Trinidad and Tobago Invasive Alien Species (IAS)
Type
Scientific Name
amphibian Eleutherodactylus johnstonei
Common Name
Status
Source
Established
{30}
Established and used as a food source at the Wild Fowl Trust, leaves, insects and crustaceans in
the roots are eaten by waterfowls. It is also used as a water purifier, it absorbs large amounts of
dangerous pollutants (including mercury and lead) from the water and helps keep any water area
clean. This plant is useful but can have invasive tendencies if not managed efficiently.
{20}
{21}
Accidental introduction in 2006, this pest is a threat to the native biodiversity (Nariva swamp) and
the coconut industry.
Widespread with on-going severe impacts on property, and potentially to human health, resulting
from their faecal matter/droppings.
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
{1},{8}
Non native, introduced and established
{60}
Non native, introduced and may be established in some ecosystems
{30}
Established and may be invasive
Non native, introduced but did not survive
Established in some ecosystems and may be invasive
Non native introduced, but not established. May be invasive
Established in some ecosystems and may be invasive
Established in some ecosystems and may be invasive
Established in some ecosystems and may be invasive
{42}
{1}
{55}
{1}
{55}
{55}
{57}
Non native, introduced but did not survive
{1}
aquatic
Eichhornia crassipes
Whistling Frog; Fluitkikker
(Curacao)
Water Hyacinth
arachnid
Raoiella indica
Red Palm Mite
bird
Columba livia
Feral Pigeon
bird
bird
bird
bird
bird
bird
bird
Aratinga pertinax
Estrilda astrild
Forpus passerinus
Pitangus sulphuratus
Pitangus sulphuratus
Porphyrula flavirostris
Streptopelia decaocta
Brown-Throated Parakeet
Common Waxbill
Green-Rumped Parrotlet
Great Kiskadee
Great Kiskadee
Azure Gallinule
Eurasian Collared Dove;
Collared Dove
Malaysian Prawns,
Scampi, Cherabin
Australian Red Claw
Crayfish
crustacean Macrobrachium rosenbergii
crustacean Cherax quadricarinatus
fern
fish
fish
fish
fish
fish
fish
fish
Adiantum raddianum
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Poecilia sphenops
Cichla ocellaris
Copella arnoldi
Hemibrycon ocellifer
Corydoras melanistius
Rainbow Trout
Liberty Molly
Peacock Bass
Splashing Tetra
Head And Tail Light Tetra
Blue Spotted Or Spotted
Corydoras
Ictalurus punctatus I. nebulosus Channel Catfish
{1},{4}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
fish
Tilapia hybrid
fish
fish
fish
fish
fish
fish
fish
fish
fish
Cyprinus carpio
Ctenopharyngodon idella
Pyrrhulina laeta
Oreochromis niloticus
Copina arnoldi
Poecilia sphenops
Nannostomus unifasciatus
Cyprinus carpio
Oreochromis mossambicus
fungus
fungus
Puccinia psidii
Mycosphaerella fijiensis
grass
grass
Cyperus rotundus
Axonopus compressus
grass
Brachiaria mutica
grass
grass
Brachiaria platyphylla
Cynodon dactylon
grass
Digitaria horizontalis
grass
grass
Echinochloa colonum
Eleusine indica
grass
grass
grass
grass
grass
Paspalum fasciculatum
Paspalum conjugatum
Paspalum paniculatum
Rottboellia cochinchinensis
Sporobolus indicus
grass
Desmodium frutescens
Jamaican Red Hybrid
Tilapia
Mirror Carp
Grass Carp
Half Banded Pyrrhulina
Nile Or Silver Tilapia
Splashing Tetra
Liberty Molly
Pencil Fish
Common Carp
Java Or Mozambique
Tilapia
Guava Rust
Black Sigatoka
Nut Grass
Savanna Grass, Carpet
Grass, Flat Grass
Paragrass
Wild Or White Para
Bermuda, Bahama Or
Devil Grass
Finger Grass/Jamaica Crab
Grass
Jungle Rice
Foul Root, Iron, Yard,
Goose Grass
Bull Grass, Bamboo Grass
Sour Grass
Galmarra Grass
Corn Grass
Tapia, Drop Seed, Hay
Grass
Non native, introduced and may become invasive. Hybridization will be lost.
{58}
Non native, introduced but did not survive.
