GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF KOTA DISTRICT
Kota district, extending over an area of 5098 sq. km. and comprises tehsils namely Pipalda,
Digod, Ladpura, Sangod & Ramganj mandi Kota, the district head quarter is situated on the eastern
bank of Chambal river. The district is served by Mathura-Baroda and Kota-Bina broad-gauge section
of Western Railways and a net work of all wether roads. Owing to good transport facilities, enough
water from dams on river Chambal and availability of electricity has lead to the fast industrialisation
of the district.
A major part of the district is a flat plain called Kota-Haravati-Plain which has its average
elevation of 250 m. above MSL. The Mukundara-Hill range with flat tops trending NW-SE and
rising-up to 492M. above MSL in the South-Eastern and Eastern parts of the district, is the
prominent geomorphic feature of the district.
The area is drained by the perenial river Chambal and its north flowing tributaries.
GEOLOGY:Most of the part of Kota district is occupied by rocks of Vindhyan Supergroup which forms
the part of Great-Vindhyan-basin, extending from Rohtas in Bihar to the Chittorgarh area of
Rajasthan. On the basis of different rock-units the Vindhyans of the area have been divided in to
Semri, Kaimur, Rewa and Bhander Groups comprising Sandstones, Shales and Limestone. The
Semri Group is seperated from Kaimur by conglomerate horizon which marks the break in
sedimentation before the deposition of Kaimur-group.
The limestone of Sirbu-shale horizon; at places show the evidence of algal life in the form of
arch shapped structures known as "stromatolites". Occurrence of Sandstone at different stratigraphic
horizones indicate fluctuation of the sea-level due to transgression & regression of the sea several
times during the Vindhyan period.
The general stratigraphic succession of rock types exposed in Kota district is as under:
Vindhyan
Super group
Bhander Group
Sandstone andLimestone.
Rewa Group
Shales and Sandstone.
Kaimur Group
Sandstone,
Shale
Conglomerate
Sandstone
Shale
Limestone
Semri Group
&
and
MINERAL OCCURRENCES :Owing to the total absence of Metamorphic rocks ( to which mostly metallic minerals are
associated) no important ore deposits are occuring in the district. However, it is compensated by
dimensional stone of economic importance, such as limestone and sandstone.
SANDSTONE :Owing to it's durability, attractive red and white colours and susceptibility to carving and
polishing, Vindhyan sandstone has been extensively used as building material.
(1) SANDSTONE NEAR KHIMUCH :-
Khimuch is an important locality from where white sandstone is produced. The sandstone
belongs to Semri Group, (Lower Vindhyans). The out crops of sandstone starts from about 2 kms.
north of Khimuch and continues due south-east of Suket and pass into Jhalawar district.
Most of the slabstone produced in the area is 1½ " to 4" thick. The thicker size is than called
"Mukkasar" and used for roofing purposes. The white colour sandstone is quite regular. Since the
sandstone is very hard as such it takes polish with great difficulty but if once polished it remains for
a very long period.
RED SANDSTONE :The important quarries are concentrated neer Borawas, Deoli, Kasar, Mandana, Kanwas,
villages.
The rock formation belongs to Lower Bhander group of Upper Vindhyans in which
sediments of Sirbu formation were deposited. The flaggy sandstone exposed in the quarries are well
jointed and these joints help in development of quarries and taking out slabs easily. The formations
are almost flat in all the areas. The amount of dip varies from 0 to 5° '
Most of the sand stone produced from these areas is verying in thickness from 1" to 3" The
colour is reddish brown to fine colour. The entire production is dressed in to the sizes as per demand,
varying from l'x1' to 2' x 3'.
LIMESTONE:
There are extensive deposits of Vindhyan limestone in Kota district around Morak, Chechat,
Deoli, Kotri, Milo, Julmi, Nimoda, Darra etc. The limestone is fine grained, hard and thickly bedded.
Being of splittable nature at places, it is extensively quarried in Morak, Suket and Ramganjmandi as
slab stone and is famous as "Kota Stone". Limestone is also used for lime making near Indargarh,
Mandana, etc. There are two cement plants in Kota district i.e. one of Shri Ram Cement at Kota and
other of Mangalam Cement at Morak.
1. Morak-Chechat-Deoli Belt:
Morak Deposit lies between Namana and Deoli near the Morak railway station. It has a strike
length of about 17 kms. Limestone is fine grained, grey and greyish green in colour, interbedded
with Suket shales. Department has carried out about 500 m. drilling spread over 20 boreholes and
proved about 63 million tonnes of cement grade limestone reserves containg CaO 42% & above,
MgO 1% and SiO2 18%. The area has been leased out to M/ s. Mangalam Cement for their 0.8
million tonnes capacity plant at Morak.
2. Milo-Julmi Belt :
The Milo-Julmi belt is the southern continuity of the Morak-Deoli limestone belt and has
large deposits of marginal cement grade limestone. Limestone extends for about 8.5 kms strike
length and 200-300 m. width.
