Chapter 4 – The Properties of Fluids
Pages 100 - 139
Section 4.1 – A Close-Up Look at Fluid Flow (page 101 - 104)
1. Define fluids and state what is considered a fluid:
2. Why do fluids flow?
3. Define flow rate:
4. What are the three states of matter?
5. State three points of the kinetic molecular theory.



6. What causes a substance to change its state?
7. Particles in a solid are packed so close together they can only
.
Particles in a liquid can
and move
Particles in a gas can
and move
8. _
is the process of a solid changing to a liquid. _
is the process of a solid changing directly to a gas.
9. _
is the process of a liquid changing to a gas. _
is the process of a liquid changing to a solid.
10. _
is the process of a gas changing to a liquid. _
is the process of a gas changing to a solid.
and move
11. Explain how the terms evaporation and condensation are related.
12. What is the opposite of each of the following terms:
 Evaporation –
 Solidification –
 Sublimation –
1
13. Use the kinetic molecular theory to explain why solids do not flow.
Section 4.2 – Fluid Flow around Objects (pages 105 – 106) – Use Textbook for this
1. Describe how laminar flow is different from turbulent flow.
2. List some examples of laminar flow.
3. List some examples of turbulent flow.
4. What is the difference between drag and streamline.
Section 4.3 – Viscosity: A Property of Fluids (pages 107 – 108)
1. Define viscosity:
2. Answer each question to explain the reason for different viscosities.
a) The property of fluids that makes the particles hold together because they are
attracted to each other is called?
b) The attraction between particles of a fluid and another substance so that the fluid
clings to it is called?
c) The water particles at the surface attract each other in a way that makes the
surface act like a skin. This effect is called?
3. What is the unit for viscosity? In Science 8, how will you describe viscosity?
4. Make a list of substances that are useful because of their viscosity. Complete Table 1
found below.
Substance
Vinegar
Viscosity
Very thin
Usefulness of the Viscosity
Easy to sprinkle or mix with other substances
Table 1
5. How does temperature affect viscosity?
6. How does the thickness of a fluid compare with its viscosity? Give an example.
2
7. What does the viscosity of a substance tell you about its flow rate?
8. “Molasses has high viscosity”. Explain what this statement means.
9. Television commercials advertising motor oils often use the phrase “our oil resists
thermal viscosity breakdown”.
a) What does the word thermal mean?
b) What does breakdown mean?
c) Explain what they are saying based on what you have learned about viscosity.
10. Part(s) of each statement below is false. Rewrite each statement to make it true.
a) As the viscosity of a fluid decreases, its flow rate decreases.
b) Molasses has the lower viscosity than water.
c) As a liquid is heated, its viscosity increases.
d) A thicker fluid is less resistant to flow than a thin fluid. Therefore, it flows
faster than a thinner fluid.
Section 4.5 – Measuring Matter: Mass, Weight, and Volume (pages 113 – 115)
1. Matter is anything which has
and
.
2. Define mass and state its units.
3. Use the following information to answer questions a) and b): 1000 grams (g) = 1 kilograms
(kg)
a) To convert grams to kg, divide the number of g by
 3000 g =
kg
 210 g =
kg
 52 g =
kg
b) To convert kilograms to g, multiply the number of kg by
 0.7 kg =
g
 13 kg =
g
4. Explain the difference between mass and weight.
5. Explain how you find mass using an indirect measurement.
6. Define volume and state its units.
3
7. Use the following information to answer questions a) and b): 1000 milliliters (mL) = 1 liter
(L) and 1 mL = 1 cm3
a) To convert mL to L, divide the number of mL by
 3000 mL =
L
3
 112 cm =
mL =
L
3
 15 cm =
mL
b) To convert L to mL, multiply the number of L by
 2L=
mL =
cm3
 0.15 L =
mL =
cm3
8. What formula can we use to measure the volume of a rectangular solid object? What
type of measurement is this?
9. Calculate the volume of a rectangular solid with the length of 5 cm, a width of 6 cm, and a
height of 3 cm? Show your work.
10. What is the volume of a textbook that is 10 cm wide x 15 cm long x 3 cm thick? Show
your work.
11. When using a graduated cylinder, the liquid is measured at the bottom of the level of the
liquid. This is a
surface called the
.
12. What formula is used to calculate the volume of an irregular object? What type of
measurement is this and what is it called?
13. A graduated cylinder contains 30 mL of water. A stone is carefully slipped into the
cylinder. He level of the water reaches 48 mL. What is the volume of the stone? Show
your work.
14. A diamond has the volume of 22 mL. When placed in water, the water had risen to 42 mL.
What level was the water initially in the graduated cylinder? Show your work.
Section 4.7 – Density: Another Property of Fluids (pages 119 – 122)
1. Define density and state its units:
2. What is the formula for density?
3. What is the density of water and what does it mean?
4. What is the approximate density of ice?
4
5. Why does ice float in water?
6. Suppose that alcohol, glycerol, water, and gasoline are placed in a tall container. What
order would you expect to find them starting from the bottom of the container to the
top?
7. Gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm3. Will it float or sink in water? Why?
8. The volume of a rock was determined by the displacement method to be 550 cm3. It has
a mass of 55 g. Calculate the density of the rock. Show your work.
9. An unknown substance found below is measured and weighed. It has a mass of 200 grams.
What is its density?
a)
Mass = 200 grams
Volume= l x w x h
= ______________cm3
b)
Density = mass/volume
=
grams/ __________ cm3
= _________________ g/cm3
8.2 cm
2.0 cm
4.5 cm
c) Will this object sink or float in water? ______________
Why? ____________
d) What might this material be given the list of known densities in
Table 1?
Table 2. Some
known densities of
metals
Metal
Density
Aluminum 2.7 g/cm3
Copper
8.9 g/cm3
Titanium 4.5 g/cm3
Mercury 13.8
g/cm3
Brass
8.4 g/cm3
Steel
7.9 g/cm3
10. A sample of ironwood has a volume of 3500 cm3 and a density of 1.2 g/cm3. What is the
mass of the ironwood? Show your work.
11. A titanium bicycle frame has a mass of 3000 grams. What volume of titanium would you
need to pour into the mold to make this frame? Titanium density is 4.5 g/cm3. Show your
work.
Section 4.10 – The Ups and Downs of Buoyancy (pages 127 – 129)
1. Define buoyancy and give two examples:
2. What other force acts on an object in fluid?
5
3. Explain Archimedes’ principle.
4. How can you modify a dense solid substance to make it float in a less dense fluid?
Section 4.11 – How and Why Do Things Float (pages 130 – 132)
1. Explain how positive, neutral, and negative buoyancy occurs in liquids.
2. Give examples of real-life situations that have positive, neutral, and negative
buoyant forces.
Section 4.12 – How Does Temperature Affect Viscosity and Density? (pages 133 – 135)
1. Fill in the Table 3 by adding increase or decrease to indicate how each property changes
with temperature.
Volume
Density
Viscosity
Buoyancy
Temperature
Increases
Temperature
Decreases
Table 3
2. Use the terms mass, volume, and density to compare gases, liquids, and solids in terms of
the kinetic molecular theory of matter.
6