Non native, introduced but did not survive
Established in some ecosystems and may be invasive
Non native, introduced and may be invasive
Established in some ecosystems and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Non native, introduced but did not survive
Non native, introduced and kept as ornamentals. May be invasive
Non native, introduced in 1949. Established and invasive
{30}
{59}
{56}
{56}
{30}
{30}
{55}
{56}
{1}
Non native, but has not had a general impact
Accidental introduction in 2003. Considered to be invasive and may decimate the already
struggling Banana industry.
Widespread and has become invasive
Established and maybe invasive
{1}
{10}
Provides economic and technical needs to override its disadvantages
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
{36}
{65}
{37}
{38}
Established and may be invasive
{37}
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
{40}
{41}
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
{43}
{41}
Established and may be invasive
{35}
{42}
{1},{5}
{35}
{44}
{45}
grass
grass
Setaria poiretiana
Rottboellia cochinchinensis
Sugarcane Weed
grass
Urochloa maxima
Guinea Grass
grass
Panicum fasciculatum
grass
herb
herb
herb
herb
Bambusa vulgaris
Alternanthera ficoidea
Amaranthus dubius
Asclepias curassavica
Bidens pilosa
herb
herb
herb
herb
herb
herb
herb
herb
Blechum
brownei/pyramidatum
Boerhaavia diffusa
Caladium bicolor
Caperonia palustris
Cleome ciliata
Commelina diffusa
Drymaria cordata
Eclipta alba
Bud Seed Grass, Top
Millest, Browntop
Singlegrass
Bamboo (Jamaica);
Crab Weed
Bhagi
Red Top/ Head
Railway Daisy, Spanish
Needle
John Bush, Wild Hops
Invasive, introduction date unknown. Displaces native plants from fertile soil, and is resistant to
drought and fire.
Established and may be invasive
{37}
{1}
{32}
{1}
{30}
{41}
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and maybe invasive
Established and may be invasive
{30}
{1}
{42}
{42}
{42}
Established and may be invasive
{42}
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
{47}
{42}
{42}
{42}
{42}
{42}
{42}
herb
Emilia sonchifolia
Established and may be invasive
{42}
herb
herb
Eryngium foetidum
Eupatorium odoratum
Established and cultivated
Established and may be invasive
{49}
{50}
herb
herb
herb
herb
herb
Euphorbia hirta
Euphorbia hypericifolia
Heliotropium indicum
Hyptis atrorubens
Jussieua linifolia
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Scorpion Weed, Wild Clary Established and may be invasive
Ground Mint
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
{37}
{37}
{42}
{37}
{52}
White Eddoe
Artist's Pallet
Water Grass
Chick Weed
Eclipta, False Daisy,
Swamp Daisy, White
Eclipta, White Heads
Consumption Weed, Sow
Thistle, Cupid Paint,
Shaving Bush
Shadon Benny
Christmas Bush, Bitter
Bush, Jack In The Bush
Milk Weed, Spurge
Established and may be invasive
A weed of bananas, cassava, citrus, cowpeas, papayas, groundnut, pineapple, rice, and sorghum.
herb
herb
herb
herb
herb
herb
herb
herb
herb
Lindernia crustacea
Mecardonia dianthera
Melothria guadalupensis
Murdannia nudiflora
Oldenlandia herbacea
Peperomia pellucida
Physalis angulata
Portulaca oleracea
Sida acuta
herb
herb
herb
herb
herb
insect
Spigelia anthelmia
Spilanthes uliginosa
Tridax procumbens
Vernonia cinerea
Parthenium hysterophorus
Solenopsis geminata
insect
Solenopsis invicta
Red Imported Fire Ant
insect
Tapinoma melanocephalum
Black-Headed Ant,
Ghost Ant
insect
Philornis downsi
insect
Plutella xylostella
Diamond Back Moth
insect
insect
Sternochetus mangiferae
Aleurothrixus woglumi
Mango Seed Weevil
Citrus Black Fly
insect
insect
Phyllocnistis citrella
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri
Citrus Leaf Miner
Lady Bird Beetle
insect
Batrachedra nuciferae
The Coconut Moth
Established since its introduction in 1993 and threatens the domestic mango industry.
Accidental introduction in 1998, this pest is no longer considered invasive due to biological control
(98% decline in pest population)
Non native, the insect is controlled via chemical application on farms.
Intentionally introduced in 1997 to combat the Pink Hibiscus Mealy Bug (PMB) problem. It was
successful in controlling the PMB to date.