Department has carried out detailed investigation by putting 39 boreholes totaling 843 m.
drilling and proved 44.75 million tonnes reserves containing CaO 44%, SiO2 14% and MgO about 1
%.
3. Limestone Deposit near Suket :
It is located just west of Suket village. The limestone belt has a strike length of 3 kms and
width about 100 m. Preliminary studies carried out by the Department revealed reserves of 22
million tonnes of cement grade limestone containing 44% CaO, 15.6% SiO2 and MgO less than 1%.
4. Limestone Deposits between Kolipura and Darra :
The limestone belt of 40 to 170 m. width extends for about 3.4 Kms. The limestone is fine
grained and chocolate in colour, The Department has carried out preliminary investigation in the
area and proved 6 million tonnes probable reserves (upto 10.0 m. depth) containing 45% CaO, 16%
SiO2 and 1.5% MgO. The deposit completely falls in game sanctuary.
5. Limestone Deposit near Nimoda:
The limestone deposit is located near village Nimoda, tehsil Digod. Digod Railway station
falls on Kota-Bina broadgauge section which is about 15 kms from the deposit. The limestone is fine
grained, stromatolitic, brown and reddish brown in colour and mostly lies under 1 to 6 m. thick soil
cover. Department has carried out preliminary investigation in the area and proved probable reserves
of the order of about 75 million tonnes containing 39 to 43% CaO, 10 to 16% SiO2 and 1 to 2.5%
MgO within 1.5 sq. km. area just north of village Nimoda. The area is held by M/s. Shriram Cements
(DCM) for their Kota based cement plant.
6. Limestone Deposit near Nimoda-Debri:
The Limestone deposit near Debri is situated 65 kms. NE from Kota on Kota-Itawa metalled
road. The limestone in Debri area is exposed in Kali Sindh river bed only for a strike length of 2 kms
and 200 m. width. It is grey and red in colour with shale partings. The analytical results reveal that
CaO values varies from 35.00 to 43.5%, SiO2 15.54 to 19.80 and MgO from 1.41 to 8.06%.
7. Limestone Deposit near Gadepan:
Limestone area near Gadepan is 35 kms from Kota on Kota-Baran road. The limestone,
greyish in colour is of cement grade where as the brownish stromatolitic limestone near village
Ballabhpura is sillceous in nature. The top horizon of limestone is of cement grade which is only
upto 17 m. depth. The department has carried out the detailed investigation over an area of 9 sq.
kms. by carrying out 345.0 m. drilling (36 boreholes) and proved 2.5 million tonnes reserves
containing average 43% CaO, 15% SiO2 and 2% MgO.
8. Flaggy Limestone:
The flaggy limestone belonging to Suket shale of Lower Vindhyan, occurs near village
Suket-Ramganjmandi, Chechat areas, tehsil Ramganjmandi of Kota district. These are famous with
the popular trade name as "Kota Stone" The limenstone is fine grained, blue, greenish and brown in
colour and easily splitted in slabs of varying thickness. The various limestone beds are described in
the table below.
In these areas limestone for floring slabs extensively quarried. There are several cutting and
polishing factories in these areas. A production of about 77641630 tonnes of limestone used as
building stone was reported during the year 1998-99 in Kota district. The deposits are along the
Delhi-Kota-Bombay broadgauge line.
Mineral Administration:
Mineral administration work in the district is being looked after by Mining Engineer, Kota
which is supervised by Superintending Mining Engineer, Kota.
The Geological work is carried out by Senior Geologist, Kota which is under Additional
Directer (Geology), Jaipur. This office looks after Geological work in Kota, Bundi, Jhalawar and
Baran districts. The Telephone numbers of these offices are given below.
(1) Senior Geologist, Kota.-0744-325110
(2)Mining Engineer,Kota. -0744-322145
S
.
N
o
.
1
.
Description of flaggy Limestone
Beds
Attitudes of Deposit (Strike, dip, length)
Joganbedi, Kumbhkot, Laxmipura,
Sataikhedi, Pipakhedi belt
General trend of strike N 15° W-S 15° E with
easterly dips (2.25 m. in 30 m.) for 8 kms strike
length.
2
.
Pipakhedi-Nayagaon-Arniya-Sureda
belt
3
.
I) Suket-Atraliya- Kukda belt- Suroda
-PaliSuket belt
II) Suket, Dingis, Pama-Khedi,
Atraliya, Hiriyakhedi, Dhabadeh.
III) Dhabadeh, Teliya, Khedi
4
.
Manpura, Bhani, Jharaiya, Hiri
extending in Jhalawar district upto
Mandawar.
Chechat Deposit
5
.
6
.
Extension under Deccan traps
I) Julmi Deposit
Striking N 40° W-S 40° E with easterly dips
(6 m. to 12 m. in 30 m.) for 6.5 kms.
Striking mainly N-S with westerly dips (5 m. in
30 m.) for 3 kms length.
