSINESS ......................................................... 42
TABLE 20—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 7 – BUSINESS ......................................................... 43
TABLE 21—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 8 – BUSINESS ......................................................... 44
TABLE 22—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 9 – BUSINESS ......................................................... 45
TABLE 23—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 10 – BUSINESS ....................................................... 46
TABLE 24—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 11 – BUSINESS ....................................................... 47
TABLE 25—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 12 – BUSINESS ....................................................... 48
TABLE 26—CROSSTALK IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS FOR LOOP 13 – BUSINESS ....................................................... 49
TABLE 27—SPECIFIED STEADY-STATE IMPAIRMENT COMBINATIONS ......................................................................... 50
TABLE 28— NON-CONTINUOUS IMPAIRMENTS (UNDER STUDY) ................................................................................ 51
TABLE 29—NETWORK MODEL COVERAGE = 100%..................................................................................................... 52
TABLE 30 —NETWORK MODEL COVERAGE = 95% 5% CROSS PRODUCT TRUNCATION ................................................ 52
TABLE 31 —NETWORK MODEL COVERAGE = 90% 10% CROSS PRODUCT TRUNCATION NUMBER OF TEST CHANNELS =
30 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 53
TABLE 32 —NETWORK MODEL COVERAGE = 62% 38% CROSS PRODUCT TRUNCATION NUMBER OF TEST CHANNELS =
17 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 53
TABLE A1—TEST LOOP LOOS AS OF 2002 .................................................................................................................. 54
FIGURE A.1—TEST LOOPS FOR EVALUATING XDSL MODEMS .................................................................................... 55
FIGURE A.1 (CONT.)—TEST LOOPS FOR EVALUATING XDSL MODEMS....................................................................... 56
FIGURE A.2 – LOOP SIMULATOR CONFIGURATION FOR RESIDENTIAL LOOPS ............................................................... 57
FIGURE B1—DAISY CHAIN WIRING MODEL ................................................................................................................ 59
FIGURE B2—STAR WIRING MODEL ............................................................................................................................. 59
FIGURE B3 – STAR WIRING (P3) WITH CENTRAL ADSL SPLITTER AND DIRECT LINE.................................................. 60
FIGURE B4—MULTI-TENANT /BUSINESS RESIDENCE DAISY CHAIN MODEL ............................................................... 61
FIGURE B5—MULTI-TENANT RESIDENCE / BUSINESS STAR WIRING MODEL .............................................................. 61
FIGURE C1 – LOOP DISTRIBUTION BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION (14 MILLION LINE SURVEY)............................................. 64
FIGURE C2—ANONYMOUS, TELCORDIA, BELLSOUTH AND WEIGHTED COMBINED LOOP DATA ................................. 64
FIGURE C3 – COMBINED LOOP DATA ........................................................................................................................... 65
TABLE C1—TEST LOOP LIKELIHOOD OF OCCURRENCE ............................................................................................... 65
FIGURE C4 – CUMULATIVE BRIDGED TAP LENGTH DISTRIBUTION .............................................................................. 66
TABLE C2—INTERMEDIATE TU TO CPE LOOP LENGTH .............................................................................................. 68
FIGURE C5—CONNECTION TYPE 1 – CO-BASED DSLAM ........................................................................................... 68
FIGURE C6—CONNECTION TYPE 1 – REMOTE TERMINAL ............................................................................................ 68
FIGURE C7—CONNECTION TYPE 2 – BOTH RT & CO FEED FDI (SEE NOTE) .............................................................. 69
TABLE C3 – POWER RELATED METALLIC NOISE .......................................................................................................... 70
TABLE C4—CONNECTION TYPE SCORES ..................................................................................................................... 71
TABLE C5—IMPAIRMENT SEVERITY SCORES ............................................................................................................... 71
TIA-876
TABLE C6—CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION FOR # OF DISTURBERS OF EACH TYPE (RESIDENTIAL/MULTIUNIT) ........... 72
TABLE C7—CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION FOR # OF DISTURBERS OF EACH TYPE (BUSINESS) .................................... 72
FIGURE C8—ABSTRACT CO WIRING MODEL .............................................................................................................. 74
TABLE D1 – TEST COUNT FOR TRUNCATED NETWORK MODELS ................................................................................. 76
FIGURE D1 – SAMPLE DATA RECORDING FORM........................................................................................................... 77
FIGURE D2 – SAMPLE THROUGHPUT VS. NETWORK MODEL COVERAGE CURVE ......................................................... 78
FIGURE E1—GENERAL DUAL EVALUATION TEST SET-UP ........................................................................................... 80
FIGURE E2—DUAL EVALUATION OF TEST SET-UP SPECIFIC TO ANALOG-TO-ANALOG MODEMS ................................ 81
FIGURE E3—DUAL EVALUATION OF TEST SET-UP SPECIFIC TO ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL MODEMS ................................ 82
FIGURE F1—CONNECTION TYPE 2 – BOTH RT & CO FEED FDI .................................................................................. 85
FIGURE F2—CONNECTION TYPE 2 SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM ............................................................................................ 86
FIGURE F3—SIMPLIFIED CROSSTALK MODEL-CT2 ..................................................................................................... 86
FIGURE F4—SIMULATOR SETUP BLOCK DIAGRAM...................................................................................................... 88
TABLE F1—XDSL DISTURBERS ................................................................................................................................... 88
FIGURE F5A—2047 PSEUDO RANDOM DATA ............................................................................................................... 91
FIGURE F6A—ALL BINARY ONES ............................................................................................................................... 91
FIGURE F7A—ALL BINARY ZEROS ............................................................................................................................. 91
FIGURE F5B—2047 PSEUDO RANDOM DATA ............................................................................................................... 91
FIGURE F6B—ALL BINARY ONES................................................................................................................................ 91
FIGURE F7B—ALL BINARY ZEROS ............................................................................................................................. 91
FIGURE F8A—HDLC IDLE FLAGS (7ES) ...................................................................................................................... 92
FIGURE F9A—1 ONE, THEN 7 ZEROS........................................................................................................................... 92
FIGURE F10A—3 ONES, THEN 21 ZEROS ................................................................................................................... 92
FIGURE F8B—HDLC IDLE FLAGS (7ES) ...................................................................................................................... 92
FIGURE F9B—1 ONE, THEN 7 ZEROS ........................................................................................................................... 92
FIGURE F10B—3 ONES, THEN 21 ZEROS ................................................................................................................... 92
FIGURE F11A—OVERLAY DUE TO THREE DATA PATTERNS (2047, ALL ONES, HDLC FLAGS) ................................... 93
FIGURE F11B—OVERLAY DUE TO THREE DATA PATTERNS (2047, ALL ONES, HDLC FLAGS) ................................... 93
FIGURE F12—COMPARISON OF 56 KBPS DDS TO T1.601 PSD MASK (2047, ALL ONES, HDLC FLAGS) ................... 94
FIGURE F13A—QRSS PSEUDO RANDOM DATA ........................................................................................................... 98
FIGURE F14A—ALL BINARY ONES ............................................................................................................................. 98
FIGURE F15A—ALL BINARY ZEROS ........................................................................................................................... 98
FIGURE F13B—QRSS PSEUDO RANDOM DATA ........................................................................................................... 98
FIGURE F14B—ALL BINARY ONES.............................................................................................................................. 98
FIGURE F15B—ALL BINARY ZEROS ........................................................................................................................... 98
FIGURE F16A—HDLC IDLE FLAGS (7ES) .................................................................................................................... 99
FIGURE F17A—1 ONE, THEN 7 ZEROS......................................................................................................................... 99
FIGURE F18A—3 ONES, THEN 21 ZEROS ................................................................................................................... 99
FIGURE F16B—HDLC IDLE FLAGS (7ES) .................................................................................................................... 99
FIGURE F17B—1 ONE, THEN 7 ZEROS ......................................................................................................................... 99
FIGURE F18B—3 ONES, THEN 21 ZEROS ................................................................................................................... 99
FIGURE F19A—OVERLAY DUE TO THREE DATA PATTERNS(QRSS, 3/24, ONES) ....................................................... 100
FIGURE F19B—OVERLAY DUE TO THREE DATA PATTERNS(QRSS, 3/24, HDLC FLAGS)............................................ 100
FIGURE F20—OVERLAY DUE TO FOUR DATA PATTERNS (QRSS, ALL ONES, ALL ZEROS, 1/8 ONES) ...................... 100
FIGURE F21—COMPARISON OF MEASURED T1 PSDS................................................................................................. 101
TABLE F2 – SEVERITY 1 TEMPLATE (RT1) ................................................................................................................. 102
TABLE F3 – SEVERITY 2 TEMPLATE (RT2) ................................................................................................................. 103
TABLE F4 – SEVERITY 3 TEMPLATE (RT3) ................................................................................................................. 104
FIGURE F22—STANDARD RINGING POTENTIAL WITH BEST CASE START/END .......................................................... 105
FIGURE F23—STANDARD RINGING POTENTIAL WORST CASE START/END ............................................................... 105
FIGURE F24—RINGING WAVEFORMS (WORST CASE GENERALIZATION)................................................................... 106
FIGURE F25—TRIPLE RINGING INTERVAL ................................................................................................................. 106
FIGURE F26—SIMPLE BATTERY FEED ARRANGEMENT.............................................................................................. 107
FIGURE F27—HOOK SWITCH COUPLING.................................................................................................................... 107
FIGURE F28—DIAL PULSE COUPLING ........................................................................................................................ 108
FIGURE F29—TEST IMPULSE 1 ................................................................................................................................... 108
v
FIGURE F30—TEST IMPULSE 2 ................................................................................................................................... 108
TABLE F5—IMPULSE NUMBER 1 ................................................................................................................................ 109
TABLE F5 (CONT’D)—IMPULSE NUMBER 1 ............................................................................................................... 110
TABLE F6—IMPULSE NUMBER 2 ................................................................................................................................ 111
TABLE F6 (CONT’D)—IMPULSE NUMBER 2 ............................................................................................................... 112
TABLE F6 (CONT’D)—IMPULSE NUMBER 2 ............................................................................................................... 113
TABLE F6 (CONT’D)—IMPULSE NUMBER 2 ............................................................................................................... 114
TABLE F6 (CONT’D)—IMPULSE NUMBER 2 ............................................................................................................... 115
TABLE F6 (CONT’D)—IMPULSE NUMBER 2 ............................................................................................................... 116
TABLE F7—ATTACHED MODEM SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS ..................................................................................... 116
TABLE F8—ATTACHED TELEPHONE SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................... 116
FIGURE F31—G.PNT.F PSD MASK ............................................................................................................................. 117
TABLE F9—CHARACTERISTICS OF CALL PROGRESS SIGNALS AND EVENTS .............................................................. 118
FIGURE F32 —XDSL LOOP 1 ..................................................................................................................................... 119
FIGURE F32 —XDSL LOOP 2 ..................................................................................................................................... 120
FIGURE F34 —XDSL LOOP 3 ..................................................................................................................................... 121
FIGURE F35 —XDSL LOOP 4 ..................................................................................................................................... 122
FIGURE F36 —XDSL LOOP 5 ..................................................................................................................................... 123
FIGURE F37—XDSL LOOP 6 ..................................................................................................................................... 124
FIGURE F38—XDSL LOOP 7 ..................................................................................................................................... 125
FIGURE F39 —XDSL LOOP 8 ..................................................................................................................................... 126
FIGURE F40—XDSL LOOP 9 ..................................................................................................................................... 127
FIGURE F41—XDSL LOOP 10 ................................................................................................................................... 128
FIGURE F42—XDSL LOOP 11 ................................................................................................................................... 129
FIGURE F43—XDSL LOOP 12 ................................................................................................................................... 130
FIGURE F44—XDSL LOOP 13 ................................................................................................................................... 131
TABLE F10 — XDSL LOOP 1...................................................................................................................................... 132
TABLE F11 — XDSL LOOP 2...................................................................................................................................... 133
TABLE F12— XDSL LOOP 3 ...................................................................................................................................... 134
TABLE F13— XDSL LOOP 4 ...................................................................................................................................... 135
TABLE F14— XDSL LOOP 5 ...................................................................................................................................... 136
TABLE F15— XDSL LOOP 6 ...................................................................................................................................... 137
TABLE F16— XDSL LOOP 7 ...................................................................................................................................... 138
TABLE F17— XDSL LOOP 8 ...................................................................................................................................... 139
TABLE F18— XDSL LOOP 9 ...................................................................................................................................... 140
TABLE F19— XDSL LOOP10 ..................................................................................................................................... 141
TABLE F20— XDSL LOOP 11 .................................................................................................................................... 142
TABLE F21— XDSL LOOP 12 .................................................................................................................................... 143
TABLE F22— XDSL LOOP 13 .................................................................................................................................... 144
TIA-876
FOREWORD
This standard was prepared by Telecommunications Industry Association technical standard
subcommittee TR-30.3, “Data Communications Equipment Evaluation and Network Interfaces,”
and was approved by industry ballot on June 7, 2002.
This standard defines a network transmission model for performance testing of xDSL systems
intended for the transmission of digital signals over the access network. Prior TR30.3 standards
(e.g., TIA/EIA 3700/3800) have been concerned with the access network voice band, nominally
300 Hz to 4000Hz; this standard models the DSL access network over the frequency range of 0
to 1.104 MHz.
It is intended that this standard may be used with PN-3-4255, “Test Procedures for evaluating
xDSL Modem Performance.” (PN-3-4255 was under development at the time of publication of this
standard.)
The document is organized as follows:
Sections 1 through 3 define the Scope of the test model and provide References and Definitions.
Sections 4 and 5 describe the model, test setup and impairments under which testing is to be
conducted.
Annex A (Normative) defines the test loops and specifies the likelihood of occurrence of each.
Annex B (Normative) defines the premises models.
Annex C (Informative) provides the rationale for the various elements of the model.
Annex D (Informative) gives examples illustrating the use of the model.
Annex E (Normative) defines how the model is used for evaluating dual communications through
both broadband and voiceband channels over a common subscriber loop.
Annex F (Normative) defines how impairments are to be characterized for testing purposes.
There are a total of six annexes in this standard. Annexes A, B, E and F are normative and are
considered part of this standard while Annexes C and D are informative and only those portions
referenced by normative text are considered part of this standard.
vii
INTRODUCTION
This standard defines the North American network access transmission model to be used in
evaluating performance of DSL modems. The standard can be applied to both splittered and
splitterless xDSL systems. The model is described in terms similar to prior ANSI and ITU modem
test standards (e.g., V.56bis) and allows comparison of DSL modem performance in terms of
percent network coverage. This model is intended for use by network service providers,
magazine product reviewers, users and designers to evaluate and compare modem performance.
The purpose of this standard is distinct from that of ITU standard G.996.1 and DSL Forum
Technical Report TR-029. G.996.1, Test Procedures for Digital Subscriber Line Transceivers,
contains network models and test procedures for verifying DSL transceiver conformance to the
performance requirements contained in each of the G.99x DSL transceiver Recommendations.
TR-029, ADSL Dynamic Interoperability Testing, contains test suites and test procedures to
determine the level of interoperability between different vendor brands of ATU-Cs and ATU-Rs.
The network model consists of many impairment combinations to provide a statistically significant
sample of impairment conditions. The tests are intended to allow completion of a full set of
testing within one day or less depending on the type of test that is being run. The test
methodology easily lends itself to automation. The DSL System under test is run over each
impairment combination to provide a statistically significant result. This approach can be viewed
as running many individual SNR points over a wide range of line conditions. The method of
testing offers significantly more information about the real world performance than margin testing
(stress testing to determine the point of maximum performance at an acceptable error rate) with
particular impairments. This network model provides a statistically accurate indication of
performance over good, medium and worst-case line conditions, not just stress conditions, which
allows for accurate evaluation of such things as AFE performance. For example, AFE noise
problems cannot be found using margining because the high noise impairment overshadows the
poor performance of the AFE.
The objective of this standard is to define a realistic North American network access transmission
model for comparing DSL modem performance in terms of network model coverage (NMC). The
goal of the model is to provide a portrait of the real network as it exists in the year 2002. The
model is technology independent. Because some important elements of the model (crosstalk
disturber model, for example) are based on projections, it is recognized that the model will need
to be revised based on actual rollout of DSL services.
ANSI-accredited committee TR-30.3 has developed this standard. TR-30.3 has developed
modem performance testing standards currently used throughout the industry for evaluation of
dial and leased line modems (e.g., V.34, V.90).
TIA-876
North American Network Access Transmission Model for
Evaluating xDSL Modem Performance
1.
SCOPE
This standard defines a model of the characteristics of the North American access network that
determine xDSL modem transmission performance. It is intended to be the basis for performance
testing of systems consisting of central site modems that interface with the broadband
telecommunications network and remote modems at the customer premises. The model includes
specifications for the configuration and setup of suitable simulator equipment used in evaluations
and comparisons of such modem systems.
Warning
The network models represented in this specification do not model all possible
connections that can be encountered between a central site modem and a remote
modem in the North American loop plant.
Limitations on this model:
1.
This model does not include very low-probability connection scenarios.
2.
Steady-state loop current and loop battery parameters are not specified. Refer to
ANSI/EIA/TIA 496-A for information on those parameters.
3.
This model does not reflect the characteristics of network equipment operating outside
of its normal operational specifications, referred to as “trouble” conditions.
4.
The network transmission impairments used in this model are those that exist in the
access network and affect the performance of present-day DSL modems. New network
equipment or new modem designs may result in additional parameters, not currently
characterized, becoming important. Results derived from tests using this model are
suitable for comparative purposes, and should be viewed as no more than a rough
estimate of expected performance over the real network.
5.
This standard models the DSL access network over the frequency range of 0 to 1.104
MHz. It is not intended for use in testing VDSL modems.
While the percentages of network model coverage (NMC) derived from the tests contained herein
may provide a suitable basis for comparing modems, they should only be considered indicative of
potential coverage of the real network.
1
2.
NORMATIVE REFERENCES
The following standards contain provisions that, through references in this standard, constitute provisions
of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility
of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. ANSI and TIA maintain registers of
currently valid national standards published by them and can be contacted at the following addresses:
ANSI Standards Information
11 W 42nd Street
New York, NY 10036
TEL: 212-642-4900
www.ansi.org
TIA Standards Secretariat
2500 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 300
Arlington, VA 22201-3834
Tel: 703-907-7700 Fax: 703-907-7727
www.tiaonline.org
ANSI T1.601-1999: Integrated Services Digital Network Basic Access Interface for Use on Metallic Loops
for Application on the Network Side of the NT (Layer 1 Specification)
TIA/EIA-3700: Telephone Network Transmission Model for Evaluating Analog Modem Performance
ITU-T G.991.1: High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) transceivers
ITU-T G.991.2: Single-Pair High-Speed Digital Subscriber Line (SHDSL) Transceivers
ITU-T G.992.1: Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line Transceiver
ITU-T G.992.2: Splitterless Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line Transceiver
ITU-T G.996.1: Test Procedures for Digital Subscriber Line Transceivers
ANSI/TIA/EIA 568A-1997: Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard
ANSI EIA/TIA-570-91: Residential and Light Commercial Telecommunications Wiring, June 18, 1991.
ANSI/ICEA S-80-576-1994: Standard for Telecommunications Wire and Cable for Wiring of Premises
(approved by ANSI January 3, 1995, Insulated Cable Engineers Association, Inc.)
ANSI T1.417-2002: Spectrum Management for Loop Transmission Systems
T1.413-1998, American National Standard for Telecommunications – Network and Customer Installation
Interfaces Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Metallic Interface.
ANSI-accredited Committee T1 Technical Report No. 59, Single Carrier Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber
Line (RADSL).
T1.410-2001, Carrier-to-Customer Metallic Interface - Digital Data at 64kbps and Subrates.
T1.418-2000, High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line - 2nd Generation (HDSL2).
T1.419-2000, Splitterless Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Transceivers.
T1.403-1999, American National Standard for Telecommunications – Network and Customer Installation
Interfaces - DS1 Electrical Interface
TIA-876
3.
DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS
3.1
DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions shall apply:
3.1.1 access network: An implementation comprising those entities (such as cable plant, transmission
facilities, etc.) which provide the required transport bearer capabilities for the provision of
telecommunications services between a Service Node Interface (SNI) and each of the associated
User-Network Interfaces (UNIs).
3.1.2 attenuation distortion; AD: Ratios, each expressed in dB, of reference tone power to the power
of tones at other frequencies after passing through a connection.
3.1.3 bit error ratio; BER: The ratio of error bits to the total number of bits transmitted.
3.1.4 carrierless amplitude and phase modulation; CAP modulation: CAP is a bandwidth-efficient
line coding technique. CAP is a variant of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), which is used in
today’s rate-adaptive voice band V.32/V.34 voice modems.
3.1.5 central office; CO(also called central office exchange): In North America, a CO is that location
which houses a switch to serve local telephone subscribers.
3.1.6 central office crosstalk; CEXT: Crosstalk that occurs in the CO between the DSLAM and the first
distribution frame.
3.1.7 client modem: Two-wire connected voiceband modem at the customer premises.
3.1.8 composite CEXT: Crosstalk occurring within the CO from multiple types of disturbers.
3.1.9 crosstalk: Electromagnetic energy that couples into a metallic cable pair from signals on other
pairs in the same cable or in adjacent cable binders.
3.1.10 digital subscriber line transceiver; DSL transceiver: A generic name for a family of evolving
digital services to be provided by service providers to their local subscribers. DSL a) uses existing copper
wires from the network end to the subscriber’s premises, b) involves electronic equipment in the form of
DSL modems at both the network end and the subscriber's premises, and c) sends high speed digital
signals over those copper wires.
3.1.11 downstream: The direction from the central-site to the remote terminal.
3.1.12 DSL transmission unit – central office; DTU-C: Special electronics in support of DSL and
placed in the carrier’s central site. The DTU-C has a matching unit on the subscriber premises in the form
of a DTU-R. The two units, in combination, support a high data rate over standard copper cable local
loops.
3.1.13 DSL transmission unit – remote; DTU-R: Special electronics in support of DSL and placed in
the customer’s premises. The DTU-R has a matching unit at the carrier’s central office in the form of a
DTU-C. The two units, in combination, support a high data rate over standard copper cable local loops.
3
3.1.14 echo: A signal that has been reflected back toward its source in a channel. The reflection occurs
because of an impedance mismatch in the channel. There are two primary sources of impedance
mismatch in the telephone channel: 1) an impedance change in or at the end of the transmission line
such as a local loop due to wire gauge changes or bridged taps and 2) the signal path across the hybrid
on the four-wire side caused by the mismatch between the hybrid load impedance and the hybrid
reference impedance.
3.1.15 echo cancellation: Technique that allows for the isolation and filtering of unwanted signals
caused by echoes from the main transmitted signal.
3.1.16 envelope delay distortion; EDD: Differences in narrow–band signal envelope propagation time,
expressed in microseconds, through a connection as a function of frequency compared to the envelope
propagation time of a reference signal.
3.1.17 far-end crosstalk; FEXT: A type of crosstalk that occurs when signals on one twisted pair are
coupled to another pair as they arrive at the far end of multi-pair cable system.
3.1.18 impairment combination; IC: The set of network impairment levels shown in Tables A3 through
A4.
3.1.19 insertion loss: The difference in the amount of power received before and after something is
inserted into the circuit or a call is connected.
3.1.20 integrated digital services network; ISDN: ISDN comes today in two basic flavors: BRI, which
is 144,000 bits per second and designed for the desktop, and in North America PRI which is 1,544,000
bits per second and in Europe PRI, which is 2,048,000 bits per second.
3.1.21 Likelihood of Occurrence; LOO: Normalized estimated probability, expressed in percent, that a
particular impairment combination or test loop test channel occurs in the access network.
3.1.22 loaded loop: Subscriber access line that includes inductors (loading coils) that reduce the loss
at frequencies below approximately 4.3 kHz. They are typically used on long (18- to 30-kft) loops. The
loading coils effectively turn the entire loop into a low pass filter with a cutoff frequency of approximately
4.3 kHz.
3.1.23 local exchange carrier; LEC: Local telephone company (telecommunications common carrier).
There are over 1,400 exchange carriers in the United States. The local exchange carrier files tariffs in
each state to provide service to the customer for all local calls or connections in a specific geographic
area.
3.1.24 near–end echo: Talker echo arising from reflections associated with the near end of the
connection. For the purpose of this document, this is a composite of talker echo. The talker echo arising
from finite transhybrid loss of the modem’s internal hybrid may be dominant. The magnitude of near–end
echo originating in the internal hybrid is determined by modem design and by the input impedance the
modem sees looking into the local loop.
3.1.25 near-end crosstalk; NEXT: A type of crosstalk that occurs when signals transmitted on one pair
of wires are fed back into another pair.
3.1.26 network connection type: Grouping of access network equipment.
3.1.27 non-loaded loop: A subscriber access line that consists solely of twisted-pair wire without any
frequency shaping loading coils.
3.1.28 power spectral density; PSD: Power level and frequency content of a signal.
TIA-876
3.1.29 remote terminal; RT: Service provider electronic equipment located remote from the central
office.
3.1.30 score: Cross product of likelihood of occurrence (LOO) percentages for impairment
combinations and test loops.
3.1.31 self NEXT: Crosstalk signals originating from DSL transceivers of the same technology as the
unit under test and operating in the same cable.
3.1.32 server modem: A four-wire digitally connected modem.
3.1.33 splitterless ADSL: xDSL technology that does not require a service provider installed splitter to
separate analog POTS from xDSL service. Splitterless ADSL may require customer-installed microfilters
on each attached device.
3.1.34 test channel: A concatenation of a particular impairment combination and a particular test loop.
3.1.35 test loop; TL: Specification of a specific local loop simulation.
3.1.36 upstream: The direction from the remote terminal to the central-site terminal.
3.1.37 voiceband: 300 to 4000 Hz.
3.1.38 xDSL: Generic term for any DSL.
3.2
ACRONYMS
For the purposes of this standard the following acronyms shall apply.
3.2.1 2B1Q: two binary, one quaternary
3.2.2 AC: alternating current
3.2.3 AD: attenuation distortion
3.2.4 ADSL: asymmetric digital subscriber line
3.2.5 AM: amplitude modulation
3.2.6 AMI: alternate mark inversion
3.2.7 ANSI: American National Standards Institute
3.2.8 ATM: asynchronous transfer mode
3.2.9 ATU-C: ADSL transmission unit – central office
3.2.10 ATU-R: ADSL transmission unit – remote
3.2.11 AWG: American wire gauge
3.2.12 BER: bit error ratio
3.2.13 BRA: basic rate access
5
3.2.14 BT: bridged tap
3.2.15 CAP: carrierless amplitude and phase modulation
3.2.16 CDF: cumulative distribution function
3.2.17 CEXT: central office crosstalk
3.2.18 CID: calling name/number identification
3.2.19 CO: central office
3.2.20 CPE: customer premises equipment
3.2.21 CSA: carrier service area
3.2.22 CT: connection type
3.2.23 DA: distribution area
3.2.24 DC: direct current
3.2.25 DDS: digital data service
3.2.26 DLC: digital loop carrier
3.2.27 DMT: discrete multi-tone modulation
3.2.28 DOV: data over voice
3.2.29 DS: downstream
3.2.30 DSL: digital subscriber line
3.2.31 DSLAM: digital subscriber line access multiplexer
3.2.32 DTMF: dual tone multi frequency
3.2.33 DUT: device under test
3.2.34 EDD: envelope delay distortion
3.2.35 EIA: Electronics Industry Association
3.2.36 EMI: electromagnetic interference
3.2.37 EO: end office
3.2.38 FDI: feeder distribution interface
3.2.39 FEXT: far-end crosstalk
3.2.40 HDSL: high bit-rate digital subscriber line
3.2.41 HDSL2: high bit-rate digital subscriber line (single pair)
TIA-876
3.2.42 HP: high pass (filter)
3.2.43 IC: impairment combination
3.2.44 IDF: intermediate distribution frame
3.2.45 IDSL: ISDN-like digital subscriber line
3.2.46 IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
3.2.47 IMD: intermodulation distortion
3.2.48 ISDN: integrated services digital network
3.2.49 ITU: International Telecommunications Union
3.2.50 LAN: local area network
3.2.51 LOO: likelihood of occurrence
3.2.52 LPF: low pass filter
3.2.53 MDF: main distribution frame
3.2.54 NBI: narrowband interference
3.2.55 NEXT: near-end crosstalk
3.2.56 NI: network interface
3.2.57 NID: network interface device
3.2.58 NMC: network model coverage
3.2.59 PC: personal computer
3.2.60 PCM: pulse code modulation
3.2.61 PEXT: premises end crosstalk
3.2.62 POTS: plain old telephone service
3.2.63 PSD: power spectral density
3.2.64 QRSS: quasi-random signal source
3.2.65 RADSL: rate adaptive digital subscriber line
3.2.66 RF: radio frequency
3.2.67 RFI: radio frequency interference
3.2.68 RRIN: ringing impulse noise
3.2.69 RT: remote terminal
7
3.2.70 SDSL: symmetrical digital subscriber line
3.2.71 SNR: signal-to-noise ratio
3.2.72 T1: trunk level 1
3.2.73 TIA: Telecommunications Industry Association
3.2.74 TL: test loop
3.2.75 TU: transmission unit
3.2.76 US : upstream
3.2.77 VDSL: very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line
3.2.78 xDSL: generic designator for any of a variety of DSL technologies
TIA-876
4.
DESCRIPTION OF MODEL
4.1
INTRODUCTION
Previous network transmission model standards for evaluating modem performance (e.g., TSB37A, TIA/EIA 3700, and TIA/EIA 793) have been statistical models in which likelihood of
occurrence (LOO) values were assigned to all network elements and impairments. Test results
using these statistical models were expressed in terms of Network Model Coverage (NMC).
These NMC results were unconditional – not dependent on the a priori specification of any
network elements or impairments. This is an example of a Statistical Model. Testing to a
comprehensive Statistical Model suggests how the DSL modem should perform in actual service.
A different approach was taken for the ITU Recommendation G.996.1, which is a standard for
testing conformance to the requirements contained in each of the G.99x series of DSL transceiver
Recommendations. G.996.1 specifies the network elements and impairment combinations that
shall be used for compliance testing. This is an example of a Specified Model. Testing solely to
a Specified Model may not be indicative of how the DSL modem will perform in actual service.
The standard herein defines a hybrid structure for the network access transmission model—part
of it is statistically characterized; part is specified. This approach is dictated by the desire to
compare modem performance in terms of NMC and the present inability to assign reasonably
accurate LOOs to certain network model elements and impairments. With this approach, the
model will yield network model coverage results (based on the statistical model), conditional upon
the specified elements.
Emphasis is given to the fact that manufacturers of DSL modems, users of DSL modems and
network providers are interested in a specification that accurately models the network
characteristics that determine modem performance. The fact that evaluators desire a simple test
that properly measures the performance of modems from various manufacturers is also taken into
account. Therefore, the objective of this standard is to define a technology-independent model
that is representative of the network, that can be simulated at reasonable complexity and that
facilitates practical modem evaluation times. The network model presented herein represents a
‘snapshot’ taken in the 2002 timeframe.
In developing this model, certain assumptions have been made based on the best available
deployment projections. These assumptions are given in Annex C: Rationale for Network Model.
Because crosstalk is a dominant impairment affecting DSL modem performance, test results
depend markedly on assumptions made about service deployment. Refinement of the
deployment model will be necessary as actual service rollouts proceed.
The set of test loops are representative of the wide variety of non-loaded loop make-ups currently
deployed in North America. Test loop scores are compiled from three recent North American
Surveys that include samples as large as 14 million loops. The test loop make-ups are actual
loops that were taken from one of the loop surveys. The loops were selected based on their fit
into thirteen cable length bins, most of which represent 1000 to 1500 feet increments in loop
length. The data from the three surveys were found to be consistent in their distribution.
Additional information can be found in Annex C.
The model described in this document is technology independent and accommodates various
digital subscriber line (xDSL) systems including the central site, customer premises modems and
the associated networks.
9
4.2
MODEL DESCRIPTION
The proposed model is comprised of three constituent elements: Physical Description, Statistical
Impairments Model and Specified Impairments Model (see Figure 1). NMC results obtained
using this model are conditional on a particular set of specified impairments and physical
conditions of interest (which includes the premises wiring model). The following nomenclature is
used to report network coverage test results. (Annex D contains examples of other formats for
presenting test results.)
NMC (P2, A) = XY%
Indicates severity of specified IC
IC
Indicates premises model
Figure 1—Network Access Transmission Model
Figure 2 illustrates the derivation of the model herein presented. The physical elements of the
model comprising loop configurations and makeups, connection types, CO configuration and
premises configurations make up the Physical Description of the model. Each of these
elements has its associated electrical characteristics.
The Statistical Impairment Model is made up of three elements- connection types, crosstalk
mixes, and loop set. The scores for the connection type and crosstallk mixes are based on
projections of service deployment in the year 2002. The scores for the loop set are based on
three recent North American loop surveys that comprise over 14 million loops.
Impairment Combinations (ICs) comprising explicit crosstalk mixes and implicit loop, bridged tap
and connection type impairments are tabulated in the Crosstalk Impairment Combination Tables
(see Table 1, for example). There is a separate table for each loop (because the crosstalk
depends on loop length). The columns of the tables define impairment combinations for each of
four (4) severity levels. The tables contain separate sections for each impairment injection point:
CO, Intermediate and CPE. There is a set of Crosstalk IC Tables for Residential/Multiunit and a
set for business premises because each has a distinct crosstalk model. The Crosstalk IC LOOs
TIA-876
from these tables combine with the LOOs of the Test Loops to determine the LOOs of each test
circuit in the model. This set of test circuit LOOs comprises the NMC Table.
In the interest of model simplicity and because good rationale for assigning LOOs is lacking for
many impairments, various impairments as well as the premises models are included in a
Specified Impairment Model. All modeled impairments other than crosstalk, loop attenuation
and bridged tap effects are included in the Specified Impairments Tables. The set of specified
impairments contained in the Steady-State Impairment Combinations table, together with a
particular premises model, comprise the Test Conditions for NMC testing. The impairments
contained in the Specified Transient Impairments table are intended for susceptibility tests,
independent of the NMC tests.
A description of the impairment combination tables is given in Section 5.4.
The information on Characterization of Impairments contained in Annex F is also a part of the
model. This is a compilation of information on generating impairments for test purposes.
Figure 2—Derivation of Transmission Model
4.3
PHYSICAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE NETWORK MODEL
A block diagram of the access network is shown in Figure 3. The network model has been segmented
into four subnetworks: CO, outside plant, customer premises drops or entrance cables and customer
premises wiring. In the next section (Figure 4), impairments are tabulated by subnetwork segment. More
specific models of the central office, the loops and the customer premises are given in subsequent
sections of this standard.
11
This general architecture applies to both splittered and splitterless xDSL systems.
IDF
&
MDF
See Figure A.1 for test loops
See Figure 5 for detailed diagrams
See Annex E for detailed information
See § A.2, A.3 for
detailed diagram
Figure 3—xDSL Network Configuration Block Diagram
TIA-876
5.
IMPAIRMENT LEVEL SETUP
5.1 DEFINITION OF IMPAIRMENTS
A schematic block diagram of the network showing impairments associated with each subnetwork
element is shown in Figure 4. Each of these impairments is discussed briefly in the following sections.
Information on characterizing impairments for the purpose of testing is given in Annex F.
5.1.1 Crosstalk
Crosstalk is the electromagnetic coupling of a signal from one pair (interferer) onto another (victim) pair in
the same cable, causing unwanted interference. A common source of crosstalk interference is coupling
from high-speed circuits operating in adjacent cable pairs. Crosstalk whose spectra overlap the transmit
spectra of the DUT can have a dramatic limiting effect on xDSL performance. Sources of crosstalk
include xDSL transceivers at the central office and premises end of the loop, and also intermediate
sources such as repeaters, amplifiers, and remote DSLAMS located at digital loop carrier remote
terminals. Tables 1-26 list types and levels of crosstalk interference with various loop models for use in
determining real world xDSL performance. Crosstalk is expressed in two forms, as described below.
5.1.1.1 Near-end crosstalk (NEXT)
Electromagnetic coupling that occurs when the receiver on a disturbed pair is located at the same (near)
end of the cable as the transmitter of a disturbing pair. For echo-cancelled systems such as SDSL, NEXT
from self-crosstalk from like systems in the same cable is usually the most limiting crosstalk on
performance, regardless of other xDSL types that may be in the same cable.
5.1.1.2 Far-end crosstalk (FEXT)
Electromagnetic coupling that occurs when the receiver on a disturbed pair is located at the other (far)
end of the cable as the transmitter of a disturbing pair. For frequency division multiplexed (FDM) systems
such as ADSL, FEXT from self-crosstalk is the most limiting crosstalk on performance when there are no
other xDSL types in the same cable. FEXT is not included in the network model because NEXT is
inserted on both ends. Therefore NEXT becomes FEXT at the other end.
5.1.2 Loop Impairments
Loops impact xDSL performance not only as a result of attenuation due to length and gauge, but also due
to other factors such as bridged-taps, loop balance, moisture, and temperature. Annex A lists 13 loop
models that represent various likelihoods of occurrence in the North American access network. Below
are descriptions of the types of impacts of the loop on xDSL performance.
5.1.2.1 Bridged Taps
A bridged tap is defined as any portion of the telephone access loop that is not in the direct DC path
between the telephone instrument and the central office switch. Bridged-taps cause nulls that greatly
increase attenuation in the null frequency band and create impedance discontinuities in the loop. DSL
performance on long loops is especially susceptible to the effects of bridged taps. The available receive
passband of the device under test (DUT) on a long loop is quite narrow compared to the transmit
passband of the circuit. When the bridged-taps create nulls in the passband of the receive signal, the
throughput can be substantially reduced or diminished.
5.1.2.2 Amplitude Distortion
Amplitude distortion is a departure of the amplitude versus frequency of a received signal over a
telephony circuit from what would normally be expected from uniform loop attenuation characteristics.
The most common source of this type distortion is bridged-taps in the loop.
13
5.1.2.3 Moisture
Moisture inside the cable jacket or in a splice can cause a disturbing effect on telephone loop
characteristics. Moisture can enter the cable as a result of any of a number of anomalies, such as a small
hole created by lightning, a nick in the cable due to digging or during cable placement, an opening in
aerial cable due to a bullet, or an improperly sealed splice case or cable terminal. Disturbing effects
could include changes in capacitive and resistive balance of the loop and changes in crosstalk levels.
This imbalance can create a source of common mode noise and add additional loop loss that reduces
xDSL performance. Effects of moisture are not included in this issue of the network model.
5.1.2.4 Temperature
A rise or fall in temperature can cause a significant change in loop attenuation. Changes can be gradual
due to such factors as seasonal changes or can be sudden such as the cooling effect of a thunderstorm
on a hot summer day or the heating effect when the sun comes out directly after the thunderstorm. The
resulting change can be dramatic. For example, a 26 AWG aerial cable has a resistance of 83 ohms/kft
at 70 degrees, but has a resistance of 93 ohms per kft at 120 degrees, a common temperature under
direct sunlight. This increased resistance translates to higher attenuation of the DSL signal, reducing
throughput to the DUT. Effects of temperature are included in the Specified Transient Impairments in
Table 28 which are Under Study in this issue of the standard.
5.1.3 Steady State Impairments
There are many additional factors besides loop and crosstalk impairments that have an effect on xDSL
performance. Table 27 species the types and severity levels of steady state impairments for use in
determining real world performance of a DUT. Descriptions are provided below.
5.1.3.1 Splitter/Distributed Filter
Splitters and distributed filters are used on data over voice technologies such as ADSL to separate the
voice spectrum from the DSL signal. Splitters may be used at both ends or may include a splitter at the
central office end and a set of distributed filters at the premises end. Splitters and distributed filters
impact DSL performance by their frequency response over the DSL band, the impact of intermodulation
distortion (IMD) on the noise floor, group delay, and the loading effect of multiple distributed filters.
Splitters are included in tests where the DUT is a data over voice technology.
5.1.3.2 Background Noise
Background noise is a steady-state interference on a telecommunications channel that is not caused by
the service installed on the channel. It degrades the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received signal of
the service. This level tends to vary little from one installation to the next, except when crosstalk is
present. Crosstalk effects are already accounted for in the loop model. Consequently, a common value
of –140 dBm/Hz of white noise is used to represent common background noise.
5.1.3.3 AC Induced Interference
AC-induced interference is common mode noise introduced into the loop due the coupling of 60 cycle
harmonics from power lines paralleling the telecommunications cable. This noise can degrade the signalto-noise ratio (SNR) of the received signal of the service. This can vary between service installations and
is reflected by use of severity levels in Table 27.
5.1.3.4 Longitudinal Balance
A difference in capacitive or resistive values in the loop as measured from the tip to ground and from the
ring to ground will negatively affect the longitudinal balance of the loop. This imbalance creates additional
loss that reduces throughput to the DUT. Various severity levels of Longitudinal Balance are specified in
Table 27.
TIA-876
5.1.3.5 PC Monitor Interference
EMI from the PC Monitor can couple into a nearby xDSL modem, reducing its performance. The template
for each severity level of PC monitor interference is specified in Table 27.
5.1.3.6 AM Radio Interference
AM radio interference is narrowband noise on the loop caused by electromagnetic coupling from nearby
AM radio signal sources. When the spectrum of the narrowband interference, including out-of-band
frequencies, overlaps the receive signal of the DUT, throughput to the DUT can be severely reduced.
Interference templates for several severity levels of AM radio interference are specified in Table 27.
5.1.3.7 Premises End Crosstalk (PEXT)
PEXT occurs when two xDSL services are placed in the same quad drop or premises wiring. Coupling
between pairs in quad home wiring is much higher than in telephone cables, causing a significant source
of crosstalk on the DUT. The equation and the different severity levels of PEXT in the drop and premises
wiring is specified for each test setup.
5.1.4 Transient Impairments
Transient impairments are non-stationary events that commonly occur in the access network. Table 28
specifies the types and severity levels of these impairments for use in determining real world performance
of a DUT. Transient impairments are under study in this issue of the standard.
5.1.4.1 CO Ringing Transients
The central office ringer places an intermittent high voltage AC signal on the line that can be disruptive to
a DSL modem. Section F.6 provides a description of this signal.
5.1.4.2 Ring Trip Transients
Ring trip transients are transient voltages appearing on a transmission channel caused when the
telephony circuit is changed from on-hook to off-hook during the time when the ring signal is applied.
This can be one of the most damaging sources of transient impairments due to the high voltage on the
line when the telephony circuit is changed from on-hook to off-hook. Ring trip transients can severely
impact margin, forcing retrains and loss of data being transmitted
5.1.4.3 On-Hook/Off-Hook Transients
On-hook/Off-hook transients are transient voltages that appear on a transmission channel caused by the
impedance change when a telephony circuit is changed from on-hook to off-hook or from off-hook to onhook. Transients can severely impact margin, forcing retrains and loss of data being transmitted
5.1.4.4 Impulse Noise
Impulse noise is a disturbance on a transmission channel caused by a transient voltage higher than the
steady state background noise. Amplitude, duration and rate of occurrence generally characterize
impulse noise. A common impulse noise measuring technique is to count the number of transient events
above a specified threshold and over a specified time period. Impulse noise can severely impact margin,
causing errors on data being received by the DUT. Sustained impulse noise can also force a retrain.
Examples of impulse noise in the premises are light dimmers and universal motors.
15
V.90
Modems
POTS
Network
Remote
Phones
DSL
Loop
Tester
POTS
Switch
Remote
DSLAM
or
,
Repeater
24 POTS
Splitters
0 to 24
ADSLs
0 to 24
MVLs
0 to 24
RADSLs
0 to 24
IDSNs
0 to 24
HDSLs
0 to 24
G.shdsls
0 to 24
T1s
Central Office Impairments