Established, production losses as a result of the pest.
insect
Dermatobia hominis
insect
Scirtothrips dorsalis
Human Bot Fly or
Warble Fly
Chilli Thrips,
Yellow Tea Thrips
Accidentally introduced from infected livestock from the South American mainland, with reports of
human myiasis cases since the mid to late 1980s. Also a threat to the ruminant industry.
Accidentally introduced in 2004 and considered to be an established pest that may potentially
impact negatively on vegetable producers/farmers.
Silver Bush, Ratta Tempa
Hog Weed
Purslane, Pussley
Ballier Savanne,
Broom Weed
Worm Bush, Pink Weed
Wild Daisy
Iron Weed
White Top
Tropical Fire Ant
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
{42}
{37}
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Non-native
Exotic and invasive. Since S.germinata tends honeydew producing insects, it may instigate
population explosions in populations in insects such as mealybugs or other crop pests.
Exotic and invasive. Reduces biodiversity among invertebrates and reptiles, and may also kill or
injure frogs, lizards or small mammals.
A widespread household pest that has become invasive
{53}
{42}
{42}
{42}
{30}
{1}
(Native) Adult flies, which are non-parasitic, feed on decaying, organic matter, while larval instars
are hematophagous parasites that feed on the blood and tissues of nestling and adult birds
Established and is a major pest of cruciferous crops. Resistant to several pesticides.
{1}
{33}
{18}
{19}
{15}
{9}
{42}
{42}
{42}
{53}
{54}
{42}
{1}
{30}
{1}
{62}
{11}
{12}
{16}
insect
Varroa jacobsoni
Varroa Mite
Accidentally introduced in 1996 through importation of infected hives and/or bees for honey
production.
Intentionally introduced as a biological control strategy to combat the Citrus Black Fly problem
Intentionally introduced as a biological control strategy to combat the Citrus Black Fly problem
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
{14}
insect
insect
insect
insect
Amitus hesperidum
Encarsia perplexa
Cryptotermes domesticus
Toxoptera citricidus
insect
Aedes aegypti
Parasite of Citrus Black Fly
Parasite of Citrus Black Fly
Termite
Afido Marron De Citricos
(DR); Brown Citrus Aphid
Tiger Mosquito
{1},{3}
Crazy Ant
Widespread with on-going severe impacts; control efforts include destruction of breeding sites and
the use of insecticides.
Is a widespread house hold pest whose earliest record in Trinidad and Tobago was 1895
insect
Paratrechina longicornis
insect
Bemisia tabaci
Sweet Potato Whitefly
Established and invasive, leading to losses in tomato through the Potato yellow mosaic virus
lepeletier
Apis mellifera scutellata
(Lepeletier)
African Honey Bees
Well established. Approximately sixteen (16) human deaths during 1972-2002 directly related to
bee stinging incidents, and deaths to hundreds of animals, mainly goat, sheep and dogs.
mammal
Herpestes javanicus
Small Indian Mongoose
{1},{6}
mammal
mammal
mammal
microorganism
microorganism
microorganism
mollusc
mollusc
mollusc
mollusc
mollusc
reptile
Mus musculus
Rattus norvegicus
Rattus rattus
Rinderpest virus
House Mouse
Brown Rat, Common Rat
Black Rat, Bush Rat
Cattle Plague
Intentional introduction to control the rodent population in sugar fields, which led to the
decimation of indigenous fauna species through predation.
Invasive and was introduced in error via the Spanish vessels which brought food into the country.
Established and is invasive
Established and is invasive
Free from rinderpest virus
West Nile Virus
West Nile Virus
Established and may be invasive
{1}
H1NI Virus
Swine Flu
{13}
Tarebia granifera
Pomacea bridgesii diffusa
Achatina fulica
Melanoides tuberculatus
Perna viridis
Trachemys scripta elegans
Quilted Melania
Golden Or Apple Snail
Giant African Snail
Malaysian Trumpet Snail
Asian Green Mussel
Red-Eared Slider
reptile
reptile
reptile
Anolis aeneus
Anolis cristatellus
Anolis extremus
Accidentally introduced in 2009 from infected persons (tourists) moving across borders. Claimed
five (5) casualties from two hundred and eleven (211) cases, but was eradicated in August 2010.