Striking N 35° W-S 35° E with westerly dips (6
m. to 12 m. in 30 m.) for 11 kms length.
Striking mainly N-S with westerly dips
(2.5 m. to 4 m. in 30 ll1.) for 4 kms length.
Striking mainly N 45° W-S 45° E with easterly
dips (7 m. to 14 m. in 30 m.) for 4 kms length
Anticline dome shaped 4 kms x 1.5 kms.
Overlain by Deccan traps and require
exploratory work
Unpublished Geological Rrports of Mineral Survey & Prospecting in Kota District
(A) Department of Mines & Geology:
Kulshrestha, N.P.;1961-62 : A report on investigation of limestone in Darra-Ramganj-mandi
area.
Keshwani, K.B.;1957-58: A not on studies of Darra area.
Kulshrestha, N.P.;1958-59 : A report on the investigation for clay deposit in Durgawapancholi area.
Kulshrestha, N.P.;1958-59 : A report on glass sand investigation in Kundi area.
Kulshrestha, N .P.; 1958-59 : A report on the investigation of clay at Badara, Siroli and
Manak-Chowk in Kota district
Kulshrestha, N.P.; 1956-57-58 : A report on the investigation of limestone at DarraRamganjmandi area.
Rampuria, T.C.; 1975: A report on investigation of limestone near village Morak tehsil
Ramganj-Mandi.
Sharma, J.P. Mehta, D.S., Dhabai, S.S.: 1974-75 : A report on preliminary investigation of
limestone deposit near village Indergarh.
Sharma, J.P.; 1978-79: A report on the search for diamond in Vindhyans of Jhalawar and
Kota district.
Sharma, J.P.; 1979-80 : Arepprt of the prospecting of cement grade limestone deposit near
Milo-Julmi and Suket.
Sharma, J .P.; 1979-80: A report on prospecting for cement grade limestone near village
Nimoda, tehsil Digod.
Sr. Geologist.; 1981-82: Scheme for preliminary investigation of cement grade limestone of Barsoli
of Chittorgarh district, Ladpura of Kota district along proposed new broad railway line connecting
Chittorgarh- Kota.
Sharma, J.P. Luhadia, K.C. 1983-84: A report on work done of limestone quarries near
Ramganj-Mandi and Sucket and benificiation studies.
1974-75 : Interim report on investigation on of limestome deposit around Morak Chechat
tehsil Ramganj-Mandi.
Babel, G.L. & Ravi Dayal. : A report on investigation for cement grade limestone near
village Nimoda tehsil Digod.
Sr. Geologist., 1982-83.: Assessment for clay and iron ore in Indergarh and Mohanpura area.
FLUORSPAR IN RAJASTHAN
Introduction:
Fluorite or fluorspar is the name given to a mineral having the chemical composition of
calcium fluorite (CaF2). The mineral fluorite in its pure form contains 51.1 % Ca (Calcium) and
48.9% (Fluorine). It usually occurs as crystals of cubic habit, but octahedral forms are also noted. It
has a hardness of 4, specific gravity 3.01 to 3.25 and display a wide range of colours varying from
colourless to white, yellow, violet, purple, blue & green. The phenomena of fluorescene derives its
name from fluorspar because of its property to fluoresce, "to glow", when subjected to external
source of energy. It often shows bluish fluorescence.
Fluorspar deposits usually occur in the form of veins deposited from hot solutions in both
sedimentary and igneous rocks. It occurs as fissure-filling veins and as replacement veins in various
types of country rocks such as limestone, dolomite, granite, nepheline syenite and volcanic rocks.
The total known fluorite reserves in country are about 2.9 million tonnes. Fluorite is mined in
the country from Gujarat, Rajasthan & Maharashtra only. Rajasthan is the largest producer of graded
(hand sorted) fluorspar in the country. Gujarat is the largest producer of beneficiated (concentrated)
fluorite in the country. Beneficiation of fluorspar is not being carried out in Rajasthan &
Maharashtra.
Occurrences in Rajasthan :
Rajasthan is the principal fluorite producing state in the country. There are 18 mining leases
for fluorite in the state and about 11052 tonnes was produced during the year 1998-99. The
description of the deposits in Rajasthan is given below.
Dungarpur district :
(I) Mando-Ki-Pal: The largest fluorite deposits in the state are located in Mando-Ki-Pal area in this
district.
The ares is located about 35 km. from Dungarpur and 150 km. from Udaipur. Fluorite
mineralisation is widely distributed in an area covering 190 sq. kms. lying between Hathi-Ki-Dhani
in north, Kahila in South, Matatiba in west and beyond Lihata Bunali in east. Fluorite mineralisation
occurs as fracture and fissure fillings along shear zones. The fluorite veins show variation in
thickness, attaining maximum thickness of 30 cm. The mineralisation is seen in variety of rocks viz.
mylonite, pegmatites, aplites and porphyroblastic gneisses. The width of mineralise zone varies
between 1 to 7 metres.