CO Wiring Architecture Effects

CO Wiring Attenuation

CO Wiring Crosstalk (CEXT)

Cross -Connect Device Crosstalk

MDF + CO Cabling

Common Mode Interferences

CO DSL Line Testing De gradations

CO Line Test Equipment & Interruptions

CO POTS Splitter Wiring

CO Splitter DSL Amplitude Distortion

CO Splitter POTS Amplitude Distortion

CO Ringing Signal Transients

CO POTS Splitter Degradations
- Non-linear Distortion
- Crosstalk
- Unbalance d Ringing Signal

POTS Interference Into DSL

DSL Interference Into POTS

POTS Line Test Degradations
Premises
Wiring
25-pair Distribution Binder
NID
Splitter
with Bridged Taps
Premises
Wiring

Distribution Architectures
- Bridged Taps
- Wire Gauge Changes
- Repeaters

Binder Amplitude Distortion
- Binder Length & Gauges
- Wire Gauge Changes
- Temperature Change Effects
- Moisture effects

Bridged Tap Loss Degradations

Bridged Tap Hybrid/filter Mismatch

Binder Crosstalks
- NEXT
- FEXT
- Stationary
- Non-Stationary

Bridged Tap Crosstalk

Binder Background Noise

Binder Narrow Band Interference (RFI)

Binder Non -Statio nary Noises

Binder Impulse Noises

Binder Moisture Pinhole Effects

Binder Splice Effects

Binder Longitudinal Imbalance

Binder Longitudinal Signals

Binder Bridged Tap Unbalance

Binder Lightning Effects

Binder Power Line Interference

Binder Sealing Current (n on-shared loops)

Binder Micro -Interruptions
Premises Im
Phones
V.90
Phones
ADSL
CO
Wiring
Distribution Binder Impairments
V.90
Drop
Wires
Drop Wire Impairments

Drop Wire Types & Lengths

Drop Wire Orientation

Drop Wire Attenuation

Drop Wir e Moisture Effects

Drop Wire RFI

Drop Wire Crosstalk (PEXT)

Drop Power Line Interference

Drop Wire Pair Unbalance
Figure 4—Network Access Impairment Model
Premises
Wiring
ILF
V.90
ILF
Phones
ADSL
ILF = In Line Filter
Premises
Wiring
ILF
V.90
ILF
Phones
MVL
Premises
Wiring
ISDN
Premises
Wiring
HDSL
Premises
Wiring
G.shdsl
Premises
Wiring
T1

Premises Wiring Arch

Telephone connection

Alarm System Degrad

Premises Wiring Atten

Premises Wiring Brid

Telephone Connection

Attached Powered Up

Premises End Crosstal

Premises RFI & NBI I
- Data Terminal Inter
- PC Monitor Interfer

Home LAN Interferen

Second DSL Service I

Premises Impulse Noi

Premises AC Power In
- Dimmers
- Equipment Grounds

Attached Powered Up

Power Cycling & Out

Lightning (FCC Part 6

Intermittent Jacks & C

Punchdown (Wall Jac

Splices (Midwire, In
Corrosion

“Power Line Modem”
NID Filter DSL Ampl
Inline Filter DSL Am
NID Filter POTS Amp

Inline Filter POTS Am

On/Off -Hook DSL Si

DSL Interference Into

Audio & POTS Interfe

Attached POTS Devic
Premises NID Filter N
Premises Inline Filter

On/Off -Hook Degrad

Ring Trip Interference

Call Progress Events

Facilities Grounding D
TIA-876
5.2
DETAILED NETWORK ELEMENT MODELS
This section discusses detailed models for each of the network model elements. It is important that DSL
evaluations include central office wiring models, drop models and a representative premises wiring model
in addition to the loop model, since each can have significant effect on DSL performance.
Deployment of remote terminals (RTs) has resulted in the following three distinct types of network
connections.

Connection Type 1 (CT1 direct) -- CO based ATU-C

Connection Type 1 (CT1 remote) -- intermediate based ATU-C

Connection Type 2 (CT2) -- CO and intermediate based ATU-Cs using the same cable binder
These three configurations are defined in Annex C. For the purposes of this Model, the two
configurations designated by CT1 are considered equivalent (from the standpoint of crosstalk and
specified impairments). Thus, this standard does not distinguish between CT1 Direct and CT1 Remote
Terminal. It is necessary, however, to differentiate CT2 due to its characteristic injection of higher level
crosstalk at an intermediate point.
5.2.1 Central Office (CO) Model
Models for both the Line Sharing and Non Line Sharing cases are shown in Figure 5. In either case,
there are two components of crosstalk interference generated within the CO. CO-end crosstalk (CEXT),
which occurs between the DSLAM and the first distribution frame is made up of interfering crosstalk of the
same type as the unit under test (UUT). At the distribution frames, cables from other sources enter the
bundle so that the interfering signals for the rest of the path inside the CO make up a “Composite CEXT”.
CEXT is specified in the Crosstalk Impairment Combination Tables in Section 5.4, but composite CEXT is
not included because of the rationale given in Section C.6. The two cases shown in Figure 5 have
equivalent crosstalk models. All wiring in the central office models consist of 24 AWG.
100 ft CEXT
400 ft Composite CEXT
Line Sharing
IDF
DSLAM
H
P
Test
Access
MDF
X
100 ft
100 ft
100 ft
Line Share
Splitter
Data
100 ft
100 ft
Outside
Plant
Voice
Class 5
Switch
Non Line Sharing
Class 5
Switch
100 ft CEXT
Voice
IDF
DSLAM
MDF
Splitter
Data
100 ft
100 ft
200 ft
400 ft Composite CEXT
Figure 5—Central Office Models
17
100 ft
Outside
Plant
5.2.2 Loop Models
Test loops are defined in Annex A. Rationale for the loop model is contained in Annex C, “Basis for
Network Model.”
5.2.3 Drop Models
The appropriate drop model differs significantly depending upon whether a second service is present on a
separate wire pair or may be added to the deployment environment. In cases where a second service
may be deployed on a separate wire pair, inter-wire-pair crosstalk can be the dominant impairment.
Because second services such as home-LAN (local area network) signals may become quite common,
testers are cautioned against using the single digital service model where the possibility exists for second
service deployment.
5.2.3.1 Drop Model for Single Digital Service
The drop wire is estimated to be 300 feet of 22 AWG, 2-line, Quad twist, aerial service wire. Loss of the
drop increases 2 dB per MHz up to 6 MHz. The drop wire can also be modeled by 250 feet of 24 AWG.
This value was obtained from the equivalent working length (EWL) calculation in ANSI T1.417, rounded to
the nearest 50 feet for simulation purposes.
5.2.3.2 Drop Model for Second Service Environments
Here, the premises end crosstalk (PEXT) effect can be dominant. The model comprises 300 feet of 22
AWG wire with the following inter-pair coupling (which approximates the maximum drop wire PEXT):
Inter-Pair Attenuation = -83 + 15log10(f/10) dB
for f in kHz and 10 kHz < f < 1 MHz
Inter-Pair Attenuation = -53 + 30log10(f/10) dB
for f in kHz and 1 MHz < f < 6 MHz
5.2.4 Drop Model for Business Entrance Cable
The entrance cable to an office or multi-tenant building is the termination of the network provider’s outside
plant cable and is included in the test loop models.
5.2.5 Models for Premises Wiring
Premises wiring models are contained in Annex B.
5.3
TEST SETUP
The preferred test set up will utilize actual wire, cables and actual sources of interference, including actual
DSL interferes, approximating Figures 3-5 as closely as possible.
Recognizing that test situations will exist where actual cable and interferers are not available, a simulation
model is provided. Figure 6 is a network diagram showing injections points and inclusion of two loop
segments, reflecting a model capable of simulating the CT2 connection type. Figure 7 shows a simplified
network diagram where it is unnecessary to segment the loop because “weighted intermediate crosstalk”
is injected at the premises to simulate the effect of high level FEXT from the intermediate RT present in
connection type CT2. A simplified simulator block diagram based on this model is given in Figure 8. The
test setup is given in Figure 9. The interference model is separated into four sources, as follows.

CO Impairments consist of 3 types, CEXT, NEXT, and Specified Impairments. A diagram of the
central office cabling and associated crosstalk impairments is in Section C.6. A diagram of the loop
simulator implementation is in Section A.3. CEXT is named for the crosstalk encountered on the
cabling between the DSLAM and the distribution frame. CEXT is specified to consist of like DSLs,
usually served from ports on the same line card. The length of this section is 100 feet of 24 AWG.
Since the cable is short, a short-loop crosstalk model that is different from the one used for the
outside plant cable is required. An additional crosstalk source is identified as composite CEXT. This
TIA-876
is the crosstalk that is encountered in the jumper trays of the intermediate and main distribution
frames. The length of this section is 400 feet of 24 AWG. In simulation equipment, the combined
length of the two sections of central office cabling, 500 feet of 24 AWG, is added to the total loop
length. A discussion of CEXT and Composite CEXT is provided in Section C.6. Short loop NEXT is
inserted into the network end of the cable and cable NEXT is inserted into the cable at the point
between the CEXT and Composite NEXT. NEXT is also inserted to represent the near end crosstalk
that occurs in the cable binder terminated at the MDF. For simplicity in implementing the simulation
model, the cable may be inserted at the network end and reduced by 100 feet of 24 AWG.
Whereas the above impairments are specified according to the expected deployment levels in the
year 2002, another set of impairment sources are specified that are not dependent on the expected
deployment of xDSL. These include the CO splitter amplitude distortion, background noise, ACinduced longitudinal interference, and longitudinal balance.

Intermediate Impairments consists of crosstalk noise introduced at a midpoint in the cable due to
repeaters, amplifiers, and remote deployment of DSLAMS. This major influence of this source is the
introduction of FEXT on the customer transceiver. This can be simulated by injecting “weighted
Intermediate Crosstalk” at the premises as shown in Figure 7.

Network to Customer Interface impairments consists of cable binder crosstalk noise introduced at
the customer premises end of the loop. For best accuracy the simulation model should insert the
CPE NEXT at the intersection of the loop and the drop. For simplicity in implementing the simulation
model the noise at the customer end may be inserted at the end of the drop for residential and multitenant applications. When this method is used, the amount of NEXT will be attenuated by 250 feet of
24 AWG, which is the length of the drop. Multi-tenant and business applications do not have drops,
but rather have entrance cabling on the customer premises. 250 feet of 24 AWG is added to the loop
length to account for premises entrance cabling. In this instance, the cable crosstalk will be assumed
to continue into the entrance cable and the noise at the customer end may be inserted at the
premises end of the entrance cable. A diagram of the loop simulator implementation is in Section
A.3.

Premises Impairments consists of specified impairments in the premises and drop wiring. These
sources include RFI from AM radio, RFI from the PC monitor, PEXT (premises end crosstalk that
occurs when two xDSL services are placed in the same quad home wiring), home LAN, AC
longitudinal interference, longitudinal balance, background noise, off-hook xDSL IMD, POTS voice
and data interference, DSL splitter/in-line filter amplitude distortion, and off-hook DSL signal level
change. Not all interference sources are used for each test. The combination and amplitudes of
interferences are specified for each test setup.
Additional detail on evaluating DSL performance with concurrent voiceband data transmission and
voiceband modem performance with concurrent DSL modem operation is contained in Annex E.
DSL signals are exchanged through the various wiring elements between the digital subscriber line
access multiplexer (DSLAM) and the xDSL transceiver. Concurrent voiceband signals (low speed data
communication, fax, etc) are also exchanged through the same network elements. Voiceband devices are
modem, fax, speakerphone, caller ID, answering machine and several telephone handsets. A voice
channel splitter interconnects the DSLAM and the plain old telephone service (POTS) channels at the
CO. An optional splitter interconnects the xDSL transceiver and the premises voice band devices as
shown on the right side of Figures 6 and 7.
19
TIA-876
Figure 6—xDSL Network Block Diagram with Impairment Injection Points
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
20
TIA-876
Figure 7 – Simplified Network Block Diagram with Impairment Injection Points
21
TIA-876
CEXT Loop
Composite CEXT
Loop
Outside Plant
Loop
Premises Wiring
Drop
Figure 8 –Simulator Setup Block Diagram
PSDXCO(f)
(CO Composite Interferer*)
DUT
PSDXCPE(f)
(CPE Composite Interferer*)
Loop Simulator
Premises Wiring
*Crosstalk simulation is a composite of different
interferers from different injection points, and
includes the effect of loops and bridged taps.
Figure 9 – Simulator Setup Block Diagram
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
22
DUT
TIA-876
5.4
IMPAIRMENT COMBINATION TABLES
5.4.1 Crosstalk Impairment Combination Tables
As discussed in Section 4, loops, bridged taps, connection types and crosstalk impairment combinations
are statistically characterized in this standard and form the basis for evaluation of network model
coverage (NMC) under specified conditions and with respect to a designated premises wiring model.
These impairments are specified in Tables 1 through 26, where crosstalk impairment combinations are
given for each loop/connection type combination. There are two sets of tables here – one set for the
Residential/Multiunit model and one set for the business model. Four severity levels are listed and
represent 50%, 80%, 95% and 99% of network coverage in terms of crosstalk severity. Severity ranges
from ‘A’ to ‘D’, with ‘A’ being the most severe and ‘D’ being the least severe. Note that there is a crosstalk
impairment table for each of the 13 loops in the network model. This is because the crosstalk disturbers
operate at different data rates for different loop lengths and therefore have different PSDs depending on
loop length. (See Annex C for a discussion of the rationale for the crosstalk model.)
Each table contains three sections; one for each of the crosstalk injection points in the model: CO,
Intermediate Point and CPE. Note that CEXT is inserted at the same point as NEXT, but has its origins in
the CO as discussed in Section 5.2.1. CEXT consists of a single interferer type -- the same type as the
UUT signal because it comes from signals emanating from the same DSLAM.
Maximum data rates permitted by the Spectrum Management Standard for various loop lengths are given
in the tables for variable rate services. This is based on the assumption that systems will run at the
maximum allowable rate. Interference PSDs used in the model shall correspond to these rates.
It is assumed that insertion of NEXT at one end of the loop produces a sufficient approximation of FEXT
at the other end, obviating the need to insert additional FEXT. FEXT is not included at either end in the
Crosstalk IC Tables since NEXT is always inserted at both ends.
Notes regarding injection of crosstalk impairments:

For CEXT use the equations in Annex F/F.1.1.1.2

T1 is from adjacent binder: use “mask minus 10 dB”

North American Standard ANSI T1.417, Issue 2, “Spectrum Management for Loop
Transmission Systems”, limits the data rate of certain systems(i.e., SDSL, SHDSL) to insure
spectral compatibility with basis DSL systems. The impairment combination table reflects the
maximum rate allowed for each test loop..If the requirements of T1.417 change, the rates
specified in the IC tables shall updated to comply with the revised standard.