Non native, introduced accidentally with aquatic plants, invasive
Non-native, introduced and is invasive
Entered in 2009. It is a threat to 500 crops/ plants species and may pose a health risk to humans
Established and may be invasive
Entered in early 1990s. It is a threat to native mollusc species, industrial piping and human health
Introduced as a pet and released into the wild. Competes for food and egg-laying and basking
areas
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
{9}
{9}
{30}
{30}
{1},{31
}
{63}
{64}
{22}
{1}
{1},{30}
{1},{30}
{1},{34}
{30}
{61}
{1},{2}
{60}
{1},{7}
{1}
{30}
{30}
{30}
reptile
reptile
sedge
sedge
sedge
shrub
shrub
tree
Anolis trinitatis
Anolis wattsi
Cyperus rotundus
Fimbristylis miliacea
Kyllingia monocephala
Borreria verticillata
Lantana camara
Acacia mangium
Nut Grass
Globe Fringerush
White Broom
White Sage
Forest Mangrove
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Naturalized and the only tree to survive and thrive on National Quarries land. Rated as one of the
fastest growing, most useful trees on earth. Famous for its pioneering qualities.
{30}
{30}
{39}
{41}
{42}
{48}
{42}
[24]
[25]
Established and may be invasive
Moderate potential for invasiveness and has naturalized in many areas. Not usually considered to
be a pest.
Non native and is considered an environmental weed, but is widely used by the Hindu population.
{1}
{26}
tree
tree
tree
Colombian cedar
Psidium guajava
Gliricidia sepium
tree
Bambusavulgaris
Guava
St. Vincent Plum,
Tree Of Iron
Bamboo
tree
Casuarina equisetifolia
Whistling-Pine
Established and may be invasive
tree
Syzygium cumini
Indian Blackberry/
Gulab Jamoon
Established and may be invasive
{27},
{28}
{1},
{29}
{1}
tree
tree
Acacia auriculformis
Albizia procera
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
{30}
{30}
tree
tree
tree
tree
Aleurites moluccana
Artocarpus altilis
Averrhoa carambola
Azadirachta indica
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
tree
Calotropis procera
Established and may be invasive
{30}
tree
Carica papaya
Established and may be invasive
{30}
Acacia Blanca (Puerto
Rico); Albicia (Puerto
Rico); Tall Albizia (Puerto
Rico)
Avellano (Dom Rep)
Nim (Dom Rep); Margosa
(Puerto Rico); Neem
(Puerto Rico; AntiguaBarbuda)
Calotropis (Puerto Rico);
Algodon De Seda (Puerto
Rico); Giant Milkweed
(Puerto Rico)
tree
Casuarina equisetifolia
tree
tree
tree
tree
tree
tree
tree
tree
tree
tree
Eriobotrya japonica
Flacourtia indica
Gliricidia sepium
Hibiscus elatus
Inga vera
Jatropha curcas
Leucaena diversifolia
Mangifera indica
Manilkara zapota
Melaleuca quinquenervia
tree
tree
tree
tree
Myroxylon balsamum
Parkia biglobosa
Persea americana
Prosopis juliflora
tree
tree
tree
tree
tree
tree
tree
tree
tree
tree
Pterocarpus indicus
Pterocarpus macrocarpus
Senna multijuga
Sesbania bispinosa
Sterculia apetala
Swietenia macrophylla
Tabebuia rosea
Tectona grandis
Tephrosia candida
Terminalia catappa
vine
vine
Merremia umbellata
Momordica charantia
Casuarina (Jamaica);
Australian Pine (Bahamas
Islands); Pino Australiano
(Puerto Rico)
Loquat (Japanese);
Established and may be invasive
{30}
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Sapodilla (Bahamas Islands) Established and may be invasive
Melaleuca (Puerto Rico);
Established and may be invasive
Paper Bark (Puerto Rico)
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Bayahonda (Dr); Cambron Established and may be invasive
(Dr); Mesquite (Puerto
Rico); Bayahonda (Puerto
Rico)
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Anacaguita (Puerto Rico)
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
Established and may be invasive
West Indian Almond
Established and may be invasive
(Barbados)
Hog Vine
Established and may be invasive
Cerasee Bush
Established and may be invasive
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{30}
{42}
{42}
vine
Pueraria phaseoloides
Kudzu
Widespread. Used as high protein feeds for ruminants
{16},{17}
References
[1] Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) of the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission, http://www.issg.org/database/welcome/
[2] Ministry of Food Production, Land and Marine Resources(2010 Giant African Snail Advisory, http://www.health.gov.tt/news/newsitem.aspx?id=64
[3] Guiyun Yan, Dave D. Chadee and David W. Severson (1997). Evidence for Genetic Hitchhiking Effect Associated With Insecticide Resistance in Aedes aegypti, http://www.genetics.org/cgi/reprint/148/2/793
[4] Hutton and Rostron (2005): Method statement for the control of feral pigeons, http://www.handr.co.uk/literature/feral_pigeons.htm
[5] Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) of the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission,
http://www.issg.org/database/species/distribution_display.asp?si=1448&ri=18272&pc=*&sts=&status=Alien&lang=EN#Alien
[6] Cock, M.J.W. (1985) A Review of Biological Control of Pests in the Commonwealth Caribbean and Bermuda up to 1982. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.