The state department has estimated 0.203 million tonnes of reserves having 8% to 23% CaF2
content in the seven blocks namely (1) Ramore hill (2) Mata hill (3) Bhagal hill (4) Rehatwali hill
(5) Thorwali hill (6) Umaria hill (7) Singhwali hill. Besides above, in the area between Umaria &
Singhwali, Basdighati, Punawali and Umri reserves of 0.131 million tonnes have also been estimated
having 30 to 40% CaF2.
(II) Kahila area: The area is situated about 8 km. from Varda village which is 30 km. from
Dungarpur on Banswara road. Fluorite mineralisation is seen in Dhadka hill, Baska hill and in Forest
Chowki area. The mineralisation is traceable over 1.2 km strike lengh Fluorite mineralisation occurs
in Aravali quartzites as veins along shear zones. The thickness of individual fluorite vein is up to 15
cms. The width of mineralised zone varies from 1m. to 5 m. Reserves of 0.246 million tonnes with
average 29% CaF2 has been estimated by state department. In the vicinity of Kahila, mineralisation
is also found in Rekha hill which is in forest area.
Jalore district:
Karda area: The state department has located a fairly large deposit of fluorite near village
Karda which is 24 km. south west of Bhinmal town (tehsil H.Q.) in Jalore district.
The mineralisation occur within 10 sq. km. area, the important localities are Rekha hill,
Krishna hill, Pushi hill, Campwali hill, Vita-Ki-Tak, Nagara Magra, Ada-Magra, Betak-Ki-Magri,
Bhanwaria-Ki-Bhit, Dharma hill, Pillas hill, etc. near village Karda. The mineralisation of fluorspar
is found along Shear zones and fracture planes in Agglolnerates, Trachyte, Basalt and as cavity
fillings.
The total reserves of fluorspar of the Karda deposit are estimated by the state department at
0.173 million tonnes of 51.92% CaF2 content. Out of which about 70,000 tonnes are of 80-95% CaF2
content.
Sikar district:
(1) Salwari (Chowkri) area: Fluorite mineralisation occurs near Salwari hutment about 2
km. west of Chowkri village and 7 km. east of main bus route from Khandela to Udaipurwati in
Sikar district. Fluorspar mineralisation occurs along shear fracture zones, joints planes and at the
contact of host rock and vein quartz. Mineralisation is localised in post Delhi intrusives of tonalite in
Khanwali hill and in hornblendite and vein quartz.
The state department has prospected this area and a reserves of 0.35 million tonnes
containing 8 to 21.9% CaF2 has been estimated.
Jhunjhunu district:
Chapoli area: Fluorite mineralisation occurs about 2 km. south east of Chapoli village.
Mineralisation occurs as joints and fissure fillings, replacement, cavity filling and as dissemination
in Ajabgarh felspathic quartzite and also applites of younger age intruded in these quartzites.
The state department has prospected this area and estimated reserves of 0.13 million tonnes
containing 11 to 14.5 CaF2.
Bhilwara district:
(1) Asind area: Asind in Bhilwara district is located about 48 km. north west of Mandal Railway
Station. Fluorite occurrences have been reported near Dantra, Udalpura, Barukhera, Shikarwadi and
Baratpura. The area was prospected by the state department but no significant reserves could be
proved.
Udaipur district:
Fluorite occurrences were located near Jhalara about 10 km. south of Salumber and Kala
Magra, Paira, Mandli, Camera, Kaliana, Sagot, Bhabrana, Matasola & Bhimroda.
Fluorite mineralisation occurs in quartzite aplites and porphyroblastic gneisses as cavity
fillings and also as disseminations along joints & frctdures.
A reserves of 0.168 million tonnes containing 17.18% CaF2 have been estimated by the state
department at Kala Magra and Jhalara.
Ajrner district:
(1) Richhmaliyan area: The state department has located a fluorite mineralisation near village
Richhmaliyan in district Ajmer in the year 1989. It is about 45 km. from Ajmer. Fluorite
mineralisation has been traced over 5 km. strike length from Richhmaliyan in the north east to
Sewaria (Pali district) in the southwest. Rich mineralisation has been located along a shear zone in
600 metres length having 50 metres wide mineralised zone. Length of individual veins ranges from 5
to 100 m. and width from 10 cm. to 1.5 m. The mineralisation is confined to Rhyalitic flows
surrounded by granite. A reserves of 986.6 tonnes with average CaF2 values 29% were estimated.
Occurrences of Fluorite also reposted from Barla and Khajrot area, Mundoli area and Tilora
area of the district.
Sirohi district:
Balda-Badabera area: The village Balda is located about 6 kms. from Sirohi town on
Sirohi-Abu tar road. The occurrences of fluorite is reported from Balda in south-west to Bada Bera
in north-east for a strike length of about 12 kms. The area belongs to the Delhi Supergroup of rocks
namely mica schist, quartzite, cale silicate intruded by Erinpura granite and quartz veins.