The Interferers at the CPE injection point are assumed to be co-located. In practice,
however, the CPE interferers are typically distributed. The distribution of the interferers is
under study and will be taken into account in future versions of this standard.

The numbers of interferers at the CPE and CO ends are assumed to be the same. In
practice, however, the numbers of interferers on the CPE side are less. The distribution
cable between the cross-connect box and the CPE end is usually sized for ultimate needs,
including two or more lines per living unit. Conversely, the feeder cable between the CO and
cross-connect box is typically sized to handle lines needed for near-term growth. This
architecture results in the number of interferers at the CO side being greater than the number
of interferers at the CPE side. The relationship between the number of CO interferers and
the CPE interferers is under study and will be taken into account in future versions of this
standard.
23
TIA-876
Table 1—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 1 – Residential/Multiunit
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
15
30
50
0
0
0
2320
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
4
2
0
2
2320
3
3
2
0
1
2320
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
4
4
2
0
2
2320
3
3
2
0
1
2320
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
Intermediate Injection-Point
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Upstream)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
D
0
100
5
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
2320
2320
2320
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
Connection Type 2
B
C
27/ 4100 ft
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
A
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
24
0
0
0
0
TIA-876
Table 2—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 2– Residential/Multiunit
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
100
5
15
0
30
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
2320
2320
2320
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL Downstream)
#
50
0
0
0
2320
23
0
0
12
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
23
12
4
0
4
4
2
0
2
2320
3
3
2
0
1
2320
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
4
4
2
0
2
2320
3
3
2
0
1
2320
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
Intermediate Injection-Point
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Upstream)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
D
12/ 5000 ft
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
Connection Type 2
B
C
25
0
0
0
0
TIA-876
Table 3—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 3 – Residential/Multiunit
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
100
5
15
0
30
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
2320
2320
2320
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
50
0
0
0
2320
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
4
2
0
2
2320
3
3
2
0
1
2320
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
4
4
2
0
2
2320
3
3
2
0
1
2320
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
Intermediate Injection-Point
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Upstream)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
D
11/ 7000 ft
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
Connection Type 2
B
C
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
26
0
0
0
0
TIA-876
Table 4—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 4 – Residential/Multiunit
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
10/ 8200 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
0
0
0
2320
23
23
23
2320
12
12
12
2320
4
4
4
2320
0
0
0
0
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
2320
2320
2320
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
23
23
0
23
12
12
0
12
4
4
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
4
2
0
2
2320
3
3
2
0
1
2320
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
3
1
0
1
2320
3
3
1
0
1
2320
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
1000 ft
2500 ft
4000 ft
6000 ft
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
4
4
2
0
2
2320
3
3
2
0
1
2320
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
0
0
0
0
5
5
2
0
2
2320
4
4
2
0
1
2320
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
CPE Injection Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Upstream)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
27
TIA-876
Table 5—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 5 – Residential/Multiunit
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
10/ 9800 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
0
0
0
1880
23
23
23
1880
12
12
12
1880
4
4
4
1880
0
0
0
0
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
1880
1880
1880
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
4
2
0
2
1880
3
3
2
0
1
1880
2
2
1
0
1
1880
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
3
1
0
1
1880
3
3
1
0
1
1880
2
2
1
0
1
1880
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
1000 ft
2500 ft
4000 ft
6000 ft
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
4
3
2
0
2
1880
3
3
2
0
1
1880
2
2
1
0
1
1880
1
1
0
0
0
0
5
5
2
0
2
2320/1880
4
4
2
0
1
2320
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
CPE Injection Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Inter/CO Injection rate)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Upstream)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
28
TIA-876
Table 6—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 6 – Residential/Multiunit
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
6/ 11000 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
0
0
0
0
23
23
23
1664
12
12
12
1664
4
4
4
1664
0
0
0
0
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
1664
1664
1664
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
4
2
0
2
1664
3
3
2
0
1
1664
2
2
1
0
1
1664
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
3
1
0
1
1664
3
3
1
0
1
1664
2
2
1
0
1
1664
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
1000 ft
2500 ft
4000 ft
6000 ft
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
4
4
2
0
2
1664
3
3
2
0
1
1664
2
2
1
0
1
1664
1
1
0
0
0
0
5
5
2
0
2
2320/1664
4
4
2
0
1
1664
2
2
1
0
1
1664
1
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Inter/CO Injection rate)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Upstream)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
29
TIA-876
Table 7—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 7 – Residential/Multiunit
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
5/ 13000 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
0
0
0
0
23
23
23
1160
12
12
12
1160
4
4
4
1160
0
0
0
0
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
1160
1160
1160
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
4
2
0
2
1160
3
3
2
0
1
1160
2
2
1
0
1
1160
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
3
1
0
1
1160
3
3
1
0
1
1160
2
2
1
0
1
1160
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
1000 ft
2500 ft
4000 ft
6000 ft
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
4
4
2
0
2
1160
3
3
2
0
1
1160
2
2
1
0
1
1160
1
1
0
0
0
0
5
5
2
0
2
2320/1160
4
4
2
0
1
1160
2
2
1
0
1
1160
1
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Inter./CO Injection rate)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Upstream)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
30
TIA-876
Table 8—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 8 – Residential/Multiunit
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
5/ 12000 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
0
0
0
0
23
23
23
952
12
12
12
952
4
4
4
952
0
0
0
0
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
952
952
952
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
4
1
0
2
952
3
3
0
0
1
952
2
2
0
0
1
952
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
3
1
0
1
952
3
3
1
0
1
952
2
2
1
0
1
952
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
1000 ft
2500 ft
4000 ft
6000 ft
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
4
4
1
0
2
952
3
3
0
0
1
952
2
2
0
0
1
952
1
1
0
0
0
0
5
5
2
0
2
2320/952
4
4
2
0
1
952
2
2
1
0
1
952
1
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Inter./CO Injection rate)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Upstream)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
31
TIA-876
Table 9—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 9 – Residential/Multiunit
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
5/ 15000 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
0
0
0
0
23
23
23
688
12
12
12
688
4
4
4
688
0
0
0
0
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
688
688
688
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
4
1
0
2
688
3
3
0
0
1
688
2
2
0
0
1
688
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
3
1
0
1
688
3
3
1
0
1
688
2
2
1
0
1
688
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
1000 ft
2500 ft
4000 ft
6000 ft
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
4
4
1
0
2
688
3
3
0
0
1
688
2
2
0
0
1
688
1
1
0
0
0
0
5
5
2
0
2
2320/688
4
4
2
0
1
688
2
2
1
0
1
688
1
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Inter./CO Injection rate)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Upstream)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
32
TIA-876
Table 10—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 10 – Residential/Multiunit
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
4/ 14000 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
0
0
0
0
23
23
23
800
12
12
12
800
4
4
4
800
0
0
0
0
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
800
800
800
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
4
4
1
0
2
800
3
3
0
0
1
800
2
2
0
0
1
800
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
3
1
0
1
800
3
3
1
0
1
800
2
2
1
0
1
800
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
6
0
4
0
2
0
5
0
2
0
2
0
2
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
1000 ft
2500 ft
4000 ft
6000 ft
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
4
4
1
0
2
800
3
3
0
0
1
800
2
2
0
0
1
800
1
1
0
0
0
0
5
5
2
0
2
2320/800
4
4
2
0
1
800
2
2
1
0
1
800
1
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Inter./CO Injection rate)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Upstream)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
33
TIA-876
Table 11—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 11 – Residential/Multiunit
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
2/ 16000 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
0
0
0
0
23
23
23
592
12
12
12
592
4
4
4
592
0
0
0
0
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
592
592
592
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
4
4
1
0
2
592
3
3
0
0
1
592
2
2
0
0
1
592
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
3
1
0
1
592
3
3
1
0
1
592
2
2
1
0
1
592
1
1
0
0
0
0
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
1000 ft
2500 ft
4000 ft
6000 ft
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Inter./CO Injection rate)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Upstream)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
4
3
2
1
5
4
2
1
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
4
1
0
2
592
3
0
0
1
592
2
0
0
1
592
1
0
0
0
0
5
2
0
2
2320/592
4
2
0
1
592
2
1
0
1
592
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
34
TIA-876
Table 12—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 12 – Residential/Multiunit
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
2/ 17000 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
0
0
0
0
23
23
23
592
12
12
12
592
4
4
4
592
0
0
0
0
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
592
592
592
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
4
4
1
0
2
592
3
3
0
0
1
592
2
2
0
0
1
592
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
3
1
0
1
592
3
3
1
0
1
592
2
2
1
0
1
592
1
1
0
0
0
0
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
1000 ft
2500 ft
4000 ft
6000 ft
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
4
4
1
0
2
592
3
3
0
0
1
592
2
2
0
0
1
592
1
1
0
0
0
0
5
5
2
0
2
2320/592
4
4
2
0
1
592
2
2
1
0
1
592
1
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Inter./CO Injection rate)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Upstream)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
35
TIA-876
Table 13—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 13 – Residential/Multiunit
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
1/ 18000 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
0
0
0
0
23
23
23
592
12
12
12
592
4
4
4
592
0
0
0
0
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
592
592
592
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
23
0
0
23
12
0
0
12
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
4
4
1
0
2
592
3
3
0
0
1
592
2
2
0
0
1
592
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
3
1
0
1
592
3
3
1
0
1
592
2
2
1
0
1
592
1
1
0
0
0
0
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
1000 ft
2500 ft
4000 ft
6000 ft
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Downstream) #
#
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
4
4
1
0
2
592
3
3
0
0
1
592
2
2
0
0
1
592
1
1
0
0
0
0
5
5
2
0
2
2320/592
4
4
2
0
1
592
2
2
1
0
1
592
1
1
0
0
0
0
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Inter./CO Injection rate)
ANSI T1.418-1999
(HDSL2 - Upstream)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
36
TIA-876
Table 14—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 1 –Business
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
%/ft
%
%
B
C
Connection Type 2
D
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
30
50
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
2320
2320
2320
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
2320
2320
2320
#
23
12
4
0
0
0
2320
0
0
0
0
4
4
2
2
2
2320
2
2
2320
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
1
2
1
2320
1
1
2320
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
2320
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
T1 (QRSS)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
7
7
2
3
3
2320
2
2
2320
2
2
56
2
56
4
4
2
2
2
2320
2
2
2320
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
1
2
1
2320
1
1
2320
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
2320
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – US)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
0
C
D
0
0
0
15
Intermediate Injection-Point
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
0
100
5
NEXT (ATTENUATED BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
#
7
T1 (Idle)
#
7
ISDN/IDSL
#
2
G.991.1 (HDSL)
#
3
#
3
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
Rate (KBPS)
2320
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
#
2
#
2
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
2320
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
2
#
2
DDS (QRSS)
Rate (KBPS)
56
#
2
DDS (Idle)
Rate (KBPS)
56
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
B
27/ 4100 ft
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24 AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
A
37
TIA-876
Table 15—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 2 – Business
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
100
5
15
0
30
50
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
2320
2320
2320
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
2320
2320
2320
#
23
12
4
0
0
0
2320
0
0
0
0
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
7
7
2
3
3
2320
2
2
2320
2
2
56
2
56
4
4
2
2
2
2320
2
2
2320
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
1
2
1
2320
1
1
2320
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
2320
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
7
2
3
3
2320
2
2
2320
2
2
56
2
56
4
4
2
2
2
2320
2
2
2320
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
1
2
1
2320
1
1
2320
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
2320
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Intermediate Injection-Point
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – US)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
D
12/ 5000 ft
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
Connection Type 2
B
C
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
38
0
0
0
0
TIA-876
Table 16—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 3 – Business
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
100
5
15
0
30
50
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
2320
2320
2320
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
2128
2128
2128
#
23
12
4
0
0
0
2320
0
0
0
0
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
7
7
2
3
3
2320
2
2
2128
2
2
56
2
56
4
4
2
2
2
2320
2
2
2128
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
1
2
1
2320
1
1
2128
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
2320
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
7
2
3
3
2320
2
2
2128
2
2
56
2
56
4
4
2
2
2
2320
2
2
2128
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
1
2
1
2320
1
1
2128
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
2320
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Intermediate Injection-Point
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – US)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
D
11/ 7000 ft
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
Connection Type 2
B
C
39
0
0
0
0
TIA-876
Table 17—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 4 – Business
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
10/ 8200 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
2320
2320
2320
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
1232
1232
1232
#
23
12
4
0
0
0
2320
0
0
0
0
23
23
23
2320
23
23
1232
23
12
12
12
2320
12
12
1232
12
4
4
4
2320
4
4
1232
4
0
0
0
2320
0
0
0
0
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
3
2
1
2
1
2320
1
1
1232
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
2320
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
6
1
2
1
2320
1
2
1232
1
1
56
1
56
3
3
1
2
1
2320
1
2
1232
1
1
56
1
56
2
1
1
2
1
2320
1
1
1232
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
2320
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4000 ft
6000 ft
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
7
7
2
3
3
2320
2
2
1232
2
2
56
2
56
4
4
2
2
2
2320
2
2
1232
2
1
56
1
56
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
1000 ft
2500 ft
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
1
1
1
2320
1
0
0
1
1
56
1
56
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
7
2
3
3
2320
2
2
1232
2
2
56
2
56
4
4
2
2
2
2320
2
2
1232
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
1
2
1
2320
1
1
1232
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
2320
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
2
3
2
2320
2
2
1232
2
2
56
2
56
5
5
2
2
2
2320
2
2
1232
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
1
2
1
2320
1
1
1232
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
2320
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – US)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
40
TIA-876
Table 18—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 5 – Business
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
10/ 9800 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
23
23
1880
23
23
912
23
12
12
12
1880
12
12
912
12
4
4
4
1880
4
4
912
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
1
2
1
1880
1
1
912
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1880
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
6
1
2
1
1880
1
2
912
1
1
56
1
56
3
3
1
2
1
1880
1
2
912
1
1
56
1
56
2
1
1
2
1
1880
1
1
912
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1880
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4000 ft
6000 ft
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
1880
1880
1880
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
912
912
912
#
23
12
4
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
7
7
2
3
3
1880
2
2
912
2
2
56
2
56
4
4
2
2
2
1880
2
2
912
2
1
56
1
56
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
1000 ft
2500 ft
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
1
1
1
2320
1
0
0
1
1
56
1
56
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
7
2
3
3
1880
2
2
912
2
2
56
2
56
4
4
2
2
2
1880
2
2
912
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
1
2
1
1880
1
1
912
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1880
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
2
3
2
2320/1880
2
2
912
2
2
56
2
56
5
5
2
2
2
2320/1880
2
2
912
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
1
2
1
2320/1880
1
1
912
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
2320/1880
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Inter./CO Injection rate)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – US)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
41
TIA-876
Table 19—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 6 – Business
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
6/ 11000 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
23
23
1664
23
23
784
23
12
12
12
1664
12
12
784
12
4
4
4
1664
4
4
784
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
1
2
1
1664
1
1
784
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1664
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
6
1
2
1
1664
1
2
784
1
1
56
1
56
3
3
1
2
1
1664
1
2
784
1
1
56
1
56
2
1
1
2
1
1664
1
1
784
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1664
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4000 ft
6000 ft
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
1664
1664
1664
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
784
784
784
#
23
12
4
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
7
7
2
3
3
1664
2
2
784
2
2
56
2
56
4
4
2
2
2
1664
2
2
784
2
1
56
1
56
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
1000 ft
2500 ft
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
1
1
1
2320
1
0
0
1
1
56
1
56
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
7
2
3
3
1664
2
2
784
2
2
56
2
56
4
4
2
2
2
1664
2
2
784
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
1
2
1
1664
1
1
784
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1664
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
2
3
2
2320/1664
2
2
784
2
2
56
2
56
5
5
2
2
2
2320/1664
2
2
784
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
1
2
1
1664
1
1
784
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1664
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Inter./CO Injection rate)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – US)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
42
TIA-876
Table 20—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 7 – Business
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
5/ 13000 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
23
23
1160
23
23
592
23
12
12
12
1160
12
12
592
12
4
4
4
1160
4
4
592
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
1
2
1
1160
1
1
592
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1160
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
6
1
2
1
1160
1
2
592
1
1
56
1
56
3
3
1
2
1
1160
1
2
592
1
1
56
1
56
2
1
1
2
1
1160
1
1
592
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1160
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4000 ft
6000 ft
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
1160
1160
1160
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
592
592
592
#
23
12
4
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
7
7
2
3
3
1160
2
2
592
2
2
56
2
56
4
4
2
2
2
1160
2
2
592
2
1
56
1
56
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
1000 ft
2500 ft
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
1
1
2320
1
0
0
1
1
56
1
56
2
2
0
1
2320
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
7
2
3
3
1160
2
2
592
2
2
56
2
56
4
4
2
2
2
1160
2
2
592
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
1
2
1
1160
1
1
592
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1160
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
2
3
2
2320/1160
2
2
592
2
2
56
2
56
5
5
2
2
2
2320/1160
2
2
592
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
1
2
1
1160
1
1
592
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1160
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Inter./CO Injection rate)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – US)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
43
TIA-876
Table 21—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 8 – Business
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
5/ 12000 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
23
23
952
23
23
416
23
12
12
12
952
12
12
416
12
4
4
4
952
4
4
416
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
2
1
952
1
1
416
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
952
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
6
1
2
1
952
1
2
416
1
1
56
1
56
3
3
1
2
1
952
1
2
416
1
1
56
1
56
2
1
1
2
1
952
1
1
416
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
952
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
952
952
952
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
416
416
416
#
23
12
4
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
7
7
1
3
3
952
2
2
416
2
2
56
2
56
4
4
0
2
2
952
2
2
416
2
1
56
1
56
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
1000 ft
2500 ft
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
1
1
1
2320
1
0
0
1
1
56
1
56
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
4000 ft
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6000 ft
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
7
1
3
3
952
2
2
416
2
2
56
2
56
4
4
0
2
2
952
2
2
416
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
0
2
1
952
1
1
416
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
952
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
2
3
2
2320/952
2
2
416
2
2
56
2
56
5
5
2
2
2
2320/952
2
2
416
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
1
2
1
952
1
1
416
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
952
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Inter./CO Injection rate)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – US)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
44
TIA-876
Table 22—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 9 – Business
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
5/ 15000 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
23
23
688
23
23
336
23
12
12
12
688
12
12
336
12
4
4
4
688
4
4
336
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
2
1
688
1
1
336
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
688
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
6
1
2
1
688
1
2
336
1
1
56
1
56
3
3
1
2
1
688
1
2
336
1
1
56
1
56
2
1
1
2
1
688
1
1
336
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
688
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
688
688
688
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
336
336
336
#
23
12
4
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
7
7
1
3
3
688
2
2
336
2
2
56
2
56
4
4
0
2
2
688
2
2
336
2
1
56
1
56
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
1000 ft
2500 ft
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
1
1
1
2320
1
0
0
1
1
56
1
56
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
4000 ft
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6000 ft
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
7
1
3
3
688
2
2
336
2
2
56
2
56
4
4
0
2
2
688
2
2
336
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
0
2
1
688
1
1
336
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
688
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
2
3
2
2320/688
2
2
336
2
2
56
2
56
5
5
2
2
2
2320/688
2
2
336
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
1
2
1
688
1
1
336
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
688
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Inter./CO Injection rate)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – US)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
45
TIA-876
Table 23—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 10 – Business
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
4/ 14000 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
23
23
800
23
23
416
23
12
12
12
800
12
12
416
12
4
4
4
800
4
4
416
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
2
1
800
1
1
416
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
800
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
6
1
2
1
800
1
2
416
1
1
56
1
56
3
3
1
2
1
800
1
2
416
1
1
56
1
56
2
1
1
2
1
800
1
1
416
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
800
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
800
800
800
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
416
416
416
#
23
12
4
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
7
7
1
3
3
800
2
2
416
2
2
56
2
56
4
4
0
2
2
800
2
2
416
2
1
56
1
56
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
1000 ft
2500 ft
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
1
1
1
2320
1
0
0
1
1
56
1
56
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
4000 ft
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6000 ft
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
7
2
3
3
800
2
2
416
2
2
56
2
56
4
4
2
2
2
800
2
2
416
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
1
2
1
800
1
1
416
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
800
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
2
3
2
2320/800
2
2
416
2
2
56
2
56
5
5
2
2
2
2320/800
2
2
416
2
1
56
1
56
3
2
1
2
1
800
1
1
416
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
800
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Inter./CO Injection rate)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – US)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
46
TIA-876
Table 24—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 11 – Business
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
2/ 16000 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
23
23
592
23
23
320
23
12
12
12
592
12
12
320
12
4
4
4
592
4
4
320
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
2
1
592
1
1
320
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
592
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
6
1
2
1
592
1
2
320
1
1
38
1
38
3
3
1
2
1
592
1
2
320
1
1
38
1
38
2
1
1
2
1
592
1
1
320
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
592
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
592
592
592
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
320
320
320
#
23
12
4
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
7
7
1
3
3
592
2
2
320
2
2
38
2
38
4
4
0
2
2
592
2
2
320
2
1
38
1
38
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
1000 ft
2500 ft
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
1
1
1
2320
1
0
0
1
1
38
1
38
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
4000 ft
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6000 ft
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
7
2
3
3
592
2
2
320
2
2
38
2
38
4
4
2
2
2
592
2
2
320
2
1
38
1
38
3
2
1
2
1
592
1
1
320
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
592
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
2
3
2
2320/592
2
2
320
2
2
38
2
38
5
5
2
2
2
2320/592
2
2
320
2
1
38
1
38
3
2
1
2
1
592
1
1
