Chapter 6 Power Point Lecture Notes
The Human Population and Its Impact
Name: ________________________________________ Date: ___________________ Assignment #________
1.
6-1 How Many People Can the Earth Support? a.
Concept 6-1 We do not know how long we can continue increasing the earth’s carrying capacity for humans without seriously degrading the life-support system that keeps us and many other species alive.
2.
Core Case Study: Slowing Population Growth in China: A Success Story a.
_________________________ b.
Promotes one-child families i.
________________________________________________________________________ c.
Fast-growing economy d.
Serious resource and __________________________________________________
3.
Crowded Street in China
4.
Human Population Growth Continues but It Is Unevenly Distributed (1) a.
Reasons for human population increase i.
Movement into new habitats and climate zones ii.
Early and modern agriculture methods iii.
Control of __________________________________________________
1.
Sanitation systems
2.
Antibiotics
3.
Vaccines
4.
Health care iv.
Most population growth over last 100 years due to drop in death rates
5.
Human Population Growth Continues but It Is Unevenly Distributed (2) a.
Population growth in developing countries is increasing _________________________ than developed countries b.
2050 i.
95% of growth in developing countries ii.
7.8-10.8 billion people c.
Should the optimum sustainable population be based on cultural ________________________?
6.
Human Population Growth
7.
Population Time Line: 10,000 BC - 2042
8.
Annual Growth Rate of World Population, 1950-2010
9.
Science Focus: Projecting Population Change a.
Why range of 7.8-10.8 billion for 2050? b.
Demographers must: i.
Determine __________________________________________________ ii.
Make __________________________________________________ iii.
Deal ___________________________________________________________________
10.
World Population Projections to 2050
11.
Science Focus: How Long Can The Human Population Keep Growing? a.
Thomas Malthus and population growth: 1798 b.
Overpopulation and overconsumption c.
Will technology increase human carrying capacity? ___________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ d.
Can the human population grow indefinitely?
________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
12.
6-2 What Factors Influence the Size of the Human Population? a.
Concept 6-2A Population size increases because of births and immigration, and decreases through deaths and emigration.

b.
Concept 6-2B The average number of children born to women in a population (total fertility rate) is the key factor that determines population size.
13.
The Human Population Can Grow, Decline, or Remain Fairly Stable a.
Population change i.
Births: _________________________ ii.
Deaths: _________________________ iii.
Migration b.
Population change = (births + immigration) – (deaths + emigration) c.
_________________________ : # live births/1000/year d.
_________________________ : # deaths/1000/year
14.
Women Having Fewer Babies but Not Few Enough to Stabilize the World’s Population a.
Fertility rate i.
number of children born to a woman _________________________________________ b.
Replacement-level fertility rate i.
Average number of children a couple _________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________ ii.
2.1 in developed countries iii.
Up to 2.5 in developing countries
15.
Total fertility rate (TFR) a.
Average number of children born to women in a population
16.
Total fertility rate, 1955-2010
17.
Case Study: The U.S. Population Is Growing Rapidly a.
Population still growing and not leveling off i.
76 million in 1900 ii.
310 million in 2010 b.
Drop in TFR in U.S. i.
Rate of population growth has slowed c.
Changes in lifestyle in the U.S. during the 20 th
century
18.
Several Factors Affect Birth Rates and Fertility Rates (1) a.
Children as part of the labor force b.
Cost of __________________________________________________ children c.
Availability of private and public pension d.
Urbanization e.
Educational and __________________________________________________
19.
Several Factors Affect Birth Rates and Fertility Rates (2) a.
Average age of __________________________________________________ b.
Availability of __________________________________________________ c.
Availability of __________________________________________________ d.
Religious beliefs, __________________________________________________
20.
Several Factors Affect Death Rates (1) a.
__________________________________________________ b.
__________________________________________________ i.
Number of live births that die in first year c.
Why are people living longer? i.
__________________________________________________ ii.
Better nutrition iii.
Medical advances iv.
Improved sanitation
21.
Several Factors Affect Death Rates (2) a.
U.S. is 54 th in world for infant mortality rate b.
U.S. infant mortality rate high due to

i.
Inadequate health care for __________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________ ii.
Drug __________________________________________________ iii.
High birth rate among teenagers
22.
Migration Affects an Area’s Population Size a.
Economic improvement b.
Religious freedom c.
Political freedom d.
Wars e.
Environmental refugees
23.
Case Study: The United States: A Nation of Immigrants a.
Historical role of immigration in the U.S. b.
__________________________________________________ c.
_________________________________________________ d.
Controversy over immigration policy
24.
6-3 How Does a Population’s Age Structure Affect Its Growth or Decline?
25.
Concept 6-3 The numbers of males and females in young, middle, and older age groups determine how fast a population grows or declines.
26.
A Population’s Age Structure Helps Us Make Projections a.
Age structure categories i.
Prereproductive ages _________________________ ii.
Reproductive ages _________________________ iii.
Postreproductive ages _________________________ b.
Seniors are the fastest-growing age group
27.
Case Study: The American Baby Boom a.
79 million people, 36% of adults b.
Affect politics and economics c.
Now becoming senior citizens i.
Graying of America
28.
Populations Made Up of Mostly Older People Can Decline Rapidly a.
Slow decline i.
Manageable b.
Rapid decline i.
Severe economic problems ii.
How __________________________________________________ iii.
Proportionally __________________________________________________ iv.
Labor shortages c.
Severe social problems
29.
Populations Can Decline from a Rising Death Rate: The AIDS Tragedy a.
27 million killed: 1981-2009 b.
Many young adults die: __________________________________________________ c.
Sharp drop in life expectancy d.
International community i.
Reduce the __________________________________________________ ii.
Financial assistance and volunteers
30.
6-4 How Can We Slow Human Population Growth? a.
Concept 6-4 We can slow human population growth by reducing poverty, elevating the status of women, and encouraging family planning.
31.
As Countries Develop, Their Populations Tend to Grow More Slowly a.
Demographic transition i.
_________________________ ii.
_________________________

b.
Four stages i.
Preindustrial ii.
Transitional iii.
Industrial iv.
Postindustrial
32.
Empowering Women Can Slow Population Growth a.
Factors that _________________________ total fertility rates: i.
Education ii.
Paying jobs iii.
Ability to control fertility b.
Women i.
Do most of the __________________________________________________ ii.
Provide unpaid _________________________ iii.
__________________________________________________ of world’s income iv.
Discriminated against __________________________________________________
33.
Promote Family Planning a.
Family planning in less-developed countries i.
Responsible for a 55% drop in TFRs ii.
Financial benefits: ________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________ b.
Two problems i.
42% pregnancies unplanned, ________________________________________________ ii.
Many couples __________________________________________________
34.
Case Study: Slowing Population
Growth in India a.
1.2 billion people, most populous country in 2015 b.
Problems i.
Poverty ii.
Malnutrition iii.
Environmental degradation iv.
Bias toward __________________________________________________ v.
Poor couples __________________________________________________ vi.
Only 48% of couples use family planning
35.
Three Big Ideas a.
The human population is increasing rapidly and may soon bump up against environmental limits. b.
Even if population growth were not a serious problem, the increasing use of resources per person is expanding the overall human ecological footprint and putting a strain on the earth’s resources. c.
We can slow population growth __________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________