CP Biology Midterm Review
Scientific Method
1. Define the following terms:
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Control
Constant variables
Quantitative Observation
Qualitative Observation
2. An experiment was designed to test the effect of sugar on the heartbeat of rats. Two
groups of rats were used. Every two hours rats from both groups were selected and their
heartbeats were checked. The rats of group one were given one dose of sugar five minutes
before the heartbeat was checked.
a. Independent variable b. Dependent variable –
c. Control –
3. List the steps of the scientific method in order and explain the steps.
Question to investigate AFTER making observations.
Research
A testable prediction
Experiment
Data
Conclusion
4. Describe Quantitative vs. Qualitative Data:
5. You are a scientist who has access to a chemical (Chemical X) that changes color from purple
to orange as it is exposed to carbon dioxide. If you wanted to find the most abundant gas given
off by animals or plants how would you test it? Design the experiment: you have a sunflower, a
chipmonk, and a control, and 3 tanks.
What is your hypothesis:
Design the experiment:
What results do you expect in each tank? Why?
Basic Biology
1) Define Autotroph:
2) Give an example of an autotroph:
3) Define Heterotroph:
4) Give an example of a heterotroph:
5) What is the difference between an autrotroph and heterotroph?
6) What is metabolism?
7) List the characteristics of life. Something is LIVING if it has ALL characteristics.
1)
Example:
2)
Example:
3)
Example:
4)
Example:
5)
Example:
8) What is homeostasis?
Chemistry of Life
1. Define organic:
2. All living things are made up of 6 essential elements: CHONPS. Name the six elements of life.
C
H
O
N
P
S
3. Elements join together by chemical bonds to form compounds. Name 4 types of chemical
bonds.
4. Carbon is in all living things. How many bonds does carbon form? _____.
5. Pair the monomor of each macromolecule with its polymer.
6. There are 4 major categories of organic molecules that are made up of the CHONPS elements.
Complete the following chart on the “BIG 4”.
Monomer:
LIPIDS
Monomer:
Polymer:
Polymer:
Function:
Function:
Examples:
Examples:
CARBOHYDRATES
PROTEINS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Monomer:
Monomer:
Polymer:
Polymer:
Function:
Function:
Examples:
Examples:
Reminder:
7. Define chemical reaction:
8. Write an example of a chemical reaction and label the reactants and products.
9. Define enzyme –
10. Define activation energy –
11. Define a substrate and draw how it binds with its enzyme.
12. Give an example of a substrate enzyme pair:
13. What is a catalyst?
14. How does an enzyme affect the activation energy for a chemical reaction?
15. Any factors that affect the shape of an enzyme affect the enzyme’s activity. What effect does
pH and temperature have on an enzymes ability to catalyze (speed up) a reaction?
Draw a graph expected for increasing pH and enzyme activity
Draw a graph expected for increasing temperature and enzyme activity
3. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Give examples of each.
4. Draw the structure of the cell membrane. What is it called?
1. Identify the hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions of a phospholipid.
2. What is the difference between active and passive transport?
3. Explain how diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion work.
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated
Diffusion
4. Explain the types of active transport.
5. Write the chemical formula for photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis: Sunlight + ______ + CO2 ------> C6H12O6 + ______
Cellular Respiration: Which type? _______________________
____________+ O2 -------> H2O + _______ + 38 ATP
6. Define photosynthesis:
7. Define cellular respiration:
8. Describe the steps to cellular respiration:
9. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
10. What is ATP? Label the parts.
ATP is _______________________________
What is different about ADP?
11. What happens when a phosphate group is removed from ATP?
ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY
1. Describe the levels of structural organization in the human body.
Cells  tissue  ___________ _______________ organism
2. Complete the charts with the missing information.
Function:
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Path of Food:
Mouth –
Pharynx –
Esophagus –
Stomach –
Small intestines –
Large intestines –
Rectum –
Circulatory System
Function:
Path of blood
Heart:
Arteries:
Capillaries –
Veins –
Function:
Respiratory System
Path of oxygen/carbon dioxide:
Nose –
Pharynx –
Larynx –
Trachea –
Lungs –
Alveoli –
Red Blood Cells –
3. The organ systems of the human body work closely together to maintain the health of the
entire body. An organism who can not maintain homeostasis within all its systems will die.
Explain how the circulatory system, respiratory system and digestive system, work together to
help you maintain homeostasis and keep a constant flow of energy and oxygen.