320
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
592
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Inter./CO Injection rate)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – US)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
47
TIA-876
Table 25—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 12 – Business
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
2/ 17000 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
23
23
592
23
23
300
23
12
12
12
592
12
12
300
12
4
4
4
592
4
4
300
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
2
1
592
1
1
300
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
592
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
6
1
2
1
592
1
2
300
1
1
56
1
56
3
3
1
2
1
592
1
2
300
1
1
56
1
56
2
1
1
2
1
592
1
1
300
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
592
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
NEXT (ATTENUATED
BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
592
592
592
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
300
300
300
#
23
12
4
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
7
7
1
3
3
592
2
2
300
2
2
19.2
2
19.2
4
4
0
2
2
592
2
2
300
2
1
19.2
1
19.2
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
1000 ft
2500 ft
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
1
1
1
2320
1
0
0
1
1
19.2
1
19.2
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
4000 ft
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6000 ft
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
7
1
3
3
592
2
2
300
2
2
19.2
2
19.2
4
4
0
2
2
592
2
2
300
2
1
19.2
1
19.2
3
2
0
2
1
592
1
1
300
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
592
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
2
3
2
2320/592
2
2
300
2
2
19.2
2
19.2
5
5
2
2
2
2320/592
2
2
300
2
1
19.2
1
19.2
3
2
1
2
1
592
1
1
300
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
592
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Inter./CO Injection rate)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
48
TIA-876
Table 26—Crosstalk Impairment Combinations for Loop 13 – Business
Units
Severity
Loop LOO/feet
CT LOO
IC LOO
%/ft
%
%
Connection Type 1 (Direct & RT)
A
B
C
D
A
Connection Type 2
B
C
D
1/ 18000 ft
90
4.5
13.5
10
27
45
0.5
1.5
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
23
23
592
23
23
300
23
12
12
12
592
12
12
300
12
4
4
4
592
4
4
300
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
2
1
592
1
1
300
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
6
1
2
1
592
1
2
300
1
1
56
1
56
3
3
1
2
1
592
1
2
300
1
1
56
1
56
2
1
1
2
1
592
1
1
300
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
592
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CO Injection Point
CEXT (100 FT, 24
AWG)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
(Select interferer of the same type as the UUT, only.)
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
592
592
592
#
23
12
4
#
23
12
4
Rate (KBPS)
300
300
300
#
23
12
4
NEXT (ATTENUATED BY 100 FT, 24 AWG)
T1 (QRSS)
#
7
T1 (Idle)
#
7
ISDN/IDSL
#
1
G.991.1 (HDSL)
#
3
#
3
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
Rate (KBPS)
592
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
#
2
#
2
SDSL (2B1Q)
Rate (KBPS)
300
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
#
2
#
2
DDS (QRSS)
Rate (KBPS)
19.2
#
2
DDS (Idle)
Rate (KBPS)
19.2
4
4
0
2
2
592
2
2
300
2
1
19.2
1
19.2
Intermediate Injection-Point (distance from CPE end)
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – DS)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – DS)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
1000 ft
2500 ft
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
1
1
1
2320
1
0
0
1
1
19.2
1
19.2
2
2
1
0
1
2320
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
4000 ft
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6000 ft
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
7
1
3
3
592
2
2
300
2
2
19.2
2
19.2
4
4
0
2
2
592
2
2
300
2
1
19.2
1
19.2
3
2
0
2
1
592
1
1
300
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
592
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
2
3
2
2320/592
2
2
300
2
2
19.2
2
19.2
5
5
2
2
2
2320/592
2
2
300
2
1
19.2
1
19.2
3
2
1
2
1
592
1
1
300
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
592
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CPE Injection-Point
NEXT
T1 (QRSS)
T1 (Idle)
ISDN/IDSL
G.991.1 (HDSL)
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
(Inter./CO Injection rate)
T1.418 (HDSL2 – US)
SDSL (2B1Q)
G.992.1 (ADSL – US)
DDS (QRSS)
DDS (Idle)
#
#
#
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
#
Rate (KBPS)
#
Rate (KBPS)
49
TIA-876
5.4.2 Specified Steady-State Impairments
The specified steady-state impairment combinations are defined in Table 27. These impairment
combinations define the conditions under which a test is run. Three severity levels are defined.
The table is divided into two major sections – one for CO-injected impairments and one for CPEinjected impairments.
Table 27—Specified Steady-State Impairment Combinations
Impairment
Units
Severity
Notes
CO Injected Impairments (CO and outside plant sources)
CO Splitter DSL Amplitude
Distortion
Background Noise
AC-induced Interference,
longitudinal (60Hz +
harmonics)
Longitudinal Balance
0
1
2
3
See mask
None
None
None
0.25 dB
dBm/Hz
-140
-140
-140
-140
Vrms
0
5
10
25
dB
125
100
75
50
”wet” technologies only
Under study
CPE Injected Impairments (drop wire and premises sources)
RFI & NBI Ingress
- PC Monitor Interference
Template (t)
None
None
t1
t2
Under study
- AM radio
AC-induced Interference,
longitudinal (60Hz +
harmonics)
Longitudinal Balance
Template (t)
None
RT 1
RT 2
RT 3
Annex F.2
Vrms
0
5
10
25
dB
125
100
75
50
Drop Wire PEXT
dBm
None
See
formula formula
less 3 dB (Section
5.2)
None
None
Only one of these
impairments should be
B.3;
Formula
used at a time
equation
less 3 dB
depending on the
B1
premises wiring model
selected
None
None
B.3;
Formula
equation
less 3 dB
B2
None
None
None
Residential/Multi
unit
Premises Wiring PEXT
Non-paired
station wire
(dBm)
Business
Category 3
station wire
(dBm)
Residential Wiring (untwisted)
PEXT (2 pair)
Under study
dBm
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Formula
B.3;
less 3 dB equation
B3
Working Draft
50
TIA-876
5.4.3 Specified Transient Impairments
Important transient impairments for use in special susceptibility tests are listed in Table 28. These
impairments do not form a part of the Network Coverage Model but are a very important part of the
Access Network Transmission Model and must be accounted for in testing.
Table 28— Non-continuous Impairments (Under Study)
Impairment
Units
Severity
I
Severity
II
Severity
III
Notes
CO
CO ringing signal transients*
DOV only
Call progress signalling (dial, busy, etc.)
DOV only
Impulse noise
Premises
Impulse noise (dimmers, motors, etc.)
On/Off-Hook transition
DOV only
Ring Trip interference
DOV only
Call progress events
DOV only
POTS Interference Into DSL
DOV only
- voice
dBm
Telcordia tapes
- data
dBm
Test with V.90
modem
dB
Under study
On/Off-Hook DSL Signal Level Change
(bridging loss change)
DOV only
Under study
Off-Hook DSL IMD
DOV only
*Transient impairment: An impairment that, by nature, has a short duration.
51
TIA-876
5.4.4 Network Model Coverage
Table 29 presents the scores for the test channels in the network model. An individual test channel score
(product of Loop LOO and IC LOO) can be found in the cell that is the intersection of the IC and test loop.
Tables are provided for Network Model Coverages (NMC) of 100%, 95%, 90% and 62%. NMC Tables of
less that 100% are created by removing Loop/IC combinations with lower percentage scores to produce
the desired NMC coverage, and are used to reduce the test time — tests are only run on test channels
that have scores. These tables can be used for both Residential/Multiunit and Business models
Tests can be adapted to evaluate particular situations, such as running tests on a subset of the loop
lengths. .
Table 29—Network Model Coverage = 100%
CT1 CT1 &
CT2
IC LOO% LOO%
1
2
3
4
5
6
Loop
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
27
12
11
10
10
6
5
5
5
4
2
2
1
CT1 D
50
45 13.50% 6.00% 5.50% 4.50% 4.50% 2.70% 2.25% 2.25% 2.25% 1.80% 0.90% 0.90% 0.45%
CT1 C
30
27 8.10% 3.60% 3.30% 2.70% 2.70% 1.62% 1.35% 1.35% 1.35% 1.08% 0.54% 0.54% 0.27%
CT1 B
15
13.5 4.05% 1.80% 1.65% 1.35% 1.35% 0.81% 0.68% 0.68% 0.68% 0.54% 0.27% 0.27% 0.14%
CT2 D
CT1 A
5
5
0.50% 0.50% 0.30% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 0.20% 0.10% 0.10% 0.05%
4.5 1.35% 0.60% 0.55% 0.45% 0.45% 0.27% 0.23% 0.23% 0.23% 0.18% 0.09% 0.09% 0.05%
CT2 C
3
0.30% 0.30% 0.18% 0.15% 0.15% 0.15% 0.12% 0.06% 0.06% 0.03%
CT2 B
1.5
0.15% 0.15% 0.09% 0.08% 0.08% 0.08% 0.06% 0.03% 0.03% 0.02%
CT2 A
0.5
0.05% 0.05% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.03% 0.02% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01%
Table 30 —Network Model Coverage = 95%
5% cross product truncation
CT1
IC
CT1 &
CT2
LOO% LOO%
1
2
3
4
5
6
Loop
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
27
12
11
10
10
6
5
5
5
4
2
2
1
CT1 D
50
45 13.50% 6.00% 5.50% 4.50% 4.50% 2.70% 2.25% 2.25% 2.25% 1.80% 0.90% 0.90% 0.45%
CT1 C
30
27 8.10% 3.60% 3.30% 2.70% 2.70% 1.62% 1.35% 1.35% 1.35% 1.08% 0.54% 0.54% 0.27%
CT1 B
15
CT2 D
CT1 A
13.5 4.05% 1.80% 1.65% 1.35% 1.35% 0.81% 0.68% 0.68% 0.68% 0.54% 0.27%
5
5
0.50% 0.50% 0.30%
4.5 1.35% 0.60% 0.55% 0.45% 0.45%
CT2 C
3
CT2 B
1.5
CT2 A
0.5
0.30% 0.30%
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
52
TIA-876
Table 31 —Network Model Coverage = 90%
10% cross product truncation
Number of Test Channels = 30
CT1
IC
CT1 &
CT2
LOO% LOO%
1
2
3
4
5
6
27
12
11
10
10
6
Loop
7
5
8
9
10
11
12
13
5
5
4
2
2
1
CT1 D
50
45 13.50% 6.00% 5.50% 4.50% 4.50% 2.70% 2.25% 2.25% 2.25% 1.80% 0.90% 0.90% 0.90%
CT1 C
30
27
8.10% 3.60% 3.30% 2.70% 2.70% 1.62% 1.35% 1.35% 1.35% 1.08%
CT1 B
15
13.5
4.05% 1.80% 1.65% 1.35% 1.35% 0.81% 0.68% 0.68% 0.68% 0.54%
CT2 D
5
CT1 A
5
4.5
CT2 C
3
CT2 B
1.5
CT2 A
0.5
1.35% 0.60% 0.55%
Table 32 —Network Model Coverage = 62%
38% cross product truncation
Number of Test Channels = 17
CT1
IC
CT1 &
CT2
LOO% LOO%
1
2
3
4
5
6
Loop
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
27
12
11
10
10
6
5
5
5
4
2
2
1
CT1 D
50
45 13.50% 6.00% 5.50% 4.50% 4.50% 2.70% 2.25% 2.25% 2.25% 1.80% 0.90% 0.90% 0.45%
CT1 C
30
27 8.10%
CT1 B
15
13.5 4.05%
CT2 D
CT1 A
5
5
0.50%
4.5 1.35%
CT2 C
3
CT2 B
1.5
CT2 A
0.5
53
TIA-876
Annex A (Normative): Test Loops
A.1 TEST LOOP LIKELIHOODS OF OCCURENCE (LOOS)
The set of test loops are representative of the wide variety of non-loaded loop make-ups currently
deployed in North America. Test loop Likelihood of Occurrences (LOOs) are compiled from four recent
North American Surveys that include samples as large as 14 million loops. The rationale for the LOOs
and bins is given in Annex C. The test loop make-ups are actual loops that were taken from one of the
loops surveys. The surveys included both central office deployed and digital loop carrier deployed loops.
The loops were selected based on their fit into thirteen bins, most of which represent 1000- to 1500-foot
increments in physical loop length. The physical loop length is the sum of the individual segments,
regardless of the gauge, between the exchange and the customer end of the loop and does not include
bridged taps. The EWL (equivalent working length) is a term used in ANSI T1.417 that represents the
equivalent physical length of the loop if it were all 26 gauge instead of multiple gauges. The data from the
three surveys were found to be consistent in their distribution.
The set of test loops in Figure A1 and Table A1 are ordered by physical length into bins. The LOO for
each test loop is included in the table.
Table A1—Test Loop LOOs as of 2002
Test Loop
Bin
Physical Length (ft)
EWL (ft)
LOO (%)
DC Resistance
(Per T1.417)
xDSL 1
0 - 4500 ft
4100
3675
27
288
xDSL 2
4501 - 6000 ft
5000
4875
12
400
xDSL 3
6001 - 7500 ft
7000
6075
11
468
xDSL 4
7501 - 9000 ft
8200
8025
10
660
xDSL 5
9001 - 10500 ft
9800
9550
10
784
xDSL 6
10501 - 11500 ft
11000
10750
6
800
xDSL 7
11501 - 12500 ft
12000
11375
5
920
xDSL 8
12501 - 13500 ft
13000
12775
5
1053
xDSL 9
13501 - 14500 ft
14000
13750
5
1133
xDSL 10
14501 - 15500 ft
15000
13650
4
1080
xDSL 11
15501 - 16500 ft
16000
15500
2
1268
xDSL 12
16501 - 17500 ft
17000
16350
2
1333
xDSL 13
17501 - 19500 ft
18000
17500
1
1434
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
54
TIA-876
A.2 TEST LOOPS
500/24
xDSL Loop 1
E
O
1500/24
200/24
2000/26
400/26
N
I
600/26
xDSL Loop 2
E
O
4500/26
500/24
1200/26
xDSL Loop 3
E
O
3400/24
3000/26
200/26
xDSL Loop 4
E
O
2600/26
1600/26
300/26
N
I
500/24
N
I
300/24
900/26
2500/26
1700/26
700/24
700/26
N
I
900/26
xDSL Loop 5
E
O
5500/26
1000/24
N
I
3300/26
700/24
xDSL Loop 6
E
O
7300/26
3700/24
Figure A.1—Test Loops for Evaluating xDSL Modems
55
N
I
TIA-876
200/26
xDSL
7
xDSL Loop
Loop 8
E
O
6600/26
700/24
500/26
5000/26
200/24
N
I
800/24
xDSL
xDSL Loop
Loop 78
E
O
7000/26
2500/24
N
I
2500/26
500/24
E
9600/26
E
13000/26
xDSL Loop 10
xDSL
9 O
xDSL
xDSL Loop
Loop 910 O
N
I
5400/24
500/24
E
14000/26
xDSL Loop 11 O
N
I
1000/24
1500/24
1000/24
500/24
N
I
800/24
E
xDSL Loop 12 O
2600/24
7400/26
7000/26
N
I
1200/26
E
xDSL Loop 13 O
11000/26
5000/26
2000/24
N
I
Figure A.1 (Cont.)—Test Loops for Evaluating xDSL Modems
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
56
TIA-876
A.3 LOOP SIMULATOR IMPLEMENTATION
Two types of loops are described in this document- Residential loops and multi-tenant / business
loops. Central office cabling is defined in Section 5.3 as consisting of two sections of cable,
totaling 500 feet of 24 AWG cable. In simulation equipment, this length is added to the loop at
the central office end. This length is added to the models of all three loop types.
At the premises end of the loop, wiring is also added to represent the drop and entrance cable. For
residential loops, an additional 300 feet of 22 AWG is added to represent the drop wiring. To avoid using
22 AWG, this is simulated with 250 feet of 24 AWG. For multi-tenant and business loops, an additional
250 feet of 24 AWG is added to represent the premises entrance cable shown in Figure B1.
Diagrams A.2 and A.3 below demonstrate the additional cable that is added to the loop to account for
central office and premises cabling. The premises wiring models are separate from the loop models in
simulation equipment.
Loop Simulator
500 ft 24 AWG
Co Wiring
Selected Loop Model
250 ft 24 AWG
Drop Wire
Residential Loop Model -- In the Loop Simulator add 750 ft (500 ft + 250 ft), 24AWG
to selected Loop Model to account for for CO and premises wiring
Figure A.2 – Loop Simulator configuration for Residential Loops
Loop Simulator
500 ft 24 AWG
Co Wiring
Selected Loop Model
250 ft 24 AWG
Entrance Cable
Multi-tenant and Business Loop Model -- In the Loop Simulator add 750 ft (500 ft + 250 ft), 24AWG
to selected Loop Model to account for CO and Entrance Cable wiring
Figure A.3 – Loop Simulator configuration for Multi-Tenant and Business Loops
57
TIA-876
Annex B (Normative): Premises Models
A majority of North American premises are wired with multi-pair, untwisted wire. The models
below utilize only one pair, but consideration should be given to two POTS and two DSL services
in a premises. For “dry” loops, all attached devices except the DTU-R are to be disconnected.
There are two Single Family Residence models – one a ‘daisy-chain’ configuration and one a
‘star’ configuration.
Two Multi-Tenant Residence models are derived from the Single Family Residence models. The
topology is nearly identical, but with a long feed, fewer jacks and shorter runs. Components of
the Single Family models can be used to generate the Multi-Tenant models.
Business premises fall into two categories: small and large. It is suggested that small business
premises wiring is not sufficiently different from the Single Family Residence models to warrant
separate models. It is believed that a high percentage of large business premises are served by
one or more local area networks. Wiring of large business premises is recommended as a
subject for further study.
No devices are shown in the models – just the wiring configuration. Device effects are modeled
independently of the premises wiring models. The device under test (DUT) can be connected to
any jack, but certain ones are required by the NMC test profile. Connection of the DUT is
typically at the minimum point of entry from the NID into the premises wiring because that is
usually the most stressful. The required DUT connection is indicated in the premises wiring
figures. All but one of the models is “universal” in the sense that it can be used in a splittered,
non-splittered or distributed filter configuration. Dry technologies (no central office battery) would
use the non-splittered configuration. Wet technologies (Data over analog POTS) would use a
splitter at the central office end and microfilters on the premises end. An exception is Figure B2A
that is a splittered-only configuration. It consists of direct premises wiring between the NID and
CPE with a premises splitter. It has no capability for attached devices other than the DUT.
For a splittered application, splitters matched to the system under test will be placed at each end.
For a distributed filter application at the premises, the attached devices should include the
appropriate microfilters for the device under test and the appropriate splitter at the central office
end. Performance results apply to the combination of the modems and the splitters/filters used.
Significant crosstalk can occur between premises wiring cable pairs when a second digital service
or home phoneline network is present. Characterization of this premises end crosstalk (PEXT) is
given in Section B.3. (A PEXT loss formula for drop wire is given in Section 5.2.3.2.)
The following general rules apply to the use of these premises models:
1. In applications that are data-only (‘dry’), no splitters or microfilters are used.
2. In data over voice applications (‘wet’) that use splitters, the splitter shall be inserted at the
NI. All premises wiring except wiring to the DUT shall be placed on the voice side of the
splitter.
3. In data over voice applications that use microfilters, microfilters shall be placed on each
active jack except the DUT jack.
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
58
TIA-876
B.1
SINGLE FAMILY AND SMALL OFFICE PREMISES MODELS
B.1.1 Daisy Chain Wiring (P1)
This model (see Figure B1) is configured with 4-conductor, 24 AWG, non-paired station wire
(ANSI/CEA S-80-576-1994). Both pairs are daisy-chained to all jacks. Total wire length is 250
feet. This model is similar to the in-home wiring model number 2 in the ITU G.996.1 section
6.2.2. The primary difference is that the DUT is moved to J-1. A second service may be present.
25FT
(7.6M)
60FT
(18.3M)
J1
J2
NI
90FT
(27.4M)
J3
35FT
(10.7M)
DUT
J1: DUT
J2: Telephone A
J3: V.90 Modem
J4: Telephone B + CID
J5: Telephone C
J4
40FT
(12.2M)
J5
Figure B1—Daisy Chain Wiring Model
B.1.2 Star Wiring (P2)
This model (see Figure B2) is configured with 4-pair, category 3 wire. Aggregate wire length is
500 feet. A second service may be present.
Figure B2—Star Wiring Model
59
TIA-876
B.1.3 Star Wiring (P3) with Central ADSL Splitter and Direct Line
This is a wet premises wiring model only. The model is the same as Figure B2 accept for the
addition of a Premises ADSL Splitter and 150 feet of Category 5 wire direct from the NI to one
wall jack, with no taps or extensions. The splitter is a low pass filter that isolates the other
premises wiring and attached devices form the direct DSL wire pair.
Splitter/
NI
150 feet Category 5 wire
J9
DUT
Figure B3 – Star Wiring (P3) with Central ADSL Splitter and Direct Line
B.1.4 Crosstalk Insertion
For best accuracy the Simulation model should insert the CPE NEXT at the intersection of the
loop and the drop. For simplicity in implementing the Simulation model, the noise at the customer
end may be inserted at the end of the drop for Residential and Multi-tenant applications. When
this method is used, the amount of next will be attenuated by 250 feet of 24AWG, which is the
equivalent length of the drop that connects the premises to the loop.
B.2
MULTI-UNIT/BUSINESS WIRING
B.2.1 Multi-Tenant Residence / Business -- Daisy Chain Wiring (P3)
This model (see Figure B3) is similar to the Single Family Daisy Chain but with a long feed, fewer
jacks and shorter runs. Use P1 (Daisy) with addition of 250 feet of entrance cable to the feeder
and using only jacks J3 through J7 – see Figure B1. In the simulation model, the 250 feet section
of entrance cable should be added to the total loop length of the loop simulation equipment.
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
60
TIA-876
Figure B4—Multi-Tenant /Business Residence Daisy Chain Model
B.2.2 Multi-Tenant Residence / Business -- Star Wiring (P4)
This model (see Figure B4) is similar to the Single Family Star but with a long feed, fewer jacks
and shorter runs. Use P2 (Star) with addition of 150 feet to the feeder – See Figure B2. The long
runs of P2 (containing jacks J5 through J7) must be disconnected.
Figure B5—Multi-Tenant Residence / Business Star Wiring Model
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TIA-876
B.2.3 Small Office Wiring (P1 and P2)
Same as Single Family models. Use P1 (Daisy) or P2 (Star) – see Figures B.1 and B.2.
B.2.4 Large Office Wiring
For further study.
B.2.5 Crosstalk Insertion for Multi-Tenant and Business Loops
For multi tenant and business applications, the loop length is increased by 250 ft to account for
additional cabling in the entrance facility. The Simulation model shall insert the CPE NEXT at the
intersection of the entrance facility and the premises wiring.
B.3
PREMISES CROSSTALK (PEXT)
When a home phoneline network or a second digital service is present, a significant level of
crosstalk can occur between pairs of wires either in the fixed premises wiring or in the “silver
satin” phone cords that connect equipment to wall jacks. This section gives PEXT loss formulas
for both twisted and untwisted station wire and silver satin phone cords. The formulas for
untwisted wire and silver satin wire are the result of fitting curves to actual test results. The
formula for twisted wire PEXT loss was developed from the specification for ‘NEXT loss worst
pair’ contained in EIA/TIA-570 (Table 4).
B.3.1 PEXT Transfer Function – Non-paired Station Wire
The following formula (Equation B1) was derived from crosstalk tests conducted using 250 feet
of 4-conductor, 24 AWG, non-paired station wire. This model approximates the maximum
permises non-paired station wire PEXT transfer function.
Premises Wire PEXT (non-paired) = -41 + 18*log10(f/10) dB
10 kHz < f(kHz) < 400 kHz
Premises Wire PEXT (non-paired) = -12.2 – 7*log10(f/400) dB
400 kHz < f(kHz) < 6 MHz
B.3.2 PEXT Transfer Function – Twisted (Cat 3) Station Wire
The following formula (Equation B2) was derived from the ‘NEXT loss worst pair crosstalk
specification for twisted, 4-pair 24 AWG station wire contained in ANSI/EIA/TIA-570. This applies
to a length of 1000 feet.
Premises Wire PEXT (twisted) = -73 + 16*log10(f/10) dB
10 kHz < f(kHz) < 6 MHz
B.3.3 PEXT Transfer Function – Single Phone Cord
The following formula (Equation B3) was derived from crosstalk tests conducted using a 20 ft.
length of “silver satin” phone cord. This model approximates the maximum permises phone cord
PEXT transfer function.
Single line cord PEXT = -60 + 20*log10(f/10) dB
10 kHz < f(kHz) < 1 MHz
Single line cord PEXT = -20 + 6*log10(f/1000) dB
1 MHz < f(kHz) < 6 MHz
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Annex C (Informative): Rationale For Network Model
This annex presents rationale for the North American network access model presented in this standard.
This rationale is based on a projection of the network model for the year 2002.
C.1
LOOP MODEL
The goal of this standard is to provide an estimate of the real telephone network over which a DSL
modem can be evaluated. Loop models previously defined in the various DSL standards (e.g., ISDN,
HDSL, ADSL) were intended to stress modem performance but were not based on the statistical
distribution of real world loops. In this standard, the loop models are based on data extracted from recent
North American loop surveys. All surveys included loops extended from the central office as well as
loops extended from digital loop carrier remote terminals.
The loop surveys selected were:
1. 1995 BellSouth statistically random survey of 8660 nonloaded loops across a nine-state region.
2. 1997 Bellcore (now Telcordia) survey of 1297 nonloaded loops across the networks of the former
Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCS), conducted under a contract with the National
Telephone Association. The complete survey contains loaded as well as nonloaded loop information.
Only the nonloaded loop aggregate information was analyzed.
3. July 2000 North American survey of 14 million loops (nonloaded and loaded) from an anonymous
source. The data is statistically random except that no data was collected for the Northeastern United
States. For lines that are less than 16 kft, about 5-7% were found to contain at least one load coil.
Figure C1 is a graphical representation of this data for the various regions as well as for an average
of all regions.
4. March 2001 North American survey of 15,061 nonloaded loops provided by the same anonymous
source is used in this standard to determine the likelihood of occurrence (Score %) of each loop bin.
The loop distributions in all four surveys were found to be consistent as shown in Figure C2.
The combined data from all four surveys are used to determine the likelihood of occurrence of the loop
bins. Figure C3 and Table C1 show the 13 loop length bins and their likelihood of occurrence (LOO). The
test loops are arranged in ascending order, by physical length.
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8
West Coast
Southeast
7
Northwest
6
Southwest
Northcentral
5
Average
% Loops
4
3
2
1
48
46
44
42
40
38
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
8
10
6
4
2
0
0
Loop length (kft)
Figure C1 – Loop Distribution by geographic region (14 Million line survey)
45%
Anonymous 17,772 Lines, 2002
40%
Telcordia 1297 Lines, 1997
BellSouth 8,660 Lines, 1995
35%
Weghted Combined (5/6 Telcordia to 1/6 Anonymous)
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
00
17
50
119
5
00
16
50
117
5
00
15
50
116
5
00
14
50
115
5
00
13
50
114
5
00
12
50
113
5
00
11
50
112
5
00
0
10
50
111
5
90
01
-1
05
0
75
01
-9
00
0
60
01
-7
50
0
0
50
-4
45
01
-6
00
0
0%
0
Percentage (LOO)
30%
Cable Length Bins (ft)
Figure C2—Anonymous, Telcordia, BellSouth and Weighted Combined Loop Data
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30%
25%
15%
10%
5%
95
00
11
75
00
17
50
11
65
00
16
50
11
55
00
15
50
11
45
00
14
50
11
35
00
13
50
11
25
00
12
50
11
15
00
11
50
10
50
11
-1
0
50
0
00
90
01
00
-9
0
75
01
-7
5
00
60
01
-6
0
45
01
-4
50
0
0%
0
Percentage (LOO)
20%
Cable Length Bins (ft)
Figure C3 – Combined Loop Data
Table C1—Test Loop Likelihood of Occurrence
Test Loop
Bin
Physical Length (ft)
EWL (ft)
LOO (%)
(Per T1.417)
xDSL 1
0 - 4500 ft
4100
3675
27
xDSL 2
4501 - 6000 ft
5000
4875
12
xDSL 3
6001 - 7500 ft
7000
6075
11
xDSL 4
7501 - 9000 ft
8200
8025
10
xDSL 5
9001 - 10500 ft
9800
9550
10
xDSL 6
10501 - 11500 ft
11000
10750
6
xDSL 7
11501 - 12500 ft
12000
11375
5
xDSL 8
12501 - 13500 ft
13000
12775
5
xDSL 9
13501 - 14500 ft
14000
13750
5
xDSL 10
14501 - 15500 ft
15000
13650
4
xDSL 11
15501 - 16500 ft
16000
15500
2
xDSL 12
16501 - 17500 ft
17000
16350
2
xDSL 13
17501 - 19500 ft
18000
17500
1
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The likelihood of a nonloaded loop having bridged tap(s) is very high. The 1997 Telcordia survey
indicates that 78% of nonloaded loops have bridged taps. This is why most of the loops in the model
contain bridged taps.
The cumulative distribution length of the non-zero bridged tap is also important. Figure C4 contains that
information.
Bridged Tap Length Distribution
100%
Percent Pairs
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
T otal Length Ft.
Figure C4 – Cumulative Bridged Tap Length Distribution
The important issue with this chart is that 70% of all bridged taps less than 1000 feet in length.
Additionally, most loops have multiple bridged taps such that the individual bridged tap is less than 1000
feet It is well known that bridged taps between 250 and 500 feet have negative impact on ADSL
performance. This has been taken into consideration in selecting the xDSL loops.
To generate the set of test loops, one local pair was selected out of each grouping in Figure C1. This is a
total of thirteen (13) pairs. The actual makeup is rounded up or down to make whole numbers. The test
local scores are also rounded from the actual distribution. Test loops are numbered in ascending order
according to test loop length in Table C1. The resultant set of test loops, showing loop makeup and
bridged taps are given in Section A, Figure A1.
C.2 CONNECTION TYPES
Variations in outside plant architectures impact xDSL performance. For example, a customer served by a
Central Office DLSAM will have a greater loop loss than if the customer was served by a Digital Loop
Carrier Remote Terminal (DLC-RT) DSLAM. This is because loop length decreases as the DSLAM is
moved toward the customer, permitting higher data rates.
In some instances, however, the
neighborhood cables may be connected at a crossconnect point to both, RT-based DSLAMS and also to
cables that extend back to central office-based DSLAMS. This configuration potentially places higher
crosstalk noise at the customer end, negatively impacting available data rate. Figures C5, C6 and C7
illustrate connection types that reflect the various outside plant architectures.
C.2.1 Connection Type CT1
Connection type one represents the two basic loop architectures. Figure C5 represents a Central office
based DSLAM with a copper loop extending from the central office to the customer. The non-loaded
copper loop for this architecture is required to meet Revised Resistance Design rules of 1300 ohms
maximum resistance, 18 kft maximum loop length, and any number of bridged-taps with a combined
maximum length of 6 kft. As described in the 1997 Telcordia Loop Survey, some non-loaded loops
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exceed this criteria. The above CSA guidelines consist only of outside plant cable. They do not include
any wiring in the CO nor any drop wiring and any wiring in the customer premises. The entrance facility is
either a drop wire for residential or entrance cable for business. For simplicity, the drop wire for
residential customers is represented as 300 ft of quadded two pair aerial service wire and the entrance
cable for business customers is a 300 ft extension of the outside plant cable. Premises wiring varies with
residential or business use and its architecture is addressed in Annex B.
Figure C6 represents an RT-based DSLAM with a copper loop extending from the remote DSLAM to the
customer. The non-loaded loop for this architecture is usually required to meet Carrier Serving Area
(CSA) guidelines. CSA design rules are noted below:

Loops with 26-gauge cable (used alone or in combination with other gauge cable), the
maximum allowable loop length, including bridged taps, is 9 kft.

If the cable is coarser than 26 gauge, the maximum allowable loop length, including bridged
taps, is 12 kft.

Any single bridged tap is limited to 2 kft maximum length, and the total length of all bridged
taps is limited to 2.5 kft maximum length.

The total cable length including bridged taps of a multi-gauge cable that contains 26-Gauge
wire may not exceed
Where L26 is the total length of 26-gauge wire in the cable (excluding any length of bridged
tap) and LBtap is the total length of bridged tap in the cable. All lengths are in kft.
In a minority of instances, due to extended distances served by the RT, loops exceed CSA rules and are
relaxed to meet revised resistance design rules. The 1997 Telcordia Loop Survey which is used to
provide a statistical basis for the outside plant portion of the loop does not distinguish between loops
served by a central office or by an RT. Consequently, these two architectures are represented by
Connection type 1.
The above CSA guidelines consist only of outside plant cable. They do not include any wiring in the CO
nor any drop wiring and any wiring in the customer premises. The entrance facility is either a drop wire for
residential or entrance cable for business. For simplicity, the drop wire is represented as 300 ft of
quadded two pair aerial service wire and the entrance cable is a 300 ft extension of the outside plant
cable. Premises wiring varies with residential or business use and its architecture is addressed in Annex
B.
C.2.2 Connection Type CT2
Connection type 2, as portrayed in Figure C7, is a hybrid of the two outside plant architectures in
Connection type 1. It denotes an architecture where a customer could be served by either a central
office-based DSLAM or an RT-based DSLAM. The neighborhood distribution cable could be connected
to either feeder architecture. For customer equipment connected to a central office based DSLAM, any
XDSL transmitters in the same serving cable binder that are terminated in the RT generate additional
FEXT that could increase the interference level at the receiver front end. The increased FEXT from
remote DSLAMs necessitates a separate connection type to account for the different crosstalk model.
The proximity of the transmitter of xDSL systems deployed at an intermediate location to the receiver of
DUT system in the same cable binder can have a damaging effect on performance. Assuming that other
factors such as signal overlap between the two systems and transmitted power are constant, the closer
the proximity of the intermediate transmitter is to the DUT, the greater the effect on DUT performance.
Carrier Serving Area (CSA) design rules specify a maximum loop length of 9 kft of 26 awg or
combination of 26 and other gauges. Customers are typically concentrated around the RT with a
relatively few located near the maximum allowable distance from the RT. RTs that serve only
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one serving area interface usually have maximum length loops that are within 4000 feet of the
RT. RTs that serve multiple serving area interfaces will have longer loops based on the length of
the distribution feeder between the RT and the serving area interface. Based on this observation,
intermediate xDSL locations based on typical loop architectures were selected. Intermediate loop
location is defined as the distance from the location of the intermediate TU to the location of the
premises located DUT.
Table C2—Intermediate TU to CPE Loop Length
Severity Level
A
B
C
D
Length from DUT to Intermediate TU
1000 ft
2500 ft
4000 ft
6000 ft
While the outside plant loop model meets the criteria for a resistance designed loop, They do not include
any wiring in the CO nor any drop wiring and any wiring in the customer premises. The entrance facility is
either a drop wire for residential or entrance cable for business. For simplicity, the drop wire is
represented as 300 ft of quad two pair aerial service wire and the entrance cable is a 300 ft extension of
the outside plant cable. The central office cable is 24 AWG. The aerial service wire is typically self
supporting, using a combination of copper and steel for its conductors. It has about the same
characteristics as 22 AWG of copper wire. For simulation test equipment, the 300 feet of 22 AWG wiire
can be substituted with an approximate 24 AWG equivalent of 250 feet. Premises wiring varies with
residential or business use and its architecture is addressed in Annex B.
Figure C5—Connection Type 1 – CO-based DSLAM
Figure C6—Connection Type 1 – Remote Terminal
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Figure C7—Connection Type 2 – Both RT & CO Feed FDI (See Note)
Note: CO-based DSLAM is DUT; RT-based DSLAM is a source of interference located at an intermediate point in
the loop. Committee T1E1 is currently drafting a standard for Connection type 2 that is expected to reduce the
impact of RT based systems on Co based systems. This will be taken into account in future revisions as the network
evolves.
C.3
IMPAIRMENT RANGES
C.3.1 Background Noise
The analysis of transmission performance over the twisted-pair telephone subscriber loop has been
based on the assumption of a received signal over Gaussian noise. The probability density of the
background noise is very close, but not a Gaussian distribution. Based on results from a Telcordia noise
survey, the background noise level for twisted-pair telephone loop plant has been assumed to be –140
dBm/Hz. Background noise characteristics are defined in ITU recommendation G.995.1.
C.3.2 Ringing Impulse Noise
Ringing impulse noise is present on subscriber loops when the loop under test or adjacent loops are
transmitting ring signal. Spectrum of ringing Impulse noise shows spectral components that can reach 58.6 dBm in the frequency range [25 kHz, 140 kHz]. See Annex F, Section F.9.
C.3.3 Hook Switch Coupling
During service initiation, the customer closes the loop and a transient migration occurs within the cable
pair. Spectrum of noise due to hook switch coupling shows spectral components that can reach -80 dBm.
See Annex F, Section F.10.
C.3.4 Dial Pulse Coupling
Random, reoccurring cross talk effect of dial pulse is impairing the subscriber loops. Spectrum of noise
due to dial pulse coupling shows spectral components that can reach -74 dBm. See Annex F, Section
F.11.
C.3.5 Longitudinal Power Line Induction
Longitudinal noise is impairing the subscriber loop in common mode with a triangular waveform. The level
of longitudinal noise, which appears at the customer side end of the line, goes from 0 to 50 Vrms.
C.3.6 Power Related Metallic Noise
Power related metallic noise is caused by power line induction. It impairs the subscriber loop in differential
mode. The reference power line frequency is either 50 or 60 Hz. Power related metallic noise can be
represented with a pair of low level sine waves having frequencies from the fundamental up to the 6 th odd
harmonic. For reference frequency equal to 60 Hz, levels are as shown:
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Table C3 – Power Related Metallic Noise
Frequency (Hz)
Tone level (dBm)
60
180
300
420
540
660
-47
-49
-59
-65
-70
-74
C.3.7 Crosstalk (for coupling equations, see Section F.1 of Annex F)
For every section, there are many twisted pairs of wires sharing the same electrical sheath and plastic
covering. Cross talk exists between adjacent twisted pairs due to capacitive coupling. Both near end
cross talk (NEXT) noise and far end cross talk (FEXT) noise exist. For xDSL systems, in which the signal
bandwidth is well beyond the voice frequency, the crosstalk could become a limiting factor to the
achievable transmission throughput. In wire installations, NEXT is the most important because at the near
end, the signal source is at its highest level, while the received signal is lowest, having been attenuated
by the loss of the wire.
Equations for calculating both NEXT and FEXT in a mixed crosstalk environment are given in Annex F;
Section F.1.
C.3.7.1
NEXT Coupling Configurations
NEXT is defined as the cross talk effect between a receiving path and a transmitting path of xDSL
transceivers at the same end of two different subscriber loops within the same twisted-pair cable. The
NEXT noise at the receiver front end of a particular xDSL transceiver is caused by signals transmitted by
other transceivers at the same end of the twisted cable.
The severity of cross talk is also related to the total number of disturbers in the same twisted pair cable.
C.3.7.2
FEXT Coupling Configurations
FEXT is defined as the cross talk effect between a receiving path and a transmitting path of xDSL
transceivers at opposite ends of two different subscriber loops within the same twisted-pair cable. The
FEXT noise at the receiver front end of a particular xDSL transceiver is caused by signals transmitted by
other transceivers at the opposite end of the twisted-pair cable.
IC tables contain most of the cross talk disturbers to be considered now and in the near future. Crosstalk
generated by T1(QRSS), T1 (Idle) and dataphone digital service (DDS) (2047) is from pairs in an
adjacent binder group. For this reason, 10 dB attenuation is added to T1 crosstalk signals in ICs tables.
C.3.7.3
PEXT Coupling
See Section 5.2.3.2.
C.3.8 Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)
Radio frequency interference that is commonly observed is defined in Annex F.
C.4 CONNECTION TYPE AND IMPAIRMENT COMBINATION SCORES
C.4.1 Connection Type Scores
Rationale for connection type scores is based on service deployment projections for the year 2002 and is
preliminary. These data should be revised based on the reality of deployment as it occurs over the next
few years.
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For the purpose of this model, it is assumed that the mix of connection types will be the same for
residential and business environments.
The current estimate of connection type scores for residential customers is given in Table C4.
Table C4—Connection Type Scores
Connection Type
Score (%)
CT1
90
CT2
10
Total
100
C.4.2 Crosstalk IC Scores
Rationale for Crosstalk IC scores is based on estimates of severity of impairments in the loop plant,
including the distribution of crosstalk disturbers. First, the desired points on the cumulative distribution
curve of IC severity was determined to be 50%, 80%, 95% and 99+%. Values and ranges for each
modeled impairment and crosstalk disturber were then estimated based on the selected severity
likelihood ranges.
The impairment combination severity scores, then, have the profile shown in Table C5.
Table C5—Impairment Severity Scores
C.5
Impairment Severity
Score (%)
A
5
B
15
C
30
D
50
Total
100
CROSSTALK DISTURBER DEPLOYMENT
This crosstalk model is predicated on the projected deployment of services in the year 2002 time frame.
The following assumptions were made for the purposes of this model.
1. As there is always some discomfort when selecting a single-source industry forecast to develop a
model, several currently available forecasts were reviewed and melded to obtain the various severity
levels of the crosstalk model. While this selection method cannot be described as a more accurate
method, it removes some of the uncertainty that comes from selecting a single source.
2. For ADSL (both G.992.1 and G.992.2), the evaluator should always use full bandwidth for crosstalk
noise injection. ADSL is rate adaptive to the highest achievable rate for the loop and conditions of the
test. Longer loops that do not support full rate ADSL will also sufficiently degrade the upper part of the
bandwidth so that it will not excessively degrade test results for other services. Rationale of this is
that there are no loop deployment restrictions for ADSL in the draft spectrum management standard.
3. For other services (SDSL, G.991.2, etc), the evaluator should always use the highest rate permitted
on the test loop by the draft Spectrum Management Standard. Rationale of this are the facts that, 1)
deployment restrictions limit allowable data rates as loop lengths increase, 2) it must be expected that
the highest permitted rate will be used, 3) this represents the most damaging crosstalk.
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4. For the residential environment, the mix of asymmetrical and symmetrical services is assumed to be
approximately 70% asymmetrical (because of factors such as the service capability of ADSL for
residential internet access, line sharing with POTS, etc.) and 30% symmetrical (because of factors
such as the use of UDCs for provisioning additional POTS lines, the need for higher upstream rates
by home offices, and the continued use of legacy ISDN.).
5. For the business environment, deployment of DDS is expected to be insignificant by 2002
6. Since CAP RADSL and DMT ADSL have similar spectral characteristics, ADSL crosstalk is used in
this standard to represent combined effects of both technologies.
7. Assumes 25-pair binders.
8. Assumes 20% of pairs are vacant due to 1) reserved for growth
defective.
2) churn/disconnect, and 3)
C.5.1 Residential Crosstalk Model
The residential crosstalk model is based on projected deployment of DSL services for the year 2002. It is
believed that only four services will have a significant effect on residential crosstalk. These are listed in
Table C6. It is assumed that deployment of SDSL to residences will not be significant. The model
assumptions A1 through A9 in C.5 above are relevant in the residential crosstalk model.
Table C6—Cumulative Distribution For # Of Disturbers Of Each Type (Residential/Multiunit)
Type of Disturber
%
Coverage
ADSL
G.991.2
ISDN/IDSL
T1 (adjacent)
50%
2
0
0
2
80%
4
1
1
4
95%
6
1
2
6
99%
10
2
2
8
The assumption is made that about 70% of residential services are asymmetrical due to factors such as
the low cost service capability of ADSL for residential internet access, line sharing with POTS, etc. Home
offices needing symmetrical service and the continued use of legacy ISDN will account for the other 30%.
The prevalence of T1 in adjacent binder groups is primarily due to continued use of legacy repeatered T1
lines for digital loop carrier.
C.5.2 Business Crosstalk Model
The business crosstalk model is also based on projected service deployment in the year 2002. Here, it is
projected that a total of eight different DSL services will be significant contributors to crosstalk. These are
listed in Table C7. The model assumptions A1 through A9 in C.5 above are relevant in the business
crosstalk model
Table C7—Cumulative Distribution For # Of Disturbers Of Each Type (Business)
%
Coverage
Type of Disturber
T1
(adjacent)
ADSL
HDSL
HDSL2
SDSL
(2B1Q)
G.991.2
ISDN/IDSL
DDS
50%
2
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
80%
5
1
2
1
1
1
1
0
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95%
8
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
99%
14
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
The assumption is made that about 70% of business services are symmetrical due to the higher upstream
needs of business over the needs of residential access. The prevalence of T1 in adjacent binder groups
is primarily due to continued use of legacy repeatered T1 lines for digital loop carrier as well as business
demand for DS-1 services.
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C.6 COMPOSITE CEXT
The diagram below is an idealized model for the wiring distribution in a Central Office. It is
provided to clarify the various sources of crosstalk within a Central Office.
CPE
DUT
DSLAM
DUT
Other
DSLAM s
300 ft
Composite
CEXT
(“y factor”)
100 ft
CEXT
Other
CPE
NEXT
Central Office
Figure C8—Abstract CO Wiring Model
The crosstalk generated by composite CEXT in the central office is not treated as a separate
impairment in the Impairment Combination tables in section 5.4 but is rather considered part of
the NEXT impairments for the following reasons (please refer to section 5.2.1, Figure 5):

The variety of disturber power spectral density (PSD) masks in the Composite CEXT
interfering bundle is very similar to the variety of PSD masks in the NEXT interfering bundle.

If NEXT is considered separately, its value must be reduced by the fact that the NEXT
coupling only begins outside the CO and thus the coupling signals are attenuated from
having traveled 400 ft from the DSLAM’s.

The value of the Composite CEXT signal is related to the length of the Composite CEXT
coupling, which is modeled as 400 ft, and is reduced by the fact that it begins 100 ft away
from the CO. Therefore, it is likely that the value of the Composite CEXT is approximately
equal to the value of the reduction in NEXT caused by the 400 ft span before NEXT coupling
begins.
Based on the above statements, the crosstalk generated by composite CEXT is sufficiently
accounted for in the Impairment Combination tables by the fact that the value of NEXT is not
reduced according to its 400 ft distance from the DSLAM.
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Annex D (Informative): Using the Network Access Transmission Model For Evaluating DSL Modem
Performance
D.1
INTRODUCTION
This Annex describes a sample metric suitable for application-level network transport
measurement for data streams such as IP over the DSL model. Although this sample is based on
data throughput metrics, other characteristics can be measured with this approach, too. For
example delay metrics, packet loss rate, reordering / out-of sequence, and successive delay
variation are all additional tests which will be built around this model and baseline set of
measurements. A nearly constant bit-rate data stream may be simulated by transmitting
uniformly sized packets at regular intervals through the network to be evaluated. The "mostly
uniformly sized packets" may be found in applications that may use smaller packets during a
portion of the stream (e.g. digitally coded voice during silence periods).
D.2
CONSIDERATIONS
In the following, a methodology and metric are presented for measuring data stream transport in
an IP domain. The measurement results may be used in derivative metrics such as average and
maximum throughput. A metric is presented that is a standard way for performing a
measurement irrespective of the DSL carrier mechanism.
D.2.1 Protocol level issues
The version of the Internet Protocol used in the measurement affects (at least) packet sizes, and
should be reported.
The major focus of the present draft is on transport quality evaluation from application point of
view. However, to properly account for quality effects of transmission model impairments it is
necessary to measure quality at IP level [5]. Link layer monitoring provides a way of accounting
for link layer characteristics such as bit error rates.
D.2.2 Measurement types
Throughput measurements can be one-way (DSLAM-to-CPE modem or CPE modem-to-DSLAM)
or two-way (DSLAM-to-CPE modem and CPE modem-to-DSLAM). For the purpose of this
sample, one-way (DSLAM-to-CPE modem) testing is explored.
D.3
DISCUSSION
The sample metric is intended to probe the throughput and the throughput variation as
experienced by an application when the system is subjected to various transmission system
impairment conditions. Subsequently, the throughput is measured at the transport layer level
using a controlled range of packet sizes and nominal interval between packets.
D.4
TEST SUMMARY
The 100% network model for both business and residential totals 2576 tests, listed below. “SS”
stands for Steady-State Impairment. Tests are grouped for specific application types. Tests can
be selected as appropriate for user needs.
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TIA-876
Table D1 – Test Count for Truncated Network Models
% Network Model
Residential
Business
Total
100
92 ICs  4 SS  4 PW = 1472
92 ICs  4 SS  3 PW = 1104
2576
95
47 ICs  4 SS  4 PW = 752
47 ICs  4 SS  3 PW = 564
1316
90
35 ICs  4 SS  4 PW = 560
35 ICs  4 SS  3 PW = 420
980
62
17 ICs  4 SS  4 PW = 272
17 ICs  4 SS  3 PW = 204
476
IC = Impairment Combination: crosstalk model  loop model. Residential Tables 1-13, Multi-unit /
Business Tables 14-26, Cross-product Tables 29-32.
SS = Steady-state impairments, severities 0-3 in Table 27, Tables F1-F3.
PW = Premises Wiring: Residential PW1-PW4, Multi-unit / Business PW3-PW4
D.5
TEST STATION
D.5.1 Equipment & Software
The equipment required to perform this level of testing includes a network model simulator
capable of emulating the network as described in this standard. In addition, data generation and
monitoring device(s) capable of interfacing to the data transport equipment under test and
emulating IP operation, is required as well.
D.5.2 System Under Test
The system under test consists of a DSLAM (DTU-C) and customer premises equipment (CPE)
modems (DTU-R). Either of these items, taken separately, can be the specific device under test
(DUT).
D.5.3 Example Test Procedure
Exchange data in accordance with IP standards, with the data source connected at the DSLAM
and the data sink at the CPE modem. Data throughput rates are to be measured and reported
along with the training time and connect speed for each connection.
D.6
SUGGESTED RESULT GRAPHS
For the purpose of this annex, sample data was generated exclusive of actual measurements.
The data plotted in these examples has been generated to provide relative performance
indications and does not represent actual performance test measurements.
D.6.1 Recording Throughput Results
The data for each Network Loop and Premises Wiring category throughput measurement is
entered in the corresponding cell. The table below will be replicated for each NMC test
performed on each premises wiring models and at each specified impairment severity level (0,1,
2, 3).
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
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TIA-876
THROUGHPUT vs NETWORK MODEL COVERAGE
Premise Wiring Model: {P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6}
P1
Severity Level: {I, II, III}
DSLAM Under Test:
TIA Sample DSLAM
Premise Unit Under Test:
TIA Sample DUT-CPE
Notes:
III
Special test condition notes (optional)
Test Loop
CT1 A
CT1 B
CT1 C
CT1 D
CT2 A
CT2 B
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Figure D1 – Sample Data Recording Form
77
CT2 C
CT2 D
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D.6.2 Example Characteristic Curves
A sample 62% NMC Curve is given in Figure D2. NMC Curves are created by the following procedure:
1. Run each test channel (that has an associated score), in the NMC Table along with Specified Steady-State
Impairment Severity 0 (null case) and one of the Premises Wiring Models. Note: The number of tests can
be reduced by using a lower percentage NMC Table.
2. Measure desired parameter(s) (e.g., connect rate, throughput, connect time, etc.).
3. Repeat each test channel with Specified Steady-State Impairment Severities 1 through 3. Tests may also
be repeated with different Premises Wiring Models and/or Specified Transient Impairments.
4. Sort measured parameter(s) along with associated NMC Scores in a descending order using a spreadsheet
or similar mechanism.
5. Plot the measured parameter(s) on the Y axis and the associated NMC Score on the X axis.
6. The resulting curve shows the performance (in terms of the measured parameter) as a percentage of the
Network Model.
Throughput vs Network Model Coverage Percentage for 62% Residential Model with Premises
Wiring Model – P1
8000
7000
Connect Rate (k/b/s)
6000
5000
Severity 3
Severity 2
Severity 1
Severity 0
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
% of Network
Figure D2 – Sample Throughput vs. Network Model Coverage Curve
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
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TIA-876
Annex E (Normative): Model For Dual Communications Evaluation
The test set-up for evaluating dual communications through both broadband and voiceband
channels over a common subscriber loop is shown in Figure E1. Broadband signals are
exchanged through the loop and drop simulator between a DSLAM and the xDSL transceivers.
Concurrent voiceband signals (low speed data communication, fax, etc.) are exchanged between
voiceband devices, through the loop simulator, telephone network simulator, and the loop
simulator and premises models. Voiceband devices are modem, fax, speakerphone, caller ID,
answering machine and several telephone handsets. On the left side of the figure, voiceband
devices are connected to the loop simulator that provides test loops usually used for voiceband
communications. This voiceband subscriber loop simulator is connected to the telephone network
simulator (TNS) that simulates transport systems and COs that are install in North America. A
voice channel splitter interconnects DSLAM, TNS and the loop simulator for passing broadband
and voiceband signals through the two-wire loop.
A broadband terminal emulator exchanges data with xDSL transceivers for measuring throughput
performance. During broadband communications between xDSL transceivers, any kind of
voiceband communications is performed between voiceband devices to generate real
interference.
Figure E2 shows the dual test set-up for performing either xDSL systems evaluation or analog-toanalog modem evaluation. In case of xDSL system evaluation, analog-to-analog modem
communications are established to simulate real interferences from voiceband communications to
xDSL communications. In case of analog-to-analog system evaluation, xDSL communications are
established to simulate real interferences from xDSL communications to analog-to-analog modem
communications. In this setup, the test equipment configuration performs the telephone network
simulation according to specifications TIA/EIA-3700 that were defined for analog modem
performance evaluation. Transmission impairments are generated by the TNS to simulate
transmission channel characteristics that are defined by TIA/EIA-3700.
Figure E3 shows the dual test set-up for performing either xDSL systems evaluation or analog-todigital modem evaluation. In case of xDSL system evaluation, analog-to-digital modem
communications are established to simulate real interferences from voiceband communications to
xDSL communications. In case of analog-to-digital system evaluation, xDSL communications are
established to simulate real interferences from xDSL communications to analog-to-digital modem
communications. In this setup, the test equipment configuration performs the telephone network
simulation according to TIA/EIA-793 specification for analog client and digitally connected server
modem performance evaluation.
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TIA-876
Telephone/CID/CID Type 2
Answering
Fax
machine
xDSL
TALK / DATA
TALK
RS CS TR RD TD CD
Premises
Model
Modem
Analog
Loop
Simulator
Broadband
Terminal
Emulator
CO
Model
Central Office B
Transport
System
Simulator
Telephone Network
Simulator
Central Office A
DSLAM
Loop
Simulator
Modem
Digital V.90
Modem
Analog
Answering
machine
Telephone
Fax
Figure E1—General Dual Evaluation Test Set-up
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
80
TIA-876
Telephone/CID/CID Type 2
Answering
Fax
machine
xDSL
TALK / DATA
TALK
RS CS TR RD TD CD
Premises
Model
Modem
Analog
Loop
Simulator
CO
Model
Voiceband
Terminal
Emulator
Broadband
Terminal
Emulator
Central Office B
Transport
System
Simulator
Telephone Network
Simulator
Central Office A
DSLAM
Loop
Simulator
Modem
Analog
Figure E2—Dual Evaluation of Test Set-up Specific to Analog-to-analog Modems
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TIA-876
Telephone/CID/CID Type 2
Answering
Fax
machine
xDSL
TALK / DATA
TALK
RS CS TR RD TD CD
Premises
Model
Modem
Analog V.90
Loop
Simulator
CO
Model
Voiceband
Terminal
Emulator
Broadband
Terminal
Emulator
Central Office B
Transport
System
Simulator
Telephone Network
Simulator
Central Office A
DSLAM
Modem
Digital V.90
Figure E3—Dual Evaluation of Test Set-up Specific to Analog-to-Digital Modems
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
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TIA-876
Annex F (Normative): Characterization Of Impairments
This section specifies how impairments shall be characterized for performance testing of DSL
modems. Where necessary, subsections under each impairment address regional differences.
F.1
CROSSTALK
This section presents the rationale that corresponds to the determination of crosstalk signals for
evaluating xDSL communications systems.
F.1.1 Cable crosstalk models
F.1.1.1
Near End Crosstalk (NEXT)
Crosstalk noise that occurs when a receiver on a disturbed pair is located at the same end of the
cable as the transmitter of a disturbing pair is called Near-End-Crosstalk (NEXT).
F.1.1.2
Central Office Crosstalk (CEXT)
F.1.1.2.1
Simplified Long Loop CEXT model
The simplified NEXT model has loss values of 57 dB, 61.1 dB, and 67.1 dB for 49 disturbers, 10
disturbers, and 1 disturber, respectively, at a frequency of 80 kHz and a linear (log-log) slope of
-15 dB per decade. The simplified NEXT model is expressed by
NEXT f , n  S ( f )  X N  n0.6  f 3 / 2
X  8.536  1015
f  frequency in Hz, and S ( f ) is the
N
where
, n  number of disturbers,
power spectrum of the interfering system.
F.1.1.1.2
Simplified Short Loop NEXT model
For NEXT coupling lengths L less than a few kft, the recommended NEXT loss model is
NEXT(f, L) = XN*f 1.5 (1-H(f, L) 4) where H(f,L) is the transfer function of the loop of length L at
frequency f, f is the frequency in Hz, L is the NEXT coupling length, XN = 8.818x10
and n is the number of disturbers.
–14x(n/49) 0.6
In the Impairment Combination tables, the CEXT section refers to crosstalk generated by
coupling created by 100 feet of 24 AWG in the bundle between the DSLAM and the Distribution
Frame. The equations in this section will thus be used to calculate CEXT crosstalk.
F.1.1.3
Far end crosstalk, FEXT
Crosstalk noise that occurs when a receiver on a disturbed pair is located at the other end of the
cable as the transmitter of the disturbing pair is called Far-End-Crosstalk (FEXT). The FEXT
model is expressed by
2
FEXT[f , n, l ]  S(f )  H(f )  X F  n 0.6  l  f 2
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where
H (f )
is the magnitude of the insertion gain transfer function affecting the disturber signal,
X F  7.74  1021 , n  number of disturbers, l  the coupling path length in feet, f 
frequency in Hz, and S(f ) is the power spectrum of the interfering system.
The FEXT model assumes the insertion gain transfer function is computed for the total cable path
located between the interfering transmitter and the victim receiver. On the other hand, the
coupling loss is computed only over the coupling path length l . The coupling path length is the
length of cable over which the victim receiver and far-end disturbing transmitter have a common
cable path.
F.1.1.4
FSAN method for combining crosstalk contributions from unlike
types of disturbers
Instead of directly adding the crosstalk power terms, each term is first arbitrarily raised to the
power 1/0.6 before carrying out the summation. Then, after the summation, the resultant
expression is raised to the power 0.6. This can be expressed as:

Xtalk  f , n 



 n i  
i 1 
N
N

  Xtalk f , n i 1/ 0.6 


 i 1

0.6
,
where Xtalk is either NEXT or FEXT, n is the total number of crosstalk disturbers, N is the
nj
number of types of unlike disturbers and
is the number of each type of disturber. Example
uses of this equation are given in the following subsections.
F.1.1.4.1
Example application of two NEXT terms
n1 disturber
Take the case of two sources of NEXT at a given receiver. In this case there are
S (f ) and n2 disturber systems of spectrum S 2 (f ) .
systems of spectrum 1
The combined NEXT is expressed as:


3
0.6
NEXT f , n    S1(f ) X N f 2 n1

F.1.1.4.2

1
0.6

 S (f ) X
2
N
f
3
2
n2
0.6

1
0.6



0.6
Example application of three FEXT terms
n
Take the case of three sources of FEXT at a given receiver. In this case there are 1 disturber
S (f ) at range l 1 , a further n 2 disturber systems of spectrum S 2 (f ) at
systems of spectrum 1
range l 2 and yet another n 3 disturber systems of spectrum S3 (f ) at range l 3 .
The expected crosstalk is built in exactly the same way as before, taking the base model for each
source, raising it to power 1/0.6, adding these expressions, and raising the sum to power 0.6:
1
1


  S1 (f )] H 1 (f ) 2 X F f 2 l 1 n10.6  0.6   S 2 (f ) H 2 (f ) 2 X F f 2 l 2 n 2 0.6  0.6






FEXT [f , n, l ]  

1
2
0 .6 
0 .6

  S 3 (f ) H 3 (f ) X F f 2 l 3 n 3 





Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
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84
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TIA-876
F.1.2 Evaluating Crosstalk at the DUT’s in Connection Type 2
F.1.2.1 Definitions
Loop L: Loop under test connecting the two DUT’s and consisting of Loop L1 + Loop L2 as defined below.
Loop L1: The part of Loop L before the intermediate crosstalk injection point.
Loop L2: The part of Loop L after the intermediate crosstalk injection point.
HNXLn(f): Near-end crosstalk transfer function of Loop Ln.
HFXLn(f): Far-end crosstalk transfer function of Loop Ln.
SCO(f): Single interfering signal at the CO injection point
SINT(f): Single interfering signal at the intermediate injection point
SCPE(f): Single interfering signal at the CPE injection point
SXCo(f): Total crosstalk seen by the CO DUT from single disturbers at the injection points
SXCPE(f): Total crosstalk seen by the CPE DUT from single disturbers at the injection points
HLn(f): transfer function of Loop Ln
ln: length of Loop Ln
n CO,K : number of crosstalk disturbers of type K at the CO injection point (from tables 1-26)
n CPE,K : number of crosstalk disturbers of type K at the CPE injection point (from tables 1-26)
n IN,K : number of crosstalk disturbers of type K at the INT injection point (from tables 1-26)
PSDCO,K: PSD mask of crosstalk disturber type K at the CO injection point
PSDCPE,K: PSD mask of crosstalk disturber type K at the CPE injection point
PSDINT,K: PSD mask of crosstalk disturber type K at the INT injection point
PSDX CO(f): Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the total crosstalk seen by the CO DUT
PSDX CPE(f): Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the total crosstalk seen by the CPE DUT
Nco: number of unlike disturbers at the CO injection point
Ncpe: number of unlike disturbers at the CPE injection point
Nint: number of unlike disturbers at the INT injection point
F.1.2.2 Simplified Connection Type 2 Diagram
The block diagram describing the basic configuration of a “Connection Type 2” loop is copied
below:
Figure F1—Connection Type 2 – Both RT & CO Feed FDI
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TIA-876
The above diagram can be simplified to show the essential physical relationships between the
devices under test and single disturber sources at each of the injection points. Using the symbols
defined earlier, the simplified diagram is shown below:
Loop L
Loop L1
Loop L2
S INT(f)
S CPE(f)
S CO(f)
CPE DUT
DSLAM
DUT
Figure F2—Connection Type 2 Simplified Diagram
F.1.2.3 Crosstalk Model for Simplified Connection Type 2 Diagram
The simplified diagram in Figure F3 allows us to model the crosstalk effects of single disturber
sources on the DUT’s in a type 2 connection as shown in the diagram below:
Figure F3—Simplified Crosstalk Model-CT2
From this diagram, we can derive expressions for the crosstalk seen at the DUT’s from single
disturber sources as follows:
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
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SXCo(f) = Sco(f)*HNXL(f)+ SCPE (f)*HFXL (f)
SXCPE(f) = SCPE (f)*HNXL(f)+ SCO (f)*HFXL (f) + SINT(f)* HFXL2 (f)
F.1.2.4 Extending the Model to Multiple Disturbers and Loop Segments
The expressions in section F.1.1 can be used to model the crosstalk transfer functions (using the
loop transmission transfer functions) and to extend the above model to accommodate multiple
disturbers of unlike types. Using the symbols defined earlier and applying the F.1.1 equations to
the F.1.2.3 equations, the resulting expressions for the total crosstalk seen at each DUT are
given below:
Expressions for Total Crosstalk at the CO1:
PSDXCO(f) = [ (K=1-Nco) (PSDCO,K(f)*XN *nCO,K 0.6 *f 3/2 ) 1/0.6 ] 0.6 +
[ (K=1-Ncpe) (PSDCPE,K(f)*HL(f)2*XF*nCPE,K0.6 *lL*f 2) 1/0.6 ]0.6
Expressions for Total Crosstalk at the CPE1:
PSDXCPE(f) = [(K=1-Ncpe) (PSDCPE,K(f)*XN *nCPE,K 0.6 *f 3/2 ) 1/0.6 ] 0.6 +
[(K=1-Nco) (PSDCO,K(f)*HL(f)2*XF*nCO,K0.6 *lL*f 2) 1/0.6 ]0.6 +
[(K=1-Nint) (PSDINT,K(f)*HL2(f)2*XF*nINT,K0.6 *lL2*f 2) 1/0.6 ]0.6
Expressions for the transmission loop transfer functions can be derived from expressions in
section A.2.1.2 of T1.417 Spectrum Management for Loop Transmission Systems, Issue 2.
1
The actual crosstalk values specified in the Impairment Combination tables do not include the FEXT
component in these equations because it has been assumed that the NEXT component that traverses the
loop to the other end will result in a crosstalk component that is a sufficient approximation of FEXT.
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TIA-876
Figure F4 below shows where the calculated values of PSDXCO and PSDXCPE are injected in the test setup diagram.
PSDXCO(f)
(CO Composite
Interferer*)
PSDXCPE(f)
(CPE Composite
Interferer*)
Premises
Wiring +
Drop
Loop Simulator
DUT
DUT
*Crosstalk simulation is a composite of different
interferers from different injection points, and includes
the effect of loops and bridged taps.
Figure F4—Simulator Setup Block Diagram
F.1.4 Power Spectral Density (PSD) Masks for Crosstalk Interferers
Power spectral density (PSD) equations for crosstalk disturbers can be found in the following
references.
Table F1—xDSL Disturbers
Disturber Type
PSD Reference
DSL (ISDN BRI)
ANSI T1.601-1999
HDSL
ATIS TR-28; G.991.1
T1 (AMI)
ANSI T1.403-1999
DDS
ANSI T1.410-2001
ADSL (G.992.1)
T1.413-1998
SDSL 2B1Q
ANSI T1.417-2002
HDSL2
ANSI T1.418-1999
G.991.2 (SHDSL)
ITU Recommendation G.991.2
RADSL
ATIS TR-59
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
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TIA-876
F.1.4 Modeling Dataphone Digital Services (DDS) Crosstalk Interference
F.1.4.1
Introduction
The 56 kbps DDS service has been identified as a ‘basis service’ in T1E1.4 and is a well established and
growing service in North America. Thus, it is very important that the effects of DDS service on other
services are properly assessed.
Specifications for DDS can be found in ANSI T1.410-1992 and AT&T Technical Reference TR54075.
DDS does not include scrambling of user data. Due to the lack of a scrambler, the DDS transmit power
spectral density (PSD) (and, hence, NEXT caused by it) varies greatly as user data content changes.
A theoretical definition and discussion of the DDS PSD representing variations due to data patterns and
ONEs/ZEROs bias is available in the IEEE Telecommunications Handbook Series, “Subscriber Loop
Signaling and Transmission,” IEEE Press, Whitham D. Reeve, Editor, 1995.
Section F.1.3.4 shows measured DDS transmits spectral plots for six practical user data sequences, each
in frequency ranges: 10 – 160 kHz and 20 to 1000 kHz. Comparisons of these plots and the above
reference show very close agreement.
F.1.4.2
Interpreting the Data
The figures in Section F.1.4.4 show actual DDS transmit PSD measurements made during transmission
of practical user data. Dramatic differences in these PSDs are due to the lack of a scrambler. Thus, the
transmit PSD is a direct function of the user data pattern at any moment. DDS services host many, many
types of user data protocols; thus, the patterns selected in Section F.1.4.4 are certainly not exhaustive of
all practical patterns.
As an example, observe Figures F5a and F5b. This is the frequency representation of the DDS transmit
signal when sending a pseudo random pattern. When user data changes to ONEs, Figures G2a and G2b
are representative of the transmit signal. If the user data changes to high level data link control (HDLC)
flags, Figures F8a and F8b show the effect.
Consider the transmit power near 150 kHz. As the data changes, the PSD changes from –55 dBm/Hz to
–92 dBm/Hz to –75 dBm/Hz—then back to –55 dBm/Hz when random data occurs. This change is a
variation of 37 dB.
Figures F11a and F11b show examples of how PSD peaks vary as the data patterns change.
In an actual data communication system, changes in user data are constantly changing and are not
predictable. The time duration of each PSD is caused solely by user data content, and thus the time
duration of each PSD may vary from less than a millisecond to many hours. Changes from one PSD to
any other may thus occur at any moment.
The following observations can be made regarding DDS transmit and PSD measurements:

The PSD shown in Figures F5a and F5b is generated by pseudo random data with no
ONEs/ZEROs bias. Note that this random data DDS PSD meets the T1.601 mask in the 10 –
160 kHz band but exceeds it in the 200 – 500 kHz band.