The fluorite bearing quartz veins are confined to Shear zone and occur in the form of veinlets
and disseminations within and at the contact of granite and pegmatite.
During the course of investigation for tungesten, G.S.I. have proved 50,000 tonnes of fluorite
having 40% CaF2 in sheared zone upto 25 m. depth. Minor occurrences of fluorite also reported from
Mirpur, Sibagaon and Khejuri van and Mundwara area of the district.
Jaipur district:
(1) Ladera area: Ladera area is located 5 kms. northeast of Mundoti area of Ajmer district.
Fluorite of violet and whitish colour occurs in an area of 300 x 275 sq. mts. and 80 x 40 sq. mts.
separated by barran rocks. The country rocks are aplites and granite gneisses. Small veins up to 1.2
m. length and 10 cm. Width were observed along fractures. Disseminations are also observed in
aplite rocks. The surface samples indicated 92.6% CaF2 contant. The occurrence is sporadic and
depth persistance is negligible.
Industrial Application:
Fluorspar is considered as a mineral of great industrial importance and utility, as without this
mineral, many manufacturing industries and some of the industrial processes would not be
implemented. The importance of fluorspar is keenly felt in many countries and it has become
absolutely indispensable to many basic industries, such as open hearth steel plants, metallic
aluminium, in the refining of uranium ores, chemicals, ceramic products, glass, enamel, for
hydrofluoric acid manufacture and other fluorine compounds.
Fluorspar is marketed in three grades according to end use. These are acid grade,
metallurgical grade and the ceramic grade. Fluorspar has many direct and indirect uses, the chief
uses are given here under :
(a) Metallurgical uses:
It is used as a flux in the production of steel by the open hearth, electric arc and basic oxygen
(BOF) processes, and also in the electro-slag refining process for making high grade steel and certain
alloys. Fluorspar is also used in the production of ferroalloys,
iron castings, as a flux in magnesium reduction and in zinc smelting. Minor amount of fluorite is
used as flux in smelting and refining of antimony, copper-chromium-silver and lead ores, gold,
nickel and tin.
(b) Ceramic uses:
The glass industry is a stable consumer of fluorspar. The spar is used as a flux and opacifier for the
manufacture of glass and for enamel coatings on sinks, bathroom fixtures, stoves, refrigerators, signs
and the like. Examples of opal glass. are lamp bulbs, globes, shades, toilet and medicinal containers,
and many other items. Clear glass has the least amount of fluorspar in its formulations, whereas opal
glass and coloured glass demand a larger quantity to obtain opaqueness.
(c) Chemical uses:
The principal uses of fluorspar are in the manufacture of fluorine chemicals, chiefly
hydrofluoric acid (HF). Hydrofluoric acid is an essential raw material required for producing
synthetic cryolite (Na3 AIF6) and aluminium fluoride (AIF3), which are used as fluxes and
electrolytes in the production of primary aluminium. Another important use is in the manufacture of
fluorcarbons, for preparation of aerosol propellants, plastics, refrigerants (arcton and freon gases),
blowing agents for urethane foams, polymers and fire extingushing gases. The acid is also used as a
catalyst in petroleum alkylation, in steel pickting, enamel stripping and in various electroplating
operations. Fluorine chemicals are useful in production of uranium tetrafluoride (UF4 & UF6) which
is used in the separation of uranium isotopes in development of atomic energy. Fluorides are used as
insecticides, fungicides, medicinals, preservatives, antiseptics, in electroplating solutions, water
fluoridation and rocket and missile fuels.
(d) Miscellaneous uses:
Fluorspar is used also in making mineral wool/ glass fibre, as a bonding material in abrasive
wheels and carbon electrodes, in portland cement industry and in brick making to prevent staining.
For optical purposes, colourless or nearly colourless crystals of fluorite free from flaws are used.
Attractive coloured varieties are also used in the manufacture of vases, ashtrays, other decorative
objects and as semiprecious stone. Recently fluorspar is being successfully used by mixing oxygen
with fluorspar in order to make a very hot cutting flame for welding purpose instead of the
traditional oxy-acetalane flame.
Specification:
Fluorspar is mined and marketed usually after beneficiation in three grades (i) metallurgical
(ii) ceralnic and (iii) acid.
The I.S.I. (IS 4574-1981) has prescribed the following specifications for metallurgical grade
fluorspar:
Constituents
Grade-I
For
Aluminium
Requiremenf %
Grade-Il . For
Steel Industry
Grade-III
Calcium
Fluoride
97
85
80
1
6
8
-
70
60
1
3
3
1.5
3.5
3.5
Sulphur max.
0.1
0.3
0.3
Lead max.
-
0.3
0.3
(CaF2) min.
Sillica
Max
(Sio2)
Effective Cal.
Fluorite
(CaF2) min.
Calcium
Carbonate
(CaCo3) max.
Mixed Oxide
(R2O3) max.
Note: The "effective" percentage is calculated by multiplying the silica percentage in the
analysis y 2.5 and subtracting this number from the CaF2 percentage in the analysis.