[7] Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) of the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission,
http://www.issg.org/database/species/distribution_display.asp?si=731&ri=18272&pc=*&sts=sss&status=Alien&lang=EN#Alien
[8] CABI report (2008). Mitigating the Threat of Invasive Alien Species in the Insular Caribbean (Trinidad and Tobago). Report to CABI, pp. 8
[9] G.L. White, M.T.K. Kairo and V. Lopez. (2005). Classical biological control of the citrus black fly Aleurocanthus woglumi by Amitus hesperidum in Trinidad.
[10] Ministry of Agriculture Land and Marine Resources (2004). First report of black sigatoka
disease (causal agent Mycosphaerella fijiensis) from Trinidad, http://www.ndrs.org.uk/article.php?id=010002
[11] D. E. Meyerdirk, R. Warkentin, B. Attavian, E. Gersabeck3, A. Francis, M. Adams, and G. Francis (2001). Biological Control of the Pink Hibiscus Mealy bug Project Manual,
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/import_export/plants/manuals/domestic/downloads/phm.pdf
[12] S. C Hemmings, K.J.M Matthews and J Alexander (2007).Human myiasis in western Jamaica: five years after the implementation of a screwworm eradication programme,
http://caribbean.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0043-31442007000400006&lng=en&nrm=
[13] World Health Organization (2010). http://www.flucount.org/
[14] Varroa Mite Factsheet. http://caripestnetwork.org/vtt/docs/datasheets/acarina/varroa__destructor.pdf
[15] Mc Comie, D. Lilroy and W. Di Chi (1994). Review of the Mango Seed Weevil Sternochetus mangiferae (F.) and its distribution and population density in Trinidad and Tobago,
http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search/display.do?f=1997/TT/TT97001.xml;TT9610050
[16] Pueraria phaseoloides Factsheet
http://www.tropicalforages.info/key/Forages/Media/Html/Pueraria_phaseoloides.htm
[17] C. Lans (1995). Creole remedies: case studies of ethnoveterinary medicine in Trinidad and Tobago, http://www.ethnovetweb.com/docs/lans.pdf
[18] M. Yaseen (1978). The establishment of two parasites of the diamond-back moth Plutella xylostella [Lep.: Plutellidae] in Trinidad, W.I., http://www.springerlink.com/content/x731661t70064872
[19] Plutella xylostella Factsheet
http://www.extento.hawaii.edu/Kbase/crop/type/plutella.htm
[20] Trinidad and Tobago nature link (2010). Bienvenido a Icacos,
http://www.ttnaturelink.com/ttnaturetrips/bienvenido-icacos
[21] Wild Fowl Trust website (2010).
http://www.petrotrin.com/WildFowlWeb/Wetlands.htm
[22] Africanized Honeybee Factsheet, http://www.caripestnetwork.org/vtt/docs/datasheets/hymenoptera/africanized_honeybees.pdf
[23] Environmental Management Agency (2009). Invasive Alien Species are more dangerous than we think., http://www.ema.co.tt/docs/Articles/IAS.pdf
[24] Forest Starr, Kim Starr, and Lloyd Loope United States Geological Survey—Biological Resources Division Haleakala Field Station, Maui, Hawai'I (2003), http://www.hear.org/Pier/pdf/pohreports/acacia_mangium.pdf
[25] Anne Hilton Sunday, (2009) A case for the acacia,http://www.newsday.co.tt/features/0,107692.html
[26] Craig R. Elevitch and John K. Francis (2006) Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry, http://www.agroforestry.net/tti/Gliricidia-gliricidia.pdf
[27] R.P. (Rod) RANDALL (2007) Global Compendium of Weeds, http://www.hear.org/gcw/index.html
[28] Dr Kumar Mahabir (2010) The Hindu use of bamboo, http://library2.nalis.gov.tt/Default.aspx?tabid=144
[29] Casuarina equisetifolia fact sheet http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/AFTPDFS/Casuarina_equisetifolia.pdf
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