The PSDs for all other data patterns bear no general resemblance to that for random data in
any frequency band.

The PSDs for other data patterns have exceptionally large and narrow PSD peaks and
valleys.

A PSD peak in the 10 – 160 kHz band can exceed the T1.601 ISDN mask by 15 dB (see
Figure F11a).

A PSD peak in the 20 – 1000 kHz band can exceed the T1.601 ISDN by at least 15 dB (see
Figure F12).

A PSD peak in the 10 – 160 kHz band can change abruptly with time as much as 35 dB as
user data varies (see Figure F11a).
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TIA-876
 A PSD peak in the 20 – 1000 kHz band can change abruptly with time more than 40 dB (see
Figures F12 and F13).

The time duration of each PSD is obviously caused solely by the time changes of user data
content, and thus the time duration of each PSD may vary from less than a millisecond to
many hours. Changes from one PSD to any other may occur at any moment. Examples
include bursts of “random” user data followed by idle periods consisting of HDLC flags.
F.1.4.3
A Single Transmit PSD Model
Section F.1.4.4 show that an attempt to use the random data PSD is optimistic by at least 15 dB
in both the 10 – 160 kHz band and the 20 – 1000 kHz band with regard to data dependent PSD
peaks. That is, the use of the random data mask should be unacceptable as it does not address
real world impairments.
It might be suggested to bound all DDS transmit PSDs with a single mask the shape of the
T1.601 mask increased about 15 dB. Or it may be suggested to use the random data PSD
result—but increased 15 dB. While this would certainly encompass the PSD peaks, this method
is unduly pessimistic to some technologies.
For one example, a technology that relies on the need definition (SNR) in all small frequency
segments, say 4 kHz wide, across its band will indeed appear to need to set its margin in each
such segment to allow for the potential 15 dB SNR degradation above the random data PSD
caused by data patterns. Thus, the above single model has merit for this technology.
However, for another technology that relies only on the SNR in a much wider band, say 25-100
kHz, the average SNR across that wider band is impacted little—if at all—by a narrow PSD peak.
These two examples indicate that the sensitivity of different technologies to narrow PSD peaks
varies considerably.
Thus, any single PSD model is not valid.
F.1.4.4
56 kbps DDS Transmit PSD Measurements
Figures F51-F12 represent actual transmit PSD measurements made during transmission of
specific user data sequences. The dramatic differences are due to the lack of a scrambler in this
technology. Thus, transmit PSD is a direct function of the user data pattern at any moment. The
data here represent practical data occurring during a data communications session but are, of
course, not exhaustive: that is, many other PSD variations will be encountered in practice. The
time duration of each PSD is caused solely by user data, and thus the time duration of each PSD
may vary from less than a millisecond to many hours. Changes from one PSD to any other may
occur at any time. (The amplitude scale is the same in all figures.)
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
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The following figures show 10 to 160 kHz by 15
kHz.
The following figures show 20 to 1020 kHz by 100
kHz.
T1.601 ISDN PSD mask shown for reference.
<<< -35 dBm/Hz
T1.601 ISDN PSD mask shown for reference.
<<< -35 dBm/Hz
Curve is within  1 dB of
T1.410 theory with
random data assumption.
Curve is within  1 dB of
T1.410 theory with
random data assumption.
25
55
85
115
145
120
320
520
720
Figure F5a—2047 Pseudo Random Data
Figure F5b—2047 Pseudo Random Data
Figure F6a—All binary ONEs
Figure F6b—All binary ONEs
Figure F7a—All binary ZEROs
Figure F7b—All binary ZEROs
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The following figures show 10 to 160 kHz by 15
kHz.
The following figures show 20 to 1020 kHz by 100
kHz.
<<< -35 dBm/Hz
<<< -35 dBm/Hz
Figure F8b—HDLC Idle Flags (7Es)
Figure F8a—HDLC Idle Flags (7Es)
Figure F9b—1 ONE, then 7 Zeros
Figure F9a—1 ONE, then 7 Zeros
Figure F10b—3 ONEs, then 21 ZEROs
Figure F10a—3 ONEs, then 21 ZEROs
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The following figures show 10 to 160 kHz by 15
kHz.
The following figures show 20 to 1020 kHz by 100
kHz.
<<< -35 dBm/Hz
25
55
85
115
145
Figure F11b—Overlay Due to Three Data
Patterns (2047, all ONEs, HDLC flags)
Figure F11a—Overlay Due to Three Data
Patterns (2047, all ONEs, HDLC flags)
93
<<< - 30 dBm/Hz
T1.601 ISDN Mask
120
220
320
420
520
Figure F12—Comparison of 56 kbps DDS to T1.601 PSD Mask (2047, all ONEs, HDLC flags)
F.1.4.5
DDS References
Specifications for 56 KBPS DDS can be found in ANSI T1.410-1992. A theoretical definition of
the DDS PSD, including variations due to data patterns, is available in the IEEE
Telecommunications Handbook Series, “Subscriber Loop Signaling and Transmission,” IEEE
Press, Whitham D. Reeve, Editor, 1995.
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F.1.5 Modeling T1 Crosstalk Interference
F.1.5.1
Introduction
T1 alternate mark inversion (AMI) service has been identified as a ‘basis service’ in standards
committee T1E1.4 and is a well-established service in North America. Moreover, this service is
growing—and is projected to continue to grow—at an annual rate of about 8% 2. Thus, it is very
important that the effects of T1 service on other services are properly assessed.
Specifications for T1 AMI can be found in ANSI T1.403-1992. T1 does not include scrambling of
user data. Due to the lack of a scrambler, the T1 transmit PSD (and, hence, NEXT caused by it)
varies greatly as user data content changes.
A theoretical definition and discussion of the T1 PSD representing variations due to data patterns
and ONEs/ZEROs bias and supplemented with actual spectral measurements is available in the
IEEE Telecommunications Handbook Series, “Subscriber Loop Signaling and Transmission,”
IEEE Press, Whitham D. Reeve, Editor, 1995.
Section F.1.5.4 shows measured T1 transmit spectral plots for six practical user data sequences,
each in two frequency ranges: 10 – 160 kHz and 20 to 1000 kHz. Comparisons of these plots
and the above reference show very close agreement.
Note that the T1 mode used provides 1.536 Mb user data with added framing bits for a line rate of
1.544 Mb. The T1 quasi-random sequence signal (QRSS) is included here to represent “random”
data. The other data patterns here also represent practical data occurring during a data
communications session.
F.1.5.2
Interpreting the Data
The figures in the Section F.1.5.4 show actual T1 transmit PSD measurements made during
transmission of practical user data and standardized T1 test sequences. Dramatic differences in
these PSDs are due to the lack of a scrambler. Thus, the transmit PSD is a direct function of the
user data pattern at any moment. T1 services host many, many types of user data protocols;
thus, the patterns selected in Section F.1.5.4 are certainly not exhaustive of all practical patterns.
As an example, observe Figure F13b. This is the frequency representation of the T1 transmit
signal when sending the QRSS test mode. QRSS is intended to be representative of random
user data. When user data changes to ONEs, Figure F14b is representative of the transmit
signal. If the user data changes to HDLC flags, Figure F16b takes effect.
Consider the transmit power near 300 kHz. As the data changes, the PSD changes from –48
dBm/Hz to –75 dBm/Hz to –75 dBm/Hz—then back to –48 dBm/Hz when QRSS occurs.
Figures F19b and F20 show examples of how PSD peaks vary as the data patterns change.
In an actual data communication system, changes in user data are constantly changing and are
not predictable. The time duration of each PSD is caused solely by user data content, and thus
the time duration of each PSD may vary from less than a millisecond to many hours. Changes
from one PSD to any other may thus occur at any moment
The following list of observations occurred when looking at T1 transmit PSD measurements:

The PSD shown in Figures F13a and F13b is identical to the (only) one used in G.996.1 and
T1.413. This PSD is thus useful to evaluate the others.

The PSDs for all other data patterns bear no general resemblance to that for random data in
any frequency band.
2
Data from three industry survey services.
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
The PSDs for all other data patterns have exceptionally large and narrow PSD peaks and
valleys. These peaks and valleys are caused both by periodicity in some user data patterns
as well as the periodicity of the T1 framing bits.

A PSD peak in the 10 – 160 kHz band can exceed the G.996.1/T1.413 random data case by
at least 15 dB (see Figure F19a).

A PSD peak in the 20 – 1000 kHz band can exceed the G.996.1/T1.413 random data case by
at least 20 dB (see Figure F21).

T1 in an adjacent binder can produce NEXT PSD peaks equal to or higher than heretofore
modeled for the same binder. (Adjacent binder NEXT is assumed to be 15.5 dB reduced
from same binder NEXT. The peaks herein can be 20 dB higher.)

A PSD peak in the 10 – 160 kHz band can change abruptly with time as much as 40 dB as
user data varies (see Figure F19a).

The average power in the 10 – 160 kHz band can change abruptly with time by about 25 dB
(see Figure F19a).

A PSD peak in the 20 – 1000 kHz band can change abruptly with time more than 40 dB (see
Figures F21 and G21).

The average power in the 120 – 520 kHz band can change abruptly with time by about 25 dB
(see Figures F20 and F21).

The time duration of each PSD is obviously caused solely by the time changes of user data
content, and thus the time duration of each PSD may vary from less than a millisecond to
many hours. Changes from one PSD to any other may occur at any moment. Examples
include bursts of “random” user data followed by idle periods consisting of HDLC flags.
F.1.5.3
An Improved Single PSD Model
In Section F.1.5.4 the PSD at many frequencies can exceed the model of G.996.1 and T1.413 by as
much as 20 dB. Perhaps if an exhaustive analysis of all practical user data patterns were tested, the
PSD at any given frequency could exceed that model by ~20 dB.
This result suggests that a simple PSD model correction proposal might be to increase the PSD
amplitude of the G.996.1 and T1.413 T1 NEXT model by about 20 dB at all frequencies. While
this change would certainly encompass the PSD peaks, this method is unduly pessimistic to
some technologies. For one example, a technology that relies on the SNR in all small frequency
segments, say 4 kHz wide, across its band will indeed appear to need to set its margin in each
segment to allow for the potential 20 dB SNR degradation caused by data patterns. Thus, this
simple correction has merit for this technology. However, for another technology that relies only
on the SNR in a much wider band, say 100-200 kHz, the average SNR across that wider band is
impacted little—if at all—by a narrow PSD peak.
The two examples above indicate that the sensitivity of different technologies to narrow PSD
peaks varies considerably.
Thus, any single PSD model is not valid.
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F.1.5.4
T1 Transmit PSD Measurements
The figures in this section represent actual transmit PSD measurements made during transmission of
specific user data sequences. The dramatic differences are due to the lack of a scrambler in this
technology. Thus, transmit PSD is a direct function of the user data pattern at any moment. The data
here represent practical data occurring during a data communications session but are, of course, not
exhaustive: that is, many other PSD variations will be encountered in practice. The time duration of each
PSD is caused solely by user data, and thus the time duration of each PSD may vary from less than a
millisecond to many hours. Changes from one PSD to any other may occur at any time. (The amplitude
scale is the same in all figures.)
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The following figures show 10 to 160 kHz by 15
kHz.
The following figures show 20 to 1020 kHz by 100
kHz.
<<< -35 dBm/Hz
<<< -35 dBm/Hz
QRSS curve is within  1 dB
of T1.413 formula for T1 transmit PSD.
QRSS curve is within  1 dB
of T1.413 formula for T1 transmit PSD.
Figure F13b—QRSS Pseudo Random Data
Figure F13a—QRSS Pseudo Random Data
Figure F14b—All binary ONEs
Figure F14a—All binary ONEs
Figure F15a—All binary ZEROs
Figure F15b—All binary ZEROs
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The following figures show 10 to 160 kHz by 15
kHz.
The following figures show 20 to 1020 kHz by
100 kHz.
<<< -35 dBm/Hz
-35 dBm/Hz >>>
Figure F16a—HDLC Idle Flags (7Es)
Figure F16b—HDLC Idle Flags (7Es)
Figure F17a—1 ONE, then 7 Zeros
Figure F17b—1 ONE, then 7 Zeros
Figure F18a—3 ONEs, then 21 ZEROs
Figure F18b—3 ONEs, then 21 ZEROs
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The following figures show 10 to 160 kHz by 15
kHz.
The following figures show 20 to 1020 kHz by 100
kHz.
<<< - 35 dBm/Hz
Figure F19b—Overlay due to three data
patterns(QRSS, 3/24, HDLC flags)
Figure F19a—Overlay due to three data
patterns(QRSS, 3/24, ONEs)3
Figure F20—Overlay due to four data
patterns (QRSS, all ONEs, all ZEROs, 1/8
ONEs)
3
QRSS is a data pattern of 220-1,a
standard pattern for T1 testing.
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
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ZER
OS
ONES OR
ZEROS
QRSS
“RANDOM”
DATA
-35 dBm/Hz
QRSS curve is within  1 dB
ONEs
120
320
220
of T1.413 formula for T1 transmit PSD.
420
520
620
720
820
Figure F21—Comparison of measured T1 PSDs
F.1.5.5
References
Specifications for T1 AMI can be found in ANSI T1.403-1992. A theoretical definition of the T1
PSD with actual spectral measurements, representing variations due to data patterns, is available
in the IEEE Telecommunications Handbook Series, “Subscriber Loop Signaling and
Transmission,” IEEE Press, Whitham D. Reeve, Editor, 1995.
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F.2
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE (RFI) MODELS
F.2.1 AM Radio Interference
This section provides models for injection of AM RFI interference. Only differential interference is
used in the network model. Common mode interference values are provided for completeness.
Modulation of the RFI interferer is under study.
F.2.1.1 Severity 1 Test Model




4 AM Interferers <1.1 MHz
7 AM Interferers in entire AM band
50 dB balance
1 large AM signal
Table F2 – Severity 1 Template (RT1)
Ingress
Type
AM2
AM5
AM6
AM7
Center
Frequency
(kHz)
650
790
840
1080
Common
Mode
(dBm)
-2
-30
-30
-30
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Differential
(dBm)
-52
-80
-80
-80
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F.2.1.2 Severity 2 Test Models




8 AM Interferers <1.1 MHz
17 AM Interferers in entire AM band
32 dB balance
3 large AM signals
Table F3 – Severity 2 Template (RT2)
Ingress
Type
AM1
AM2
AM3
AM4
AM5
AM6
AM9
AM7
AM8
AM10
AM11
AM12
AM13
AM15
AM16
AM17
AM18
Amateur
radio
Center
Frequency
(kHz)
540
650
680
760
790
840
900
1080
1330
1370
1410
1450
1490
1540
1580
1600
1630
3500
Common
Mode
(dBm)
-3
-3
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
3
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
10
103
Differential
(dBm)
-35
-35
-62
-62
-62
-62
-62
-62
-35
-62
-62
-62
-62
-62
-62
-62
-62
-30
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F.2.1.3 Severity 3 Test Model