The GMDC markets metallurgical grade fluoride having the composition CaF2 85 % (min),
CaCO3-3 %
(max), SiO2 4.5% (max), Fe2O3 + Al2O3 - 3.50 % (max), P2O5 1% (max); BaSO4 0.50% (max).
According to GMDC this grade of concentrate has been widely accepted by the industry.
As per the Rajasthan State Mineral Development Corpn. fluorite to be used as a flux for
making special steel would have 80-85% CaF2 and in ordinary steel it would have 70-75% CaF2.
Chemical Grade: (ISI - 8587-1977)
Constituents
Percentage
Free Moistue
10
CaF2 Min. percent by mass
96
SiO2 max.
1
Calcium (as CaCO3) max; percent by
1.2
mass
Sulphur (as S) max by mass
0.08
Barium (as BaSO 4) by mass
0.05
Phosphorous (as P2O5) max. by mass
0.20
Mixed Oxide (as R2O3) max. by mass
1.5
Organic matter
0.25
Chlorite to pass the test
Berylium to pass the test.
Size (1) Retained on 500 micron
-nill mass
sieve
(2) Retained on 212 micron sieve
10 %
(3) Retained on 75 micron sieve
25 % wmax
The GMDC markets the following two acid grade:
Acid Grade 'A'
Acid Grade 'B'
CaF
96 % and above
93 % to 95 %
CaF
96 % (min.)
93 % (min.)
CaCO3
1.20 % (max.)
1.50 % (max.)
SiO2
1.0 % (max.)
1.5 % (max.)
Fe2O3 + Al2O3
1.5 % (max.)
1.6 % (max.)
P2 O5
0.20 % (max.)
0.6. % (max.)
BaSO4
0.20 % (max.)
0.30 % (max.)
According to the GMDC, to meet the specifications set up by the aluminium industries for
manufacturing aluminium fluoride, acid grade 'A' has been used all along in a suitable blend with the
imported concentrates. However, acid grade 'A' as well as acid grade 'B' as mentioned above have
been fully accepted by other chemical industries such as synthetic cryolite, referigerent gases,
stainless steel etc.
According to RSMDC, fluorite would have 90-95 % CaF2 and above for chemical industries for
making acids, synthetic cryolite and aluminium fluorite.
Ceramic Grade:
There is no ISI specifications for this grade. The specifications prescribed by user industries
is that tluorspar should contain CaF2 – 95 % (min.), SiO2 2.5 % max., Fe2O3 0.12 % max. while
CaCO3 be 1% max.
Glass:
ISI has not prescribed any specification for this industry. However, based on user industries
CaF2 should be (a) from 90 to 98 % pure (b) 65 to 80 % with size 75 to 150 mesh in most cases.
Mill Head Grade:
In order to produce the grades reported by GMDC, it is necessary to have the following head
grade for the plant.
Mineral Constituent
%
CF2
24 % ± 5 %
CaCO3
4.0 % ± 1 %
P2O5
1.2 % ± 0.5 %
SiO2
60 % ± 5 %
Statistical Information for Fluorite in Rajasthan
Production
(000"
Revenue
Year
Tonnes)
000")
(Rs.
in
No.
Leases
199495
1.49
503.000
17
199596
1.69
488.000
18
199697
15.740
333.050
18
199798
1.403
648.240
19
199899
11.052
969.610
18
District-wise Production of Fluorite (Year: 1998-99)
District
Dungarpur
Jalore
Sirohi
Total of Rajasthan
Production
Tonnes)
0.491
10.561
0.000
11.052
(000"
Leases
11
6
1
18
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Notification Regarding Mining plan approval
NOTIFICATION
New Delhi, the 25th September,2000
G.5.R.743 (E)------In exercise of the powers conferred by section 13 of the Mines and minerals
(Development and Regulation) ACT,1957 (69 of 1957), the Central Government hereby makes the
following rules further to amend the Mineral Concession Rules, 1960, namely:
1. These rules may be called the Mineral concession (Second Amendment) Rules, 2000.
2. They shell come into force on the date of their publication in th€ official
Gazette.
3. In the Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 (here -in-after called the principal Rules), in rule 22, in sub-rule
(4A), for the portion beginning with words"Notwithstanping anything contained "and ending with the
words and figures "Minerals Conservation and Development Rules; 1988", the following shall be
substituted, namely:
"Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-rule(4), the State Government shall be competent to approve
mining plan of open cast mines (mines other than the under-ground mines) in respect of the following
non-metallic or industrial minerals in their respective territorial jurisdiction, namely:(I) Agate
(XVI) Gypsum
(11) Ballclay
(XVII) Jasper
(Ill) Barytes
(XVIII) Kaolin
(IV) Calcareous Sand
(XIX) Laterite
(V) Calcite
(XX) Limekankar
(VI) Chalk
(XXI) Ochre
(VII) Clay (Other)
(XXII) Pyrophyllite
(VIII) Corundum
(XXIII) Quartz
(IX) Diaspore
(XXIV) Quartzite
(X) Dolomite
(XXV) Sand (Others)
(XI) Dunite/Pyroxenite
(XXVI) Shale
(XII) Felsite
(XXVII) Slica Sand
(XIII)Felspar
(XXVIII) Slate
(XIV) Fireclay
(XXIX) Steatite/Talc/Soapstone
(XV) Fush Quartzite
4. In rule 37 of the Principal Rules, in Sub-rule (2), words and figures "Subject to the conditions
specified in the proviso to rule 35", shall be omitted.