8 AM Interferers <1.1 MHz
19 AM Interferers in entire AM band
30 dB balance
3 large AM signals
Table F4 – Severity 3 Template (RT3)
Ingress
Type
Center Frequency (kHz)
AM1
AM2
AM3
AM4
AM5
AM6
AM9
AM7
AM19
AM8
AM10
AM11
AM12
AM13
AM14
AM15
AM16
AM17
AM18
Amateur
radio
540
650
680
760
790
840
900
1080
1150
1330
1370
1410
1450
1490
1510
1540
1580
1600
1630
3500
Common
Mode
(dBm)
10
10
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
10
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
-30
0
Differential
(dBm)
-20
-20
-60
-60
-60
-60
-60
-60
-60
-20
-60
-60
-60
-60
-60
-60
-60
-60
-60
-30
F.2.2 PC Monitor Interference
Under study
F.5
LONGITUDINAL BALANCE
Under study
F.6
RINGING
Ringing in North America is an alternating current (AC) voltage superimposed on a direct current
(DC) bias. Many installations in the USA use non-sinusoidal 20 Hz ringing with a nominal rms, 90
volts at the ringing source. Other frequencies in use range from 16 2/3 to 66 2/3 with voltages
from 85 to 1353. ANSI standard T1.401-1993, Interface Between Carriers and Customer
Installations--Analog Voicegrade Switched Access Lines Using Loop-Start and Ground-Start
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Signaling, sets the maximum voltage limit to 150V rms and notes cases where it can attain 175V
rms.
Ringing is a non-continuous disturber. At the beginning of each ringing burst there is a transition
from -48-Volt battery feed to -48-Volt with superimposed AC ringing. Nominal interrupts are two
seconds on and four seconds off. Custom ringing cadences with multiple ringing, such as triple
cadences, are common. The ringing waveform is ideally a sine wave with its axis of symmetry
shifted -48-Volts from zero. The ringing burst can be characterized in terms of 100s of
milliseconds as shown in Figure F22. In this depiction, the sine wave starts and stops in unity
with the DC bias and represents the best case relative to instantaneous power changes as a
result of ring application and trip.
-138 V
nominal peak
90 Vac rms.
4200 mS
1800 mS
Figure F22—Standard Ringing Potential with Best Case Start/End
Elements of synchronization are related to the application of ringing in many applications, such as
the use of a common ringing bus serving hundreds of lines. CO implementations, in many cases,
simultaneously ring multiple lines with concurrent cadence. As such, the application and withdraw
of ringing is generally without regard to the phase angle of AC energy. The peak voltage when
ringing is tripped can be the sum of the DC and greatest AC or approximately 170 volts as shown
in Figure F23.
20Hz or 50 mS Peak to Peak
~170V worst case
- 90Vrms ac
2
- 48Vdc
0
+ 48Vdc
Figure F23—Standard Ringing Potential Worst Case Start/End
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In its worst case, a generated ringing waveform is a trapezoidal shape, which means it has higher
frequency components occurring at 25 mS intervals. Transient energies often result from gap
switching in the ringing generator as shown in Figure F24.
The phase at the transition edge of ringing can be > 500Hz
infinity
Time i+2
Time i
< .5 mS
25 mS
Time i+1
1 mS
Figure F24—Ringing Waveforms (Worst Case Generalization)
Various forms of ringing cadence exist as noted above such as "triple," "double," "long/short,"
"coded" and "teen ringing" as defined in ANSI specification T1.401.02-1995, Interface between
Carriers and Customer Installations--Analog Voicegrade Switched Access Lines with Distinctive
Alerting Features. For example, triple ringing bursts three times within 1800 mS as shown in
Figure F25. These have the effect of increasing random, ring application and removal impulse
effects.
1800 mS
Figure F25—Triple Ringing Interval
Telephone switching systems typically have the capability of ringing as many as one-fourth of the
connected lines. Accordingly, in the worst case, an average of six of the 25 pairs in a binder
group could be in some phase of ringing application or removal.
F.7
SUPERVISION (HOOK FLASH)
As shown in Figure F26, the DC potential is applied to the customer loop through a battery-feed
device consisting of two inductive coils in series with tip and ring. An idle circuit is nominally 48
Volts with no current flowing.
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
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48Vdc
Figure F26—Simple Battery Feed Arrangement
During service initiation, the customer closes the loop and a transient voltage migration occurs
within the cable pair of greater than 40 volts, that is, it drops to 6 volts across the telephone set.
A sudden voltage change in the presence of distributed capacitance can couple as not all of it
gets cancelled out. A wave front of the sudden change in loop voltage is unbounded and
currently unrestricted. POTS filters for DSL are only on the pair connected to and adjacent pairs
are susceptible to the type of inductive kick as described above. This setup exists throughout the
network today.
In some cases, on longer loops, the voltage is boosted in order to achieve objective currents
while the telephone is off hook. Therefore, 48 volts is the minimum of voltage change that may
be encountered. This effect was observed on a spectrum analyzer lab setting as described
above for ringing with the collector located at the premises side as shown in Figure F27.
-80dBm
-90DBM
Figure F27—Hook Switch Coupling
F.8
DIAL PULSE
These are periodic transitions from on-hook to off-hook in order to convey numeric values
typically at 10 pulses per second in North America. Usually, 40 ms make (close) versus 60 ms
break (open) as there is less time required to build the magnetic flux versus lose it. As soon as
the dial on the phone is turned, all of the resistance in the circuit (all the handset circuitry) is
shunted. There is a solid short in the circuit in order to get ready to go to maximum current.
The shorter the loop the higher the current but the less the crosstalk potential. This situation is
just the opposite of longer loops. These phenomena exist on short and longer loops. The
highest value is a zero (10 pulses). The random, reoccurring cross talk effects of dial pulse were
observed on a spectrum analyzer with a lab setting as described above for supervision signaling
with the collector located at the premises side as shown in Figure F28. In some jurisdictions, all
telephone lines must support dial-pulse digit collection methods.
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-74dBm
-90DBM
Figure F28—Dial Pulse Coupling
F.9
IMPULSE NOISE
The two test impulse waveforms are shown in Figures F29 and F30. Tables G6 and G7 contain
the impulse wave amplitude given in millivolts at 160 nanosecond time intervals.
30
A
m 20
p
10
l
i
0
t
u
d –10
e
(mV) –20
–30
0.125
0.130
0.135
0.140
0.145
0.150
T1532220-99
Time (msec)
Figure F29—Test Impulse 1
40
30
A
20
m
p
10
l
i
0
t
u
d –10
e
(mV) –20
–30
–40
0.125
0.130
0.135
0.140
Time (msec)
0.145
0.150
T1532230-99
Figure F30—Test Impulse 2
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
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Table F5—Impulse Number 1
Interval #
Amplitude mV
Interval #
Amplitude m
Interval #
Amplitude mV
1
0.0000
51
-6.3934
101
0.1598
2
0.0000
52
1.7582
102
-1.7582
3
0.0000
53
2.2377
103
0.1598
4
0.0000
54
-4.9549
104
0.4795
5
0.0000
55
2.2377
105
-1.2787
6
0.0000
56
1.7582
106
0.7992
7
0.0000
57
-5.5943
107
1.2787
8
0.0000
58
1.4385
108
-0.7992
9
0.0000
59
2.3975
109
0.0000
10
0.9590
60
-3.6762
110
-0.3197
11
-0.4795
61
1.4385
111
-2.2377
12
-1.2787
62
0.4795
112
-1.1188
13
-1.1188
63
-5.7541
113
-0.7992
14
-1.4385
64
-0.4795
114
-1.5984
15
-1.5984
65
0.3197
115
0.1598
16
-2.2377
66
-3.3566
116
0.4795
17
-1.4385
67
2.3975
117
-0.9590
18
7.6721
68
2.3975
118
0.0000
19
6.7131
69
-3.1967
119
-0.3197
20
-16.6229
70
0.7992
120
-1.5984
21
-12.9467
71
0.6393
121
0.0000
22
18.7008
72
-3.5164
122
0.4795
23
9.5902
73
1.1188
123
-0.7992
24
-13.5861
74
1.7582
124
0.4795
25
-5.2746
75
-2.3975
125
0.7992
26
-6.3934
76
1.2787
126
-0.9590
27
-1.9180
77
0.9590
127
-0.9590
28
23.0164
78
-3.3566
128
-0.4795
29
3.9959
79
0.0000
129
-0.6393
30
-23.4959
80
0.1598
130
0.4795
31
-3.1967
81
-3.0369
131
1.1188
32
4.3156
82
1.1188
132
0.0000
33
-3.0369
83
1.5984
133
0.0000
34
10.7090
84
-2.0779
134
0.0000
35
2.2377
85
0.1598
135
0.0000
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Table F5 (Cont’d)—Impulse Number 1
36
-12.9467
86
0.3197
136
0.0000
37
3.1967
87
-2.5574
137
0.0000
38
1.9180
88
0.1598
138
0.0000
39
-9.9098
89
0.1598
139
0.0000
40
5.5943
90
-2.0779
140
0.0000
41
5.9139
91
0.6393
42
-6.7131
92
0.9590
43
2.3975
93
-1.7582
44
1.2787
94
-0.1598
45
-8.4713
95
-0.6393
46
2.5574
96
-3.0369
47
2.8771
97
-0.3197
48
-6.0738
98
0.4795
49
2.2377
99
-1.4385
50
1.7582
100
0.4795
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
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Table F6—Impulse Number 2
Interval #
Amplitude mV
Interval #
Amplitude mV
Interval #
Amplitude mV
1
0.0000
51
0.6404
101
0.6404
2
0.0000
52
15.5295
102
0.6404
3
0.0000
53
18.8916
103
-0.4803
4
0.0000
54
-3.8424
104
-0.3202
5
0.0000
55
-3.0419
105
-0.9606
6
0.0000
56
11.6872
106
-2.8818
7
0.0000
57
-0.3202
107
-2.5616
8
0.0000
58
-7.5246
108
-0.8005
9
0.0000
59
13.4483
109
-0.4803
10
-0.6404
60
18.4113
110
-0.8005
11
0.9606
61
-0.4803
111
-0.4803
12
0.1601
62
-3.0419
112
-0.9606
13
-5.4433
63
9.7660
113
-1.1207
14
-12.3276
64
11.2069
114
-0.6404
15
-12.1675
65
4.0025
115
-0.4803
16
0.0000
66
0.6404
116
-0.9606
17
5.2832
67
0.6404
117
-1.4409
111
TIA-876
Table F6 (Cont’d)—Impulse Number 2
Interval #
Amplitude mV
Interval #
Amplitude mV
Interval #
Amplitude mV
18
0.1601
68
1.7611
118
-1.6010
19
-20.8128
69
3.3621
119
-1.2808
20
-45.3078
70
5.6034
120
-0.9606
21
-46.7487
71
7.8448
121
-0.9606
22
-28.9778
72
2.5616
122
-1.2808
23
-13.4483
73
-4.6428
123
-1.1207
24
0.6404
74
0.6404
124
-1.1207
25
0.9606
75
10.7266
125
-1.4409
26
-14.4089
76
8.3251
126
-1.4409
27
-13.7685
77
1.9212
127
-1.4409
28
-9.4458
78
3.6823
128
-2.0813
29
-17.4507
79
4.3227
129
-2.4015
30
-2.5616
80
0.3202
130
-1.9212
31
26.5763
81
2.7217
131
-1.4409
32
16.1699
82
7.2044
132
-1.1207
33
-17.7709
83
3.2020
133
-1.2808
34
-17.1305
84
-2.7217
134
-1.9212
35
13.6084
85
-1.4409
135
-2.2414
36
27.0566
86
1.2808
136
-2.2414
37
18.0911
87
1.4409
137
-2.5616
38
14.2488
88
0.8005
138
-3.0419
39
5.6034
89
0.1601
139
-3.0419
40
-8.1650
90
0.0000
140
-2.5616
41
12.4877
91
1.1207
141
-1.2808
42
37.3029
92
1.1207
142
-0.1601
43
9.6059
93
0.6404
143
-0.6404
44
-18.8916
94
1.1207
144
-2.5616
45
5.1231
95
0.6404
145
-3.2020
46
22.2537
96
-1.1207
146
-3.0419
47
1.1207
97
-0.8005
147
-2.5616
48
-0.9606
98
0.1601
148
-2.0813
49
20.4926
99
-1.2808
149
-1.4409
50
14.2488
100
-1.4409
150
-1.6010
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
112
TIA-876
Table F6 (Cont’d)—Impulse Number 2
Interval #
Amplitude mV
Interval #
Amplitude mV
Interval #
Amplitude mV
151
-1.9212
201
-0.8005
251
-1.2808
152
-1.9212
202
-0.9606
252
-1.6010
153
-2.0813
203
-1.6010
253
-1.6010
154
-2.4015
204
-2.4015
254
-1.4409
155
-2.5616
205
-2.5616
255
-0.4803
156
-2.5616
206
-2.8818
256
0.4803
157
-1.9212
207
-2.7217
257
0.4803
158
-1.6010
208
-1.9212
258
-0.4803
159
-1.6010
209
-1.1207
259
-0.9606
160
-1.9212
210
-0.9606
260
-1.1207
161
-1.9212
211
-1.1207
261
-1.4409
162
-2.0813
212
-1.4409
262
-1.2808
163
-2.2414
213
-1.7611
263
-0.1601
164
-2.5616
214
-2.4015
264
0.3202
165
-2.7217
215
-2.5616
265
0.0000
166
-2.2414
216
-2.2414
266
-0.4803
167
-1.2808
217
-1.7611
267
-0.4803
168
-1.2808
218
-1.7611
268
-0.4803
169
-2.2414
219
-1.4409
269
-0.6404
170
-3.0419
220
-0.9606
270
-0.4803
171
-2.8818
221
-0.8005
271
-0.1601
172
-2.5616
222
-0.9606
272
0.0000
173
-2.2414
223
-1.6010
273
0.0000
174
-1.9212
224
-2.2414
274
-0.1601
175
-1.9212
225
-2.4015
275
-0.1601
176
-2.2414
226
-2.2414
276
-0.4803
177
-2.5616
227
-1.9212
277
-0.6404
178
-2.7217
228
-1.4409
278
-0.3202
179
-2.5616
229
-0.4803
279
0.1601
180
-2.4015
230
0.0000
280
0.4803
181
-2.2414
231
-0.6404
281
0.3202
182
-2.0813
232
-1.6010
282
-0.1601
183
-1.7611
233
-1.7611
283
-0.3202
184
-1.6010
234
-1.6010
284
-0.4803
185
-1.7611
235
-1.9212
285
-0.6404
113
TIA-876
Table F6 (Cont’d)—Impulse Number 2
Interval #
Amplitude mV
Interval #
Amplitude mV
Interval #
Amplitude mV
186
-2.2414
236
-1.9212
286
-0.4803
187
-3.0419
237
-1.4409
287
0.1601
188
-3.2020
238
-0.4803
288
0.6404
189
-2.7217
239
0.0000
289
0.6404
190
-1.9212
240
0.0000
290
0.4803
191
-1.2808
241
-0.6404
291
0.0000
192
-0.9606
242
-1.6010
292
-0.6404
193
-1.1207
243
-2.4015
293
-0.6404
194
-2.0813
244
-1.9212
294
-0.4803
195
-2.8818
245
-0.9606
295
-0.1601
196
-3.0419
246
-0.4803
296
0.4803
197
-2.7217
247
-0.1601
297
0.6404
198
-2.7217
248
-0.1601
298
0.4803
199
-2.0813
249
0.0000
299
0.6404
200
-1.4409
250
-0.8005
300
0.4803
301
-0.1601
351
0.8005
401
0.9606
302
-0.9606
352
1.4409
402
0.6404
303
-0.9606
353
1.6010
403
0.4803
304
-0.1601
354
1.2808
404
0.6404
305
0.6404
355
0.6404
405
0.6404
306
0.8005
356
0.0000
406
0.4803
307
0.8005
357
-0.4803
407
0.3202
308
0.4803
358
-0.6404
408
0.1601
309
0.1601
359
0.0000
409
0.3202
310
-0.1601
360
0.8005
410
0.4803
311
-0.3202
361
1.4409
411
0.9606
312
-0.1601
362
1.6010
412
1.2808
313
0.0000
363
1.2808
413
0.9606
314
0.1601
364
0.6404
414
0.1601
315
0.6404
365
0.0000
415
-0.1601
316
0.8005
366
-0.4803
416
0.0000
317
0.6404
367
-0.1601
417
0.4803
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
114
TIA-876
Table F6 (Cont’d)—Impulse Number 2
Interval #
Amplitude mV
Interval #
Amplitude mV
Interval #
Amplitude mV
318
0.4803
368
0.1601
418
0.8005
319
0.0000
369
0.9606
419
0.6404
320
-0.4803
370
1.4409
420
0.4803
321
-0.4803
371
1.6010
421
0.8005
322
0.1601
372
1.1207
422
0.8005
323
0.8005
373
0.3202
423
0.4803
324
0.8005
374
-0.4803
424
0.1601
325
0.6404
375
-0.4803
425
0.0000
326
0.1601
376
0.1601
426
0.0000
327
0.4803
377
0.8005
427
0.1601
328
0.4803
378
1.1207
428
0.3202
329
0.3202
379
1.1207
429
0.6404
330
-0.3202
380
0.9606
430
0.9606
331
-0.4803
381
0.6404
431
0.8005
332
0.0000
382
0.1601
432
0.3202
333
0.6404
383
0.0000
433
0.1601
334
1.1207
384
0.1601
434
0.0000
335
1.2808
385
0.6404
435
0.1601
336
0.6404
386
1.1207
436
0.1601
337
0.1601
387
0.9606
437
0.1601
338
-0.1601
388
0.6404
438
0.1601
339
0.0000
389
0.6404
439
0.6404
340
0.0000
390
0.6404
440
1.1207
341
0.1601
391
0.3202
441
0.9606
342
0.3202
392
0.0000
442
0.4803
343
0.8005
393
0.4803
443
0.0000
344
1.2808
394
1.1207
444
-0.3202
345
1.2808
395
1.1207
445
-0.3202
346
0.9606
396
0.6404
446
0.0000
347
0.1601
397
0.1601
447
0.1601
348
-0.8005
398
0.0000
448
0.6404
349
-0.9606
399
0.1601
449
0.9606
350
-0.1601
400
0.8005
450
0.8005
115
TIA-876
Table F6 (Cont’d)—Impulse Number 2
Interval #
Amplitude mV
Interval #
Amplitude mV
Interval #
Amplitude mV
451
0.6404
461
0.0000
471
0.0000
452
0.0000
462
-0.9606
472
0.0000
453
-0.8005
463
-1.1207
473
0.0000
454
-0.8005
464
-0.4803
474
0.0000
455
0.0000
465
0.4803
475
0.0000
456
0.4803
466
1.1207
476
0.0000
457
0.6404
467
1.1207
477
0.0000
458
0.6404
468
0.6404
478
0.0000
459
0.8005
469
0.0000
479
0.0000
460
0.6404
470
0.0000
480
0.0000
F.10 PREMISES ATTACHED DEVICES
[Under study]
F.10.1 Voiceband Modems (V.34, V.90 and Fax Modems)
[Under study]
Table F7—Attached Modem Signal Characteristics
Impairment
Frequency
Level
Fax TX data
[300,3600 Hz]
-10 dBm
Fax RX data
[300,3600 Hz]
-18 dBm
V.90 TX data
[300,3600 Hz]
-14 dBm
V.90 RX data
[300,3600 Hz]
-18 dBm
V.92 TX PCM
[300,4000 Hz]
-14 dBm
V.34 TX data
[300,3600 Hz]
-10 dBm
V.34 RX data
[300,3600 Hz]
-18 dBm
Notes
F.10.2 Telephone Sets
[Under study]
Table F8—Attached Telephone Signal Characteristics
Impairment
Frequency
Level
Voice TX
[300,3600 Hz]
-15 dBm
Voice RX
[300,3600 Hz]
-23 dBm
Notes
F.10.3 Microfilters (Used in Conjunction with Modems and Telephones)
[Under study]
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
116
TIA-876
F.10.4 Home Burglar and Fire Alarm Systems
[Under study]
F.10.5 Home Phoneline Networking Systems
In-home data networks that operate over one pair of the existing home telephone wiring are
beginning to be proliferated. The emerging ITU standard, G.989.1: Phoneline Networking
Transceivers -- Foundation, promises to be one of the most widely deployed technologies. The
PSD for this technology is shown in Figure F31. It can be seen that, for this technology, the
signal is at or below –140 dBm/Hz over the entire band included in the scope of the Network
Model standard. However, other home networking technologies may be of concern -- this is
under study. Note, also, that G.989.1 is a potential interferer with VDSL and must be considered
at such time as the scope of this standard is expanded.
-75
PSD Upper Limit (dBm/Hz)
-85
-95
-105
-115
-125
-135
-145
0
5
10
15
20
Frequency (MHz)
Frequency (MHz)
PSD Limit (dBm/Hz)
0.015 < f <= 1.7
1.7 < f <= 3.5
3.5 < f <= 4.0
4.0 < f < 7.0
7.0 <= f <= 7.3
7.3 < f < 10.0
10.0 <= f < 13.0
13.0 <= f < 25.0
25.0 <= f < 30.0
-140
-140 + (f – 1.7)*50.0/1.8
-90 + (f – 3.5)*17.0
-71.5
-81.5
-71.5
-81.5 – (f –10.0)*43.5/3.0
-125
-140
Figure F31—G.pnt.f PSD Mask
117
25
30
TIA-876
F.11 CALL PROGRESS SIGNALS AND EVENTS
Characteristics of North American call progress signals and events are summarized in Table F9.
Table F9—Characteristics of Call Progress Signals and Events
Impairments
Frequency
Level
Cadence (on/off)
Dial Tone
350/440 Hz
-13 dBm
Continuous
Variable
-8 dbm or -6 dBm
150ms/50ms
440/480 Hz
-19 dBm
2 sec/4 sec
48V
Single
48 Vdc + 90 Vac
2 sec/4 sec
DTMF
Ring Back
Ring Trip
Ringing
20 Hz
Pulse Dial
10 pps
Caller ID
1200/2200 Hz
-13.5 dBm
Single
480/620 Hz
-24 dBm
500ms/500ms
48V
Single
Busy Tone
Notes
Dial 10 digits
40ms/60ms
On-Hook
Disconnect
F.12 LOOP TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS
This section provides the transmission characteristics of the 13 xDSL test loops included in the
Network Access Transmission Model. Graphs and tables representing the transmission
characteristics of the loop portion of the model in both voice frequency and broadband frequency
domains are provided.
The following parameters are included: attenuation, phase, delay, impedance at CO/RT side and
impedance at Customer side of the loop portion that makes the link between the xDSL
transceiver located either in the Central Office (CO) or in the Remote Terminal (RT) and the
Network Interface Device (NID). Transmission characteristics are provided for a temperature of
70 Fahrenheit. Terminal Impedance of loops is ZT=100 ohms. Calculations are based on
constants and equations given in T1.413 Issue 2, Annex G.
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
118
TIA-876
Figure F32 —XDSL Loop 1
119
TIA-876
Figure F32 —XDSL Loop 2
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
120
TIA-876
Figure F34 —XDSL Loop 3
121
TIA-876
Figure F35 —XDSL Loop 4
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
122
TIA-876
Figure F36 —XDSL Loop 5
123
TIA-876
Figure F37—XDSL Loop 6
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
124
TIA-876
Figure F38—XDSL Loop 7
125
TIA-876
Figure F39 —XDSL Loop 8
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
126
TIA-876
Figure F40—XDSL Loop 9
127
TIA-876
Figure F41—XDSL Loop 10
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
128
TIA-876
Figure F42—XDSL Loop 11
129
TIA-876
Figure F43—XDSL Loop 12
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Working Draft
130
TIA-876
Figure F44—XDSL Loop 13
131
TIA-876
Table F10 — xDSL Loop 1
Freq
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
550000
600000
650000
700000
750000
800000
850000
900000
950000
1000000
1050000
1100000
1150000
1200000
1250000
1300000
1350000
1400000
1450000
1500000
1550000
1600000
Attenuation
dB
-7.8
-7.81
-7.82
-7.83
-7.85
-8.01
-8.56
-9.28
-10.02
-10.69
-13.17
-15.4
-18.4
-22.67
-27.47
-25.05
-22.73
-22.2
-22.46
-22.97
-23.72
-24.69
-25.88
-27.17
-28.82
-31.01
-33.86
-36.3
-36.15
-34.77
-33.91
-33.61
-33.72
-34.12
-34.74
-35.57
-36.62
-37.95
-39.66
-41.67
-43.57
Phase
Deg
-3.33
-6.65
-9.97
-13.28
-16.59
-32.99
-64.58
-94.2
-122
-148.49
-275.26
-401.02
-526.22
-644.92
-734.09
-819.81
-937.38
-1060.07
-1181.4
-1302.38
-1422.38
-1541.51
-1659.79
-1778.79
-1896.87
-2012.76
-2122.37
-2218.79
-2311.76
-2418.5
-2532.59
-2648.85
-2765.49
-2881.93
-2997.96
-3113.54
-3228.59
-3342.87
-3455.39
-3565.58
-3668.09
Delay
µS
9.24
9.23
9.23
9.23
9.22
9.16
8.97
8.72
8.47
8.25
7.65
7.43
7.31
7.17
6.8
6.51
6.51
6.54
6.56
6.58
6.59
6.59
6.59
6.59
6.59
6.58
6.55
6.49
6.42
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.41
6.41
6.41
6.4
6.4
6.39
6.37
Impedance CO
Real
Imaginary
387.39
-25.87
380.93
-50.65
370.73
-73.39
357.45
-93.35
342.2
-110.29
259.1
-150.25
158.63
-127.76
122.7
-92.67
110.15
-67.89
106.3
-51.77
103.98
-19.52
113.69
-25.62
107.82
-11.54
98.29
-19.76
109.74
-11.56
100.84
-9.01
105.09
-14.79
102.21
-9.39
101.03
-10.99
102.34
-8.48
101.72
-9.6
101.11
-9.17
100.2
-9.02
100.35
-7.46
100.35
-8.25
100.58
-7.71
99.06
-7.98
99.75
-7.21
99.11
-6.77
99.64
-7.32
98.95
-6.88
98.7
-6.82
98.78
-6.23
98.86
-6.4
98.61
-6.41
98.29
-6.32
98.14
-5.89
98.26
-5.91
98.16
-5.87
97.88
-5.99
97.78
-5.61
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Impedance NID
Real
Imaginary
387.46
-25.84
381.19
-50.67
371.25
-73.56
358.28
-93.78
343.29
-111.13
260.22
-153.96
155.78
-134.85
115.89
-100.28
99.79
-74.77
92.72
-56.94
81.89
-13.31
88.17
21.92
121.94
58.69
236.41
39.3
172.81
-134.46
73.48
-86.54
60.13
-39.21
67.55
-10.78
82.66
2.97
96.11
3.43
99.9
-1.12
98.04
-0.63
99.54
6.5
111.32
14.15
134.62
8.47
146.62
-27.26
113.34
-56.34
78.81
-43.98
67.59
-19.18
72.67
2.25
87.49
13.93
103.28
12.65
110.6
3.72
110.17
-2.74
109.37
-4.47
112.11
-5.98
115.82
-12.86
112.3
-25.09
97.6
-32.2
80.95
-25.94
72.97
-10.27
Working Draft
132
TIA-876
Table F11 — xDSL Loop 2
Freq
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
550000
600000
650000
700000
750000
800000
850000
900000
950000
1000000
1050000
1100000
1150000
1200000
1250000
1300000
1350000
1400000
1450000
1500000
1550000
1600000
Attenuation
dB
-9.6
-9.61
-9.64
-9.67
-9.72
-10.08
-11.19
-12.43
-13.53
-14.44
-17.74
-21.04
-25.59
-29.44
-27.83
-26.53
-26.58
-27.36
-28.53
-29.86
-31.53
-33.69
-36.48
-39.26
-40.42
-39.91
-39.5
-39.65
-40.25
-40.97
-41.97
-43.27
-44.93
-46.92
-48.8
-49.7
-49.66
-49.5
-49.63
-49.93
-50.52
Phase
Deg
-4.48
-8.96
-13.43
-17.88
-22.31
-43.98
-84.08
-119.97
-153.1
-184.77
-338.08
-490.3
-634.55
-751.93
-874.41
-1020.05
-1169.74
-1318.47
-1465.7
-1612.69
-1758.71
-1903.03
-2042.92
-2174.35
-2297.16
-2426.52
-2564.06
-2704.49
-2845.2
-2988
-3130.25
-3271.65
-3411.37
-3547.38
-3677.23
-3803.13
-3932.18
-4066.17
-4202.83
-4342.67
-4482.65
Delay
µS
12.45
12.45
12.43
12.41
12.39
12.22
11.68
11.11
10.63
10.26
9.39
9.08
8.81
8.35
8.1
8.1
8.12
8.14
8.14
8.14
8.14
8.13
8.11
8.05
7.98
7.93
7.91
7.91
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.88
7.86
7.83
7.8
7.79
7.78
7.78
7.78
Impedance CO
Real
Imaginary
496.86
-44.21
482.47
-85.15
460.71
-120.29
434.09
-148.21
405.36
-168.96
279.38
-194.12
172.78
-142.12
142.34
-103.02
131.21
-80.48
125.58
-66.99
115.33
-39.39
109.71
-26.03
105.59
-22.44
106.11
-21.22
106.98
-17.89
105.63
-15.15
104.44
-14.46
104.34
-13.85
103.97
-12.83
103.4
-12.23
103.17
-11.81
102.88
-11.18
102.37
-10.8
102.13
-10.55
101.99
-10.15
101.67
-9.76
101.37
-9.54
101.16
-9.32
100.9
-9.07
100.72
-8.85
100.58
-8.64
100.42
-8.42
100.25
-8.25
100.11
-8.09
99.96
-7.92
99.79
-7.78
99.65
-7.66
99.5
-7.54
99.34
-7.42
99.25
-7.3
99.15
-7.17
133
Impedance NID
Real
Imaginary
493.31
-60.17
469.46
-113.56
435.15
-155.7
395.87
-185.19
356.33
-203.42
212.01
-201.21
117.47
-130.28
93.94
-89.51
85.5
-66.96
80.71
-53.38
63.85
-11.16
65.5
26.85
94.41
72.83
205.51
83.36
207.77
-77.88
115.86
-77.61
91.35
-48.41
89.36
-30.53
92.8
-24.93
90.84
-27.65
79.4
-27.49
66.54
-16.33
61.39
3.91
69.63
28.59
97.92
47.13
137.88
34.38
145.84
-4.17
128.01
-22.82
114.85
-24.19
110.1
-23.36
107.55
-27.17
99.04
-33.63
83.58
-33.55
69.74
-22.55
64.54
-4.99
69.96
12.87
84.91
24.56
103.11
24.23
114.34
14.2
116.76
4.23
116.78
-1.48
TIA-876
Table F12— xDSL Loop 3
Freq
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
550000
600000
650000
700000
750000
800000
850000
900000
950000
1000000
1050000
1100000
1150000
1200000
1250000
1300000
1350000
1400000
1450000
1500000
1550000
1600000
Attenuation
dB
-10.54
-10.6
-10.71
-10.85
-11.03
-12.27
-15.25
-17.9
-20.17
-22.12
-29.22
-30.13
-31.27
-37.38
-46.68
-46.23
-44.12
-44.07
-43.8
-43.8
-46.47
-49.59
-50.07
-50.2
-52.47
-56.37
-59.74
-61.02
-60.19
-59.42
-59.87
-60.84
-61.85
-62.67
-63.55
-64.61
-66.47
-69.1
-71.66
-73.65
-75.61
Phase
Deg
-8.01
-15.99
-23.89
-31.67
-39.32
-75
-134.46
-184.8
-230.73
-274.05
-469.74
-657.84
-879.44
-1105.81
-1276.18
-1431.14
-1620.33
-1819.85
-2015.78
-2226.2
-2434.28
-2623.36
-2809.11
-3012.48
-3218.94
-3414.05
-3593.07
-3765.02
-3944.53
-4140.52
-4338.45
-4534.02
-4726.78
-4919.7
-5113.43
-5309.29
-5505.9
-5697.57
-5882.6
-6067.87
-6250.11
Delay
µS
22.26
22.21
22.12
21.99
21.85
20.83
18.68
17.11
16.02
15.22
13.05
12.18
12.21
12.29
11.82
11.36
11.25
11.23
11.2
11.24
11.27
11.21
11.15
11.16
11.18
11.16
11.09
11.01
10.96
10.95
10.96
10.95
10.94
10.93
10.93
10.92
10.92
10.91
10.89
10.87
10.85
Impedance CO
Real
Imaginary
549.47
-94.14
498.22
-166.18
435.22
-208.52
375.17
-226.2
324.62
-228.36
193.9
-176.34
133.65
-103.46
118.97
-69.58
115.99
-49.7
118.54
-39.49
108.65
-26.65
109.03
-18.52
105.94
-16.64
105.72
-14.6
104.03
-13.06
104.01
-12.05
103.13
-11.14
102.81
-10.74
102.06
-10.09
101.81
-9.71
101.35
-9.16
101.06
-8.93
100.65
-8.54
100.45
-8.31
100.2
-7.97
99.99
-7.79
99.76
-7.52
99.55
-7.39
99.33
-7.17
99.19
-7.02
99.06
-6.82
98.93
-6.69
98.8
-6.52
98.66
-6.41
98.54
-6.28
98.41
-6.18
98.29
-6.06
98.15
-5.98
98.03
-5.88
97.94
-5.78
97.87
-5.68
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Impedance NID
Real
Imaginary
519.76
-154.08
414.26
-239.74
314.42
-262.5
240.39
-253.94
189.3
-234.75
89.84
-148.2
54.84
-79.11
46.08
-51.69
42.25
-35.22
41.06
-22.9
66.81
11.21
83.99
-46.14
36.47
-39.31
23.69
-22.3
18.2
-3.16
23.17
14.68
33.55
25.83
46.54
38.65
76.85
40.27
92.81
16.2
98.96
2.86
102.48
-31.12
71.83
-48.46
51.67
-44.72
37.74
-38.84
27.19
-28.95
22.29
-17.28
21.88
-6.2
25.39
2.91
30.44
8.38
34.16
12.71
39.48
18.05
48.42
21.53
58.56
20.7
69.91
15.81
78.37
1.16
73.18
-16.03
60.1
-24.22
46.65
-24.05
36.38
-17.17
31.79
-7.09
Working Draft
134
TIA-876
Table F13— xDSL Loop 4
Freq
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
550000
600000
650000
700000
750000
800000
850000
900000
950000
1000000
1050000
1100000
1150000
1200000
1250000
1300000
1350000
1400000
1450000
1500000
1550000
1600000
Attenuation
dB
-12.76
-12.88
-13.06
-13.31
-13.61
-15.5
-19.1
-21.69
-23.61
-25.14
-31.02
-36.72
-37.51
-37.2
-38.88
-41.3
-44.57
-49.06
-53.54
-55.81
-57.44
-60.5
-64.72
-69.03
-71.94
-72.67
-71.95
-70.81
-70.4
-70.56
-71.46
-73.02
-74.89
-76.13
-76.63
-77.13
-78.06
-79.47
-81.29
-83.11
-84.68
Phase
Deg
-9.89
-19.67
-29.27
-38.6
-47.63
-87.74
-150.63
-204.37
-255.38
-305.34
-550.16
-777.68
-992.98
-1236.48
-1484.77
-1732.07
-1977.95
-2217.29
-2442.34
-2663.22
-2894.39
-3128.54
-3355.84
-3572.85
-3777.16
-3980.44
-4190.36
-4410.53
-4638.17
-4871.67
-5104.63
-5335.12
-5559.88
-5779.8
-6001.54
-6227.32
-6454.9
-6682.08
-6907.31
-7132.64
-7353.79
Delay
µS
27.47
27.32
27.1
26.81
26.46
24.37
20.92
18.92
17.73
16.96
15.28
14.4
13.79
13.74
13.75
13.75
13.74
13.69
13.57
13.45
13.4
13.37
13.32
13.23
13.12
13.01
12.93
12.9
12.88
12.89
12.89
12.89
12.87
12.84
12.82
12.81
12.81
12.8
12.79
12.78
12.77
Impedance CO
Real
Imaginary
712.91
-166.79
603.12
-267.38
493.32
-301.82
407.85
-299.45
346.75
-282.57
221.26
-192.76
169.44
-122
148.87
-96.27
135.37
-79.53
127.84
-66.16
111.36
-44.29
108.78
-25.93
111.97
-26.58
102.67
-18.43
110.65
-15.85
101.72
-18.84
106.24
-10.27
104.91
-18.18
101.44
-9.58
107.17
-14.08
99.45
-11.75
105.83
-9.55
100.74
-13.4
102.44
-7.71
102.79
-12.39
100.07
-8.52
103.12
-9.83
99.84
-9.81
101.55
-8.15
100.66
-9.77
100.22
-7.97
100.95
-8.71
99.79
-8.31
100.37
-7.83
99.91
-8.21
99.69
-7.6
99.8
-7.71
99.39
-7.59
99.37
-7.34
99.29
-7.35
99.1
-7.18
135
Impedance NID
Real
Imaginary
702.3
-183.68
575.97
-283.83
458.21
-308.99
371.97
-297.94
313.06
-275.18
199.61
-176.6
159.66
-103.7
147.86
-79.73
139.98
-68.32
133.58
-61.64
108.02
-27.83
126.53
-37.82
106.95
-20.44
106.09
-27.7
102.3
-16
105.32
-15.44
102.34
-13.33
106.48
-13.27
101.47
-11.22
105.77
-12.04
103.6
-10.82
104.75
-12.44
102.02
-12.43
101.84
-10.99
100.48
-10.54
101.67
-8.97
100.7
-9.46
101.34
-8.53
100.93
-8.71
101.46
-8.25
101.4
-9.1
100.67
-8.94
100.08
-9.15
99.44
-8.11
99.59
-7.94
99.47
-7.41
99.63
-7.39
99.45
-7.15
99.75
-7.08
99.65
-7.3
99.62
-7.48
TIA-876
Table F14— xDSL Loop 5
Freq
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
550000
600000
650000
700000
750000
800000
850000
900000
950000
1000000
1050000
1100000
1150000
1200000
1250000
1300000
1350000
1400000
1450000
1500000
1550000
1600000
Attenuation
dB
-13.94
-14.11
-14.37
-14.7
-15.1
-17.46
-21.58
-24.47
-26.65
-28.38
-34.91
-41.46
-42.64
-42.89
-44.58
-47.04
-50.26
-54.43
-58.8
-60.33
-61.08
-62.61
-64.85
-67.31
-70.4
-73.57
-75.44
-76.4
-77.66
-79.05
-80.96
-83.35
-85.91
-87.8
-88.82
-89.78
-91.11
-92.87
-95.02
-97.12
-98.93
Phase
Deg
-11.97
-23.78
-35.29
-46.38
-57.02
-103.42
-176.07
-239.33
-299.64
-358.65
-649.06
-921.13
-1179.08
-1464.4
-1754.24
-2044.13
-2331.72
-2613.59
-2880.5
-3142.74
-3416.5
-3694.59
-3972.15
-4250.36
-4524.21
-4789.24
-5048.7
-5313.35
-5582.38
-5857.19
-6131.18
-6402.36
-6667.99
-6928.54
-7190.75
-7457.08
-7725.18
-7992.98
-8258.84
-8525.42
-8787.74
Delay
µS
33.26
33.03
32.67
32.21
31.68
28.73
24.45
22.16
20.81
19.92
18.03
17.06
16.38
16.27
16.24
16.22
16.19
16.13
16
15.87
15.82
15.79
15.76
15.74
15.71
15.65
15.58
15.54
15.51
15.5
15.48
15.46
15.44
15.4
15.36
15.34
15.33
15.31
15.29
15.28
15.26
Impedance CO
Real
Imaginary
798.42
-236.73
629.1
-345.59
487.87
-358.57
393.04
-335.36
331.78
-304.62
218.02
-197.35
167.76
-126.61
145.81
-98.29
133.5
-79.81
126.88
-66.91
113.42
-38.94
109.45
-28.25
107.74
-22.84
106.71
-19.55
105.92
-17.36
105.33
-15.76
104.8
-14.57
104.32
-13.64
103.87
-12.91
103.49
-12.26
103.14
-11.71
102.79
-11.25
102.45
-10.86
102.18
-10.46
101.92
-10.12
101.66
-9.81
101.4
-9.54
101.15
-9.3
100.9
-9.09
100.74
-8.85
100.58
-8.63
100.42
-8.43
100.26
-8.25
100.11
-8.08
99.95
-7.93
99.8
-7.79
99.65
-7.66
99.5
-7.54
99.35
-7.42
99.25
-7.29
99.15
-7.17
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Impedance NID
Real
Imaginary
758.51
-288.05
545.52
-384.41
394.19
-372.66
303.47
-334.37
248.78
-296.47
153.12
-187.49
108.16
-124.99
85.3
-101.14
70.74
-85.45
61.01
-74
36.01
-40.85
28.17
-13.26
38.72
7.8
58.11
12.44
71.94
1
70.85
-16.01
57.31
-25.41
41.87
-21.15
35.38
-7.59
40.95
5.28
53.34
8.9
63.16
2.07
63.99
-9.23
56.16
-16.88
45.61
-15.94
39.61
-7.76
41.65
1.56
49.48
5.83
57.3
2.82
60.04
-4.84
56.05
-11.65
48.48
-13.02
42.63
-8.41
42.2
-1.3
47
3.46
53.38
2.98
57
-1.97
55.67
-7.75
50.6
-10.51
45.24
-8.65
43.13
-3.57
Working Draft
136
TIA-876
Table F15— xDSL Loop 6
Freq
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
550000
600000
650000
700000
750000
800000
850000
900000
950000
1000000
1050000
1100000
1150000
1200000
1250000
1300000
1350000
1400000
1450000
1500000
1550000
1600000
Attenuation
dB
-14.09
-14.27
-14.56
-14.92
-15.35
-17.86
-22.17
-25.15
-27.31
-28.94
-34.46
-40.15
-48.24
-49.27
-48.75
-50.05
-52.28
-55.01
-58.17
-61.54
-65.83
-70.86
-73.44
-73.34
-73.92
-75.3
-77.19
-79.5
-82.24
-85.15
-88.61
-91.36
-92.09
-92.38
-93.21
-94.55
-96.29
-98.4
-100.94
-103.61
-106.28
Phase
Deg
-13.02
-25.84
-38.33
-50.35
-61.87
-112.14
-191.5
-260.95
-327.28
-392.51
-718.42
-1046.86
-1352.66
-1629.84
-1945.95
-2268.8
-2589.6
-2907.73
-3223.36
-3539.22
-3850.45
-4147.74
-4429.4
-4726.74
-5033.67
-5341.9
-5649.15
-5954.94
-6258.9
-6565.38
-6864.93
-7153.26
-7441.93
-7739.65
-8041.55
-8344.12
-8646.13
-8947.05
-9246.03
-9545.89
-9838.57
Delay
µS
36.16
35.9
35.49
34.97
34.37
31.15
26.6
24.16
22.73
21.81
19.96
19.39
18.79
18.11
18.02
18.01
17.98
17.95
17.91
17.87
17.83
17.73
17.58
17.51
17.48
17.46
17.44
17.41
17.39
17.37
17.34
17.28
17.23
17.2
17.18
17.17
17.16
17.14
17.12
17.11
17.08
Impedance CO
Real
Imaginary
808.29
-246.93
630.41
-355.3
485.99
-364.5
390.91
-338.61
330.16
-306.49
217.58
-198.49
166.36
-126.58
145.64
-97.11
134.42
-79.46
127.36
-67.56
113.52
-39.19
109.62
-28.34
107.81
-22.79
106.73
-19.53
105.92
-17.35
105.32
-15.77
104.8
-14.57
104.32
-13.65
103.87
-12.91
103.5
-12.26
103.14
-11.71
102.79
-11.25
102.45
-10.86
102.18
-10.47
101.92
-10.12
101.66
-9.81
101.4
-9.54
101.15
-9.3
100.9
-9.09
100.74
-8.85
100.58
-8.63
100.42
-8.43
100.26
-8.25
100.11
-8.08
99.95
-7.93
99.8
-7.79
99.65
-7.66
99.5
-7.54
99.35
-7.42
99.25
-7.29
99.15
-7.17
137
Impedance NID
Real
Imaginary
729.23
-330.25
483.16
-399.48
334.28
-362.61
253.54
-312.81
207.67
-270.5
132.57
-160.57
102.36
-99.25
90.59
-78.19
84.03
-68.81
77.95
-65.16
47.22
-51.1
26.84
-34.22
19.24
-10.18
26.68
11.51
44.33
22.78
63.78
20.33
76.42
6.91
77.25
-10.77
67.32
-24.63
51.4
-29.29
36.42
-23.46
28.48
-10.23
30.14
4.34
40.05
14.61
53.6
16.4
64.89
9.62
69.34
-2.32
65.57
-14.14
55.62
-20.99
43.68
-20.46
34.79
-12.89
32.42
-1.78
37.2
8.15
46.75
12.91
56.89
10.85
63.43
3.2
63.9
-6.62
58.39
-14.52
49.42
-17.41
40.6
-14.34
35.57
-6.7
TIA-876
Table F16— xDSL Loop 7
Freq
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
550000
600000
650000
700000
750000
800000
850000
900000
950000
1000000
1050000
1100000
1150000
1200000
1250000
1300000
1350000
1400000
1450000
1500000
1550000
1600000
Attenuation
dB
-16.14
-16.56
-17.18
-17.92
-18.73
-22.65
-28.28
-32.06
-34.81
-36.86
-42.93
-46.91
-50.65
-54.48
-58.25
-61.98
-65.83
-69.88
-74.19
-78.45
-83.04
-88.05
-93.5
-98.34
-101.12
-101.84
-102.4
-103.39
-104.79
-105.98
-107.43
-109.09
-110.92
-112.87
-114.9
-116.99
-119.12
-121.3
-123.51
-125.37
-127.25
Phase
Deg
-18.45
-36.23
-52.92
-68.33
-82.55
-140.92
-231.72
-312.21
-389.04
-464.35
-838.48
-1216.57
-1595.92
-1975.32
-2352.67
-2729.86
-3105.27
-3478.5
-3848.97
-4218.72
-4585.05
-4946.75
-5300.94
-5646.09
-5981.21
-6322.77
-6673.15
-7027.16
-7381.89
-7742.84
-8103.38
-8463.09
-8821.71
-9179.08
-9535.19
-9890.08
-10243.81
-10596.44
-10947.99
-11304.47
-11660.3
Delay
µS
51.24
50.33
49
47.45
45.86
39.14
32.18
28.91
27.02
25.8
23.29
22.53
22.17
21.95
21.78
21.67
21.56
21.47
21.38
21.31
21.23
21.14
21.04
20.91
20.77
20.66
20.6
20.55
20.51
20.48
20.46
20.44
20.42
20.4
20.37
20.35
20.33
20.3
20.27
20.26
20.24
Impedance CO
Real
Imaginary
884.68
-430.09
575.62
-464.26
420.08
-399.67
342.6
-339.41
299.48
-294.36
219.78
-190.45
167.49
-127.71
145.25
-97.5
134.15
-79.32
127.41
-67.33
113.65
-39.1
109.66
-28.34
107.81
-22.83
106.73
-19.56
105.92
-17.35
105.32
-15.76
104.8
-14.57
104.32
-13.65
103.87
-12.91
103.49
-12.26
103.14
-11.71
102.79
-11.25
102.45
-10.86
102.18
-10.47
101.92
-10.12
101.66
-9.81
101.4
-9.54
101.15
-9.3
100.9
-9.09
100.74
-8.85
100.58
-8.63
100.42
-8.43
100.26
-8.25
100.11
-8.08
99.95
-7.93
99.8
-7.79
99.65
-7.66
99.5
-7.54
99.35
-7.42
99.25
-7.29
99.15
-7.17
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Impedance NID
Real
Imaginary
863.52
-444.44
547.5
-466.87
394.77
-396.75
320.09
-334.96
278.82
-289.69
202.18
-186.87
150.77
-124.77
128.47
-94.41
117.08
-75.5
110.29
-62.46
97
-27.73
99.12
-7.99
112.23
2.87
132.1
-3.02
138.45
-30.79
113.63
-53.35
82.6
-47.76
65.17
-26.9
61.33
-2.15
70.34
23.53
98.25
45.37
151.72
37.35
168.49
-34.84
110.71
-66.43
72.94
-46
60.98
-18.73
63.89
5.96
79.05
25.42
105.71
32.12
131.73
14.47
131.06
-15.92
111.1
-29.17
94.4
-25.37
86.63
-15.56
86.14
-5.89
90.36
0.76
96.46
3.05
101.46
1.43
103.72
-1.88
103.87
-4.69
103.42
-6.44
Working Draft
138
TIA-876
Table F17— xDSL Loop 8
Freq
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
550000
600000
650000
700000
750000
800000
850000
900000
950000
1000000
1050000
1100000
1150000
1200000
1250000
1300000
1350000
1400000
1450000
1500000
1550000
1600000
Attenuation
Phase
dB
Deg
-15.14
-16.59
-15.48
-32.68
-16.01
-47.91
-16.64
-62.12
-17.35
-75.31
-20.9
-129.78
-26.08
-213.94
-29.48
-288.53
-31.9
-360.23
-33.71
-431.18
-40.25
-786.43
-47.63
-1137.35
-53.14
-1443.9
-51.85
-1780.86
-53.05
-2134.83
-55.52
-2488.83
-58.65
-2839.63
-62.36
-3187.53
-66.91
-3531.39
-72.22
-3866.65
-76.01
-4181.22
-76.56
-4504.2
-77.7
-4839.36
-79.35
-5179.47
-81.64
-5518.33
-84.45
-5855.3
-87.9
-6189.12
-91.99
-6515.65
-95.51
-6829.57
-96.4
-7148.63
-96.88
-7477.82
-98.02
-7811.07
-99.75
-8144.56
-101.97
-8477.02
-104.69
-8807.34
-107.91
-9132.96
-111.01
-9450.13
-112.73
-9763.1
-113.59
-10081.84
-114.34
-10410.82
-115.61
-10741.42
Delay
µS
46.09
45.39
44.37
43.14
41.84
36.05
29.71
26.72
25.02
23.95
21.85
21.06
20.05
19.79
19.77
19.75
19.72
19.68
19.62
19.53
19.36
19.25
19.2
19.18
19.16
19.13
19.1
19.05
18.97
18.91
18.88
18.87
18.85
18.84
18.82
18.79
18.75
18.7
18.67
18.66
18.65
Impedance CO
Real
Imaginary
849.16
-337.7
599.81
-413.55
447.04
-381.14
362.72
-334.71
313.49
-295.24
221.68
-193.96
166.27
-128.31
144.93
-96.7
134.78
-79.15
127.46
-67.85
113.61
-39.05
109.54
-28.41
107.83
-22.8
106.7
-19.54
105.93
-17.35
105.32
-15.76
104.8
-14.57
104.32
-13.65
103.87
-12.91
103.49
-12.26
103.14
-11.71
102.79
-11.25
102.45
-10.86
102.18
-10.47
101.92
-10.12
101.66
-9.81
101.4
-9.54
101.15
-9.3
100.9
-9.09
100.74
-8.85
100.58
-8.63
100.42
-8.43
100.26
-8.25
100.11
-8.08
99.95
-7.93
99.8
-7.79
99.65
-7.66
99.5
-7.54
99.35
-7.42
99.25
-7.29
99.15
-7.17
139
Impedance NID
Real
Imaginary
796.36
-373.65
523.63
-412.69
380.84
-356.82
309.1
-301.07
269.8
-258.05
205.36
-155.78
173.47
-102.23
158.32
-82.93
148.81
-73.1
141.17
-67.32
105.02
-50.54
111.71
-11.52
106.63
-38.32
103.94
-9.99
109.6
-21.77
102.63
-15.57
105.29
-12.71
106.19
-15.52
100.5
-12.42
107.3
-11.11
100.31
-13.79
104.02
-8.94
102.59
-12.52
101.39
-9.86
102.58
-9.76
101.66
-10.66
100.65
-8.81
102.32
-9.51
99.83
-9.46
101.37
-8.15
100.48
-9.3
100.14
-8.07
100.6
-8.21
99.98
-8.4
99.76
-7.58
100.22
-7.96
99.2
-7.75
99.78
-7.25
99.3
-7.73
99.12
-7.11
99.32
-7.18
TIA-876
Table F18— xDSL Loop 9
Freq
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
550000
600000
650000
700000
750000
800000
850000
900000
950000
1000000
1050000
1100000
1150000
1200000
1250000
1300000
1350000
1400000
1450000
1500000
1550000
1600000
Attenuation
dB
-16.36
-16.86
-17.59
-18.45
-19.38
-23.73
-29.89
-33.9
-36.72
-38.8
-45.36
-50.47
-56.28
-63.85
-72.11
-72.89
-73.45
-75.6
-78.6
-81.55
-84.78
-88.24
-91.92
-95.3
-99.08
-103.47
-108.56
-113.22
-115.25
-115.61
-116.49
-117.97
-119.86
-122.04
-124.43
-127.03
-129.86
-132.99
-136.52
-140.05
-143.45
Phase
Deg
-21.07
-41.28
-60.1
-77.38
-93.27
-158.67
-261.41
-352.96
-441.22
-528.45
-965.42
-1407.56
-1850.57
-2287.34
-2690.08
-3085.98
-3511.36
-3940.49
-4366.99
-4793.81
-5217.78
-5639.03
-6057.69
-6479.21
-6898.66
-7314.57
-7722.48
-8115.39
-8503.41
-8909.67
-9322.62
-9736.96
-10150.77
-10563.52
-10975.08
-11385.45
-11794.55
-12202.03
-12606.88
-13013.35
-13411.62
Delay
µS
58.52
57.33
55.64
53.73
51.81
44.07
36.31
32.68
30.64
29.36
26.82
26.07
25.7
25.41
24.91
24.49
24.38
24.32
24.26
24.21
24.16
24.1
24.04
24
23.95
23.9
23.83
23.73
23.62
23.57
23.54
23.52
23.5
23.47
23.45
23.43
23.4
23.38
23.35
23.32
23.28
Impedance CO
Real
Imaginary
885.38
-448.37
568.53
-468.46
416.76
-398.56
342.24
-337.94
300.45
-293.79
219.26
-192.05
166.94
-126.79
145.83
-97.31
134.27
-79.65
127.22
-67.45
113.56
-39.12
109.61
-28.32
107.79
-22.81
106.73
-19.55
105.92
-17.35
105.32
-15.76
104.8
-14.57
104.32
-13.65
103.87
-12.91
103.5
-12.26
103.14
-11.71
102.79
-11.25
102.45
-10.86
102.18
-10.47
101.92
-10.12
101.66
-9.81
101.4
-9.54
101.15
-9.3
100.9
-9.09
100.74
-8.85
100.58
-8.63
100.42
-8.43
100.26
-8.25
100.11
-8.08
99.95
-7.93
99.8
-7.79
99.65
-7.66
99.5
-7.54
99.35
-7.42
99.25
-7.29
99.15
-7.17
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Impedance NID
Real
Imaginary
727.96
-515.14
401.44
-447.28
280.76
-351.01
227.76
-285.82
199.64
-242.48
147.55
-149.85
116.02
-97.23
104.06
-78.8
95.23
-71.02
87.38
-65.75
65.46
-55.75
45.53
-49.8
28.81
-38.37
18.62
-22
16.73
-3.94
22.78
12.18
34.88
23.03
49.81
26.73
64
23.14
74.72
13.73
79.6
0.76
77.94
-12.65
70.49
-23.54
59.09
-29.92
46.28
-30.4
34.87
-25.16
27.24
-15.58
24.79
-3.94
27.75
7.21
35.3
15.79
45.68
19.87
56.51
18.76
65.44
12.93
70.6
3.84
71.03
-6.43
66.83
-15.62
59.05
-21.83
49.48
-23.86
40.17
-21.45
32.93
-15.19
29.34
-6.49
Working Draft
140
TIA-876
Table F19— xDSL Loop10
Freq
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
550000
600000
650000
700000
750000
800000
850000
900000
950000
1000000
1050000
1100000
1150000
1200000
1250000
1300000
1350000
1400000
1450000
1500000
1550000
1600000
Attenuation
dB
-16.71
-17.21
-17.94
-18.79
-19.71
-24
-30.11
-34.21
-37.16
-39.37
-45.83
-49.94
-53.74
-57.64
-61.47
-65.2
-68.93
-72.67
-76.41
-79.8
-83.2
-86.62
-90.05
-92.95
-95.87
-98.79
-101.72
-104.66
-107.62
-110.02
-112.43
-114.85
-117.27
-119.69
-122.12
-124.56
-127
-129.45
-131.91
-133.95
-135.99
Phase
Deg
-20.36
-39.86
-57.98
-74.56
-89.75
-151.87
-248.84
-334.68
-416.6
-496.97
-896.2
-1299.95
-1705.46
-2111.17
-2514.49
-2917.1
-3317.23
-3714.73
-4109.49
-4504.21
-4896.68
-5286.88
-5674.75
-6064.23
-6451.94
-6837.87
-7222.01
-7604.36
-7984.89
-8370.85
-8755.73
-9139.51
-9522.21
-9903.81
-10284.31
-10663.7
-11041.97
-11419.12
-11795.15
-12176.49
-12557.16
Delay
µS
56.56
55.37
53.68
51.78
49.86
42.19
34.56
30.99
28.93
27.61
24.89
24.07
23.69
23.46
23.28
23.15
23.04
22.93
22.83
22.75
22.67
22.59
22.52
22.46
22.4
22.35
22.29
22.23
22.18
22.15
22.11
22.08
22.04
22.01
21.98
21.94
21.91
21.88
21.84
21.82
21.8
Impedance CO
Real
Imaginary
893.63
-483.36
558.25
-484.24
407.14
-403.71
335.16
-338.76
295.5
-292.76
219.28
-190.42
167.22
-127.1
145.67
-97.32
134.3
-79.58
127.25
-67.48
113.56
-39.12
109.61
-28.32
107.79
-22.81
106.73
-19.55
105.92
-17.35
105.32
-15.76
104.8
-14.57
104.32
-13.65
103.87
-12.91
103.5
-12.26
103.14
-11.71
102.79
-11.25
102.45
-10.86
102.18
-10.47
101.92
-10.12
101.66
-9.81
101.4
-9.54
101.15
-9.3
100.9
-9.09
100.74
-8.85
100.58
-8.63
100.42
-8.43
100.26
-8.25
100.11
-8.08
99.95
-7.93
99.8
-7.79
99.65
-7.66
99.5
-7.54
99.35
-7.42
99.25
-7.29
99.15
-7.17
141
Impedance NID
Real
Imaginary
863.01
-500.7
521.78
-485.66
374.92
-399.5
306.12
-333.37
268.3
-287.37
194.49
-185.46
144.17
-120.34
124.3
-89.14
114.37
-70.22
108.69
-57.08
102.64
-25.43
105.84
-15.72
108.11
-14.21
107.58
-14.94
105.25
-15
102.96
-13.64
101.72
-11.56
101.67
-9.79
102.21
-8.99
102.68
-9.1
102.31
-9.63
101.25
-9.8
100.12
-9.27
99.63
-8.23
99.81
-7.37
100.25
-7.11
100.42
-7.4
100.02
-7.77
99.29
-7.78
98.72
-7.3
98.58
-6.63
98.82
-6.19
99.11
-6.18
99.12
-6.44
98.76
-6.65
98.25
-6.55
97.91
-6.16
97.87
-5.74
98.05
-5.53
98.23
-5.6
98.17
-5.8
TIA-876
Table F20— xDSL Loop 11
Freq
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
550000
600000
650000
700000
750000
800000
850000
900000
950000
1000000
1050000
1100000
1150000
1200000
1250000
1300000
1350000
1400000
1450000
1500000
1550000
1600000
Attenuation
dB
-17.65
-18.4
-19.45
-20.61
-21.8
-27.06
-34.44
-39.42
-43.03
-45.78
-55.48
-65.32
-69.07
-75.13
-82.54
-84
-86.26
-90.37
-92.48
-94.13
-97.06
-100.92
-105.66
-110.83
-116.15
-120.22
-124.63
-129.06
-131.62
-133.05
-135
-136.42
-137.54
-139.34
-141.89
-145.17
-149.15
-153.43
-157.22
-160.35
-163.47
Phase
Deg
-25.75
-49.93
-71.79
-91.39
-109.13
-181.51
-295.61
-396.64
-493.24
-588.28
-1063.11
-1517.22
-1968.83
-2435.14
-2875.21
-3310.75
-3769.98
-4221.43
-4664.59
-5123.8
-5584.29
-6042.64
-6497.32
-6950.08
-7389.67
-7825.54
-8261.13
-8686.37
-9107.6
-9544.24
-9981.38
-10416.58
-10857.58
-11302.22
-11746.97
-12189.91
-12628.76
-13060.35
-13486.58
-13918.7
-14346.61
Delay
µS
71.52
69.34
66.48
63.46
60.63
50.42
41.06
36.73
34.25
32.68
29.53
28.1
27.34
27.06
26.62
26.28
26.18
26.06
25.91
25.88
25.85
25.82
25.78
25.74
25.66
25.57
25.5
25.4
25.3
25.25
25.21
25.16
25.13
25.12
25.1
25.08
25.06
25.02
24.98
24.94
24.91
Impedance CO
Real
Imaginary
878.23
-563.45
523.18
-495.36
389.95
-396.08
329.24
-329.65
294.99
-285.94
220.46
-190.93
167.09
-127.02
145.7
-97.33
134.28
-79.58
127.25
-67.47
113.56
-39.12
109.61
-28.32
107.79
-22.81
106.73
-19.55
105.92
-17.35
105.32
-15.76
104.8
-14.57
104.32
-13.65
103.87
-12.91
103.5
-12.26
103.14
-11.71
102.79
-11.25
102.45
-10.86
102.18
-10.47
101.92
-10.12
101.66
-9.81
101.4
-9.54
101.15
-9.3
100.9
-9.09
100.74
-8.85
100.58
-8.63
100.42
-8.43
100.26
-8.25
100.11
-8.08
99.95
-7.93
99.8
-7.79
99.65
-7.66
99.5
-7.54
99.35
-7.42
99.25
-7.29
99.15
-7.17
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Impedance NID
Real
Imaginary
681.47
-612.39
348.37
-466.13
244.09
-356.35
198.13
-291.46
171.74
-250.37
112.26
-160.05
74.3
-99.12
60.97
-73.6
53.94
-59.71
49.11
-51.1
29.76
-27.57
21.98
-0.51
31.71
25.33
64.63
51.16
145.19
-1.9
64.63
-63.78
32.17
-35.12
27.19
-12.63
34.17
3.28
47.45
9.18
59.64
2.58
58.7
-10.99
47.04
-15.63
36.53
-9.37
33.37
3.58
40.83
17.6
62.23
24.72
87.08
1.14
68.26
-29.46
44.25
-25.71
35.68
-12.89
37.11
-1.61
44.28
4.06
51.98
2.24
53.83
-4.83
48.34
-9.38
41.27
-7.11
37.96
0.52
41.49
9.83
53.43
15.42
69.32
6.83
Working Draft
142
TIA-876
Table F21— xDSL Loop 12
Freq
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
550000
600000
650000
700000
750000
800000
850000
900000
950000
1000000
1050000
1100000
1150000
1200000
1250000
1300000
1350000
1400000
1450000
1500000
1550000
1600000
Attenuation
dB
-18.2
-19.33
-20.77
-22.24
-23.66
-29.36
-36.82
-41.77
-45.33
-47.99
-57.03
-65.67
-72.68
-72.68
-75.29
-79.09
-83.56
-88.61
-94.5
-101.03
-106.06
-107.83
-110.22
-112.91
-116.24
-120.12
-124.61
-129.77
-134.36
-136.11
-137.46
-139.47
-142.08
-145.18
-148.78
-152.88
-156.86
-159.46
-161.2
-162.7
-164.7
Phase
Deg
-30.04
-57.02
-80.16
-100.12
-117.85
-189.9
-306.42
-411.21
-511.9
-611.29
-1107.59
-1602.15
-2053.91
-2535.44
-3033.79
-3531.49
-4025.37
-4515.41
-5000.3
-5476.81
-5931.55
-6394.1
-6867.89
-7347.17
-7824.61
-8299.47
-8770.55
-9233.74
-9683.58
-10140.59
-10607.28
-11077.67
-11547.92
-12016.71
-12482.98
-12944.15
-13396.45
-13844.19
-14297.26
-14762.5
-15229.11
Delay
µS
83.43
79.2
74.22
69.53
65.47
52.75
42.56
38.08
35.55
33.96
30.77
29.67
28.53
28.17
28.09
28.03
27.95
27.87
27.78
27.66
27.46
27.33
27.25
27.21
27.17
27.12
27.07
27
26.9
26.83
26.79
26.76
26.73
26.7
26.67
26.63
26.58
26.52
26.48
26.46
26.44
Impedance CO
Real
Imaginary
817.77
-582.04
493.16
-462.12
386.23
-364.38
336.68
-306.99
306.42
-271.4
227.11
-193.24
166.17
-128.99
144.65
-97.02
134.35
-78.88
127.75
-67.41
113.83
-39.3
109.5
-28.58
107.63
-22.73
106.77
-19.47
105.96
-17.36
105.33
-15.78
104.8
-14.58
104.31
-13.65
103.86
-12.91
103.49
-12.25
103.14
-11.71
102.79
-11.26
102.45
-10.86
102.18
-10.47
101.92
-10.12
101.66
-9.81
101.4
-9.54
101.15
-9.3
100.9
-9.09
100.74
-8.85
100.58
-8.63
100.42
-8.43
100.26
-8.25
100.11
-8.08
99.95
-7.93
99.8
-7.79
99.65
-7.66
99.5
-7.54
99.35
-7.42
99.25
-7.29
99.15
-7.17
143
Impedance NID
Real
Imaginary
821.39
-582.19
495.56
-464.01
387.61
-366.52
337.39
-309.09
306.62
-273.39
226.12
-194.09
165.66
-128.39
145.08
-96.58
134.77
-79.25
127.42
-67.81
113.63
-39.07
109.53
-28.39
107.83
-22.82
106.71
-19.53
105.92
-17.35
105.32
-15.76
104.8
-14.57
104.32
-13.65
103.87
-12.91
103.49
-12.26
103.14
-11.71
102.79
-11.25
102.45
-10.86
102.18
-10.47
101.92
-10.12
101.66
-9.81
101.4
-9.54
101.15
-9.3
100.9
-9.09
100.74
-8.85
100.58
-8.63
100.42
-8.43
100.26
-8.25
100.11
-8.08
99.95
-7.93
99.8
-7.79
99.65
-7.66
99.5
-7.54
99.35
-7.42
99.25
-7.29
99.15
-7.17
TIA-876
Table F22— xDSL Loop 13
Freq
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
500000
550000
600000
650000
700000
750000
800000
850000
900000
950000
1000000
1050000
1100000
1150000
1200000
1250000
1300000
1350000
1400000
1450000
1500000
1550000
1600000
Attenuation
dB
-18.82
-20.1
-21.68
-23.3
-24.84
-31.16
-39.65
-45.34
-49.55
-52.82
-64.22
-68.4
-70.89
-75.38
-81.06
-87.8
-92.74
-95.77
-99.85
-104.52
-110.06
-115.1
-118.5
-121.36
-125.04
-129.44
-133.97
-137.46
-140.46
-143.2
-146.57
-150.29
-153.6
-156.19
-158.82
-161.93
-165.46
-168.99
-172
-174.16
-176.54
Phase
Deg
-32.95
-62.33
-87.39
-109.01
-128.25
-206.61
-331.55
-442.88
-549.42
-653.86
-1161.9
-1656.3
-2181.68
-2713.19
-3240.14
-3757.06
-4256
-4764.76
-5278.52
-5792.52
-6298.51
-6791.67
-7284.73
-7788.38
-8292.02
-8791.11
-9281.59
-9767.17
-10256.04
-10755.76
-11253.96
-11747.14
-12234.74
-12722.73
-13213.52
-13704.31
-14192.09
-14674.96
-15155.18
-15644.95
-16136.38
Delay
µS
91.52
86.57
80.92
75.7
71.25
57.39
46.05
41.01
38.15
36.33
32.28
30.67
30.3
30.15
30
29.82
29.56
29.41
29.33
29.26
29.16
29.02
28.91
28.85
28.79
28.73
28.65
28.56
28.49
28.45
28.42
28.37
28.32
28.27
28.23
28.2
28.16
28.11
28.07
28.04
28.01
Impedance CO
Real
Imaginary
824.51
-626.12
491.27
-481.48
384.34
-378.19
333.45
-318.62
301.5
-281.07
220.82
-193.1
166.85
-126.64
145.87
-97.35
134.22
-79.66
127.23
-67.41
113.53
-39.13
109.61
-28.33
107.8
-22.81
106.73
-19.54
105.92
-17.35
105.32
-15.76
104.8
-14.57
104.32
-13.65
103.87
-12.91
103.5
-12.26
103.14
-11.71
102.79
-11.25
102.45
-10.86
102.18
-10.47
101.92
-10.12
101.66
-9.81
101.4
-9.54
101.15
-9.3
100.9
-9.09
100.74
-8.85
100.58
-8.63
100.42
-8.43
100.26
-8.25
100.11
-8.08
99.95
-7.93
99.8
-7.79
99.65
-7.66
99.5
-7.54
99.35
-7.42
99.25
-7.29
99.15
-7.17
Copyright 1999 TIA -- All Rights Reserved
Impedance NID
Real
Imaginary
727.64
-628.8
419.6
-454.1
328.14
-349.47
285.42
-291.74
258.55
-256.25
187.44
-175.87
135.14
-111.55
116.86
-77.89
110.81
-56.84
109.86
-43.98
113.44
-23.86
108.03
-23.01
104.25
-16.52
105.71
-13.66
104.75
-14.02
102.93
-12.26
103.23
-10.65
103.11
-10.87
101.84
-10.48
101.58
-9.33
101.72
-9.19
100.98
-9.19
100.43
-8.48
100.61
-8.12
100.3
-8.2
99.8
-7.79
99.8
-7.39
99.68
-7.45
99.22
-7.29
99.15
-6.89
99.18
-6.83
98.9
-6.78
98.72
-6.48
98.74
-6.35
98.57
-6.36
98.33
-6.18
98.3
-6
98.21
-6.01
97.98
-5.92
97.92
-5.73
97.92
-5.68
Working Draft
144