5. In the Principal Rules, after rule 64A, the following rules shall be inserted, namely:
64B. Charging of Royalty in case of minerals subjected to processing-(l) In case processing of runof-mine. Mineral is carried out within the leased area. Then royalty shall be chargeable on the
processed mineral removed from the leased area.
(2)
In case run-of-mine mineral is removed from the leased area to a processing plant which is
located outside the leased area, then, royalty shall be chargeable on the unprocessed run-of-mine
mineral and not on the processed product.
64C. Royalty on tailings or rejects- On removal of tailings or rejects from the leased area for dumping
and not for sale or consumption, outside leased area such tailings or rejects shall not be liable for
payment of royalty.
Provided that in case so dumped tailing or rejects are used for sale or consumption on any later
date after the date of such dumping, them, such tailings or rejects shall be liable for payment of
royalty.
64D. Guidelines for computing royalty on minerals on the velorem basis-every mine owner, his agent,
manager, employee, contractor or sub-Ieasee shall follow the following Guidelines for
computation of the amount of royalty on minerals where the royalty is charged on ad valorem
basis, namely:
Guidelines:
The Guideline for calculation of royalty in typical cases areasfollows, namely case 1: For minerals sold in
the domestic market by the mine-owner:
(a) Single stage transportation- In the case of single stage transportation, the mineral is loaded once at
the mine site and is dispatched by road or railway or any other means of transportation straight way to the
destination finally unloaded at the destination. In such cases, the sale price actually realised, less the cost
of transportation and the cost if unloading at the destination as shown by the mine owner in their sale
vouchers or bills or bills invoices may be considered for computing ad va10rem royalty. To avoid
payment of taxes on royalty, the mine owners may in their own interest record the price and royalty
separately in the sale vouchers or bills or invoices instead of indicating a composite price inclusive of
royalty. In case price and royalty are not shown separately, it may be presumed that the price indicated in
the sale vouchers or bills or invoices is exclusive of royalty & royalty shall be changed accordingly.
In case of any doubt with regard to the sale price or deductions, certificate of a registered chartered
accountant' shall be accepted.
In case any transaction takes place on the basis of a provisional sale voucher or invoice or bill, then
computation of royalty may be provisional subject to final settlement based on final voucher or invoice or
bill.
(b) Multi-stage transportation -In case of multi-stage transportation, the sale price actually realised, less
total costs of transportation, loading and unloading at different points outside the lease area, insurance
charges, san1pling and analysis charges, royalty, taxescess and plot charges at different points as may be
applicable, and as shown by the mine owners separately in their sale vouchers or bills or invoices shall be
considered for computing ad valorem royalty. In case price and royalty and not shown separately, it shall
be presumed that price indicated in the sale voucher or bills or invoices is exclusive of royalty & royalty
shall be charged accordingly.
In case of any doubt with regard to the sale price or deductions, certificate of a registrated chartered
accountant shall be accepted.
In case any transaction takes place on the basis of a provisional sale voucher or invoice or bill, then
computation of royalty may be provisional subject to final settlement based on final voucher or invoice or
bill.
Case 2: For minerals which are exported:
(a) Direct export - In case of direct export by mine owners, the sale values for the purpose of royalty shall
ordinarily be the free on board (f.o.b. / price realised, less transportation charges from the mine to the port,
loading and unloading charges outside the lease area packing charges, port charges (including sampling
and analysis and demurrage charges, if any) insurance charges, royalty, taxes and interest charges on loan
for export. However, in case of cost insurance and freight (c.i.f.) sales, sea freight, insurance and cost of
unloading at destination port shall also be deducted from such price. For such purposes, the mine owner
may prepare in voices or bills indicating the free on board price or cost insurance freight price, as the case
may be, and each of the other charges, separately.
In case of any doubt with regard to the sale price or deductions, certificate of registered chartered
accountant shall be accepted.
(b) Export after blowing:- In the case of export by the mine owner after blowing, the mine owner may
have two or more mines either in one state or in different states and he may bring his run-of-mine ores
from these mines to a single point, blend them according to his requirement and export the blended ore or
mineral.
In such cases, the total royalty on the blended material shall be computed in the manner as specified in the
case 2(a) above and the royalty shall be apportioned according to the ratio of the quantities of ores drawn
from different mines for blending and payment shall be made to the respective States in which the mines
are located.
In case of any doubt with regard to the sale price or deductions, certificate of a registered charted
accountant shall be accepted.
Case 3: For aluminum, primary gold, silver, copper lead, Zinc, nickel and tin:
The total metal in the ore produced during the period for which the royalty is computed and reported in the
statutory returns under Minerals Conservation and Development Rules, 1983 or recorded in the books of
the mine owners shall be considered for the purposes of computing the royalty in the first place and then
the royalty shall be computed as the percentage of the average metal prices in the London Metal Exchange
(hereinafter referred to as the LME) for copper, lead, zinc, nickel, silver and tin and London Bullion
Market Association price (comnl0nly- know as London price) for gold during the period of computation
of royalty. The foreign exchange rate for conversion of rupee shall be the selling rate on the last date of
the period of computation as published in news paper namely, The Economic Times. For the LME prices
as well as for
London Price of the commodity, any of the following three sources shall be refered to, namely:
(I) Non-ferrous Report: Minerals arid Metals Review 28/30, Anantwadi, P.O.BOX 2749, Mumbai 400002
(II) Metal Bulletin,
16, Lower Marsh,
London, SE-17 RJ.
(III) World Metal Statistics ;( Monthly or Quarterly Summary),
by world Bureau of Matel Statistics,
27a High Street, Ware, Heart SG12 9BA, United Kingdom
Case 4: For by- product gold and silver:
The guidelines for computation of ad valorem royalty shall be linked to the total quantity of metal
produced and the LME price for silver-and London Bullion Market Association price (commonly known
as London price) for gold as in the case 3 above. However -in the case, the actual final production of the
metal shall be considered instead of the metal content in the ore produced for the purposes of computing
royalty.
Case 5: For minerals produced in captive mines (other than aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, tin,
nickel, gold and silver) and those not actually sold:
In India the minerals for the purposes of this case mean the minerals produced fr9m captive mines (other
than aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, tin, and nickel, gold and silver) and which are not actually sold.
For computation of ad valorem royalty on such mineral, an notional cost shall be arrived at on the basis of
the cost of production. The cost of production shall be reported by the mine owners in the Annual Return
of a year in the manner specified in the Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 1988 after taking
into account the items specified in the list annexed with this case and, then, from these reported cost of
production the elements of royalty, taxes and dead rent, as may be applicable, shall be deducted. The net
cost thus arrived at shall be the basis for computation of ad valorem royalty during the period following
that year.
List:
The lists of items to be taken into account for computation of the gross cost of production are the
following, namely:
(1)
Direct Cost:
(IV) Interest
(a) Exploration
(V) Royalty
(b) Mining
(VI) Taxes
(c) Beneficiation
(VII) Dead Rant
(II) Over head cost
(VIII) Packing Charges
(Ill) Depreciation
(IX)
Research
and
Development
expenditure
Note: - The State Governments may, if necessary, introduce systems of advance payment for the purpose
of royalty collection and they may also impose any additional conditions in a accordance with
the law for the time being in force.
..
6. In Schedule I to the Principal Rules, in Form 'A' and Form 'B', after the figure and word.
"I mile scale", the word and figures "or 1:50,000" shall be inserted.
(ENO. 7/3/99 /M-VT)
S.P. Gupta, Jt. Secy.
Note: - The principal rules were published in the official Gazette vide GSRNo.1398 dated 26.11.1960
(Notification No.M-II-159(1)/57 dated 11.11.1960)
Amendment in mineral conservation and development rules
NOTIFICATION
New Delhi, the 25th September, 2000
G.S.R.744 (E):- In exercise of the powers conferred by section 18 of the Mines and Minerals
(Development and Regulation) ACT, 1957 (67 of 1957), the Central Government here by makes the
following rules further to amend the Minerals Conservation and Development Rules, 1988, namely :
1. These rules may be called Mineral Conservation and Development (Second Amendment) Rules,2000.
2. They shall come into force on the date of their publication in the official Gazette.
3. In the Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 1988 in rule 42, for the portion beginning with
the brackets figure and words "(I) in case of a mine "and ending with the words a whole-time mining
engineer", the following shall be substituted, namely:
"(I) In case of the following category A'mines a whole-time mining engineer, namely:
(A) Fully mechanised category 'A' mines which shall be such mines where the work is being carried out by
development of heavy mining machinery for deep hole drilling, excavation, loading and transport and
(B) Other than fully mechanised category 'A'mines which shall be such mines where the number of
average employment exceeds one hundred and fifty in all or seventy-five in workings below ground, or a
mine where any of the mining operations like deep hole drilling, excavation, loading and transport is
carried out with the help of heavy machinery",
Sd.J
S.P. Gupta, Jt. Secy.
(F.No.7 /3/99 /M-VI)
Note :- The principal rules were published in the official gazette vide GSR 1023(E) dated the 24th
October, 1988 and were subsequently amended vide GSR 227(E) dated the 22nd April,1991, GSR 580(E)
dated the 4th August,1995 and GSR 55 (E) dated the 18th January,2000.