Page 1 AP Chemistry Syllabus Office Hours: 2:30 pm until 3:10 pm. I can occasionally be reached from 7:35 am – 8:00 am AP Chemistry AP Chemistry is a course designed to provide you with a good background in a first year college chemistry course. There will be many times where outside work will be required. You will need to make arrangements around any extracurricular activities, work, employment, etc. as needed. Homework and laboratory assignments will be provided in the first week of class. It is your responsibility to come prepared each day for class. Lectures will be given three days per week for approximately 1 ½ hours. Two days per week will be spent conducting laboratories. Classes are on block scheduling for a total of 90 minute classes. Tutoring is available with scheduling. Class will be comprised of lecture, lab procedures, occasional practice problems (to reinforce presented material), group discussion and minimal review. Tests may be given after each unit has been covered. Quizzes will be given and will be both announced and unannounced. Lab notebooks and homework will be graded on effort and accuracy. Students who enter this class should have a good understanding of the following topics: Proficient use of the Metric System IUPAC Nomenclature Names, Charges, and Formulas for Polyatomic Ions Gas laws ( KMT, Boyle’s, Charles’, Avogadro’s Laws) Stoichiometry and Molar Relationships Electronic Structure (i.e. configurations, Lewis structures, electronegativity, VSEPR) Nuclear Chemistry Solution Chemistry (i.e. pH, pOH, molarity, dilutions and titrations, colligative properties, Intermolecular and Intramolecular bonding) Good laboratory techniques and proper lab notebook format If you feel you do not have a good understanding of any of these topics please make arrangements to meet with me privately. Prerequisites Chemistry I and II are required with no less than a “C” average in both classes. Your lab performances from these classes will also be evaluated for consideration of this course. Interactive Math I and II are prerequisites with no less than a “C” average in either class. Interactive III is preferred, but arrangements may be made accordingly. Page 2 Required Texts Chemistry the Central Science, Brown, Lemay, Bursten, Murphy, 11th edition, Prentice Hall, 2009. ISBN 0-13-601879-3 Chemistry Matter and Change, Buthelezi, Dingrando, Hainen, Wistrom, Zike, McGrawHill, 2008. ISBN 978-0-07-874637-6 Additional texts may be utilized in the school library. Course Goals Provide students with the knowledge required to function in a scientific setting in order to complete laboratories, participate in group settings and work efficiently with others. Each student will be able to write a college-level laboratory report that includes but is not limited to the procedure outline, basis for results, chart, graphs, calculations as necessary, and conclusions. Students will produce and maintain a professional laboratory notebook and record pertinent data in an organized manner. Students will be able to function in a college setting where an instructor’s input is minimal. Students will learn to utilize resources such as the Handbook of Chemistry, other chemistry texts and procedure manuals. Each student will complete the AP Chemistry Exam in May and be able to make an acceptable score. Page 3 Laboratory Procedures Proper laboratory safety and procedures will be discussed at the beginning of the class. If a student is unable to follow these guidelines, the following will result: 1st offense – Depending on severity – a warning, 2nd offense – Student will be dismissed from the lab and receive a grade of zero. Labs will be conducted approximately two days a week. You are allotted one absence from laboratory experiments without penalty. The next absence will need to be made up before school on a date predetermined by the instructor. Laboratory notebooks will be graded once per term. Lab notebooks will be reduced by 50% if they are late. Laboratory exercises will require you to work in a group setting. You will not only employ your lab partner, but the group as a whole. It will require you to collect any pertinent data, utilize that data as necessary, research any additional material needed, and formally report your conclusions. All laboratory experiments are hands on. This process will not be one that is completed in only one day or hour. It may take multiple attempts, days and collaborations with other lab groups. Laboratory procedures may also require additional information from references other than your book. You will need to be familiar with the Handbook of Chemistry. If you have forgotten the skills needed to use this book please see me for assistance before the day of lab. There will be a laboratory examination at the end of the course. Students will need to be able to apply concepts, mathematical data and relationships, and general chemical and laboratory knowledge in order to succeed on this exam. IT IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO COME TO LAB DRESSED APPROPRIATELY! DO NOT ASK TO BORROW, CHANGE, OR CALL HOME FOR CLOTHES! INAPPROPRIATE DRESS WILL RESULT IN A ZERO! Grading Scale and Policy Students will be graded based on the school’s present system. This scale can be found in the School Policy/Procedures Handbook. The following content will be evaluated. These percentages are subject to change depending upon the material covered. Other content may be added and evaluated by the instructor. 30% 20% 20% 15% 15% Tests Homework (effort and accuracy) Lab Notebook (neatness, effort, and calculations/results) Laboratory Procedures Quizzes Page 4 Grading Scale and Policy cont’d Students that score below 70% on tests will need to complete test corrections. Simply changing the answer will not be sufficient. The student must explain in a professional manner how they reached the corrected answer. You will need to analyze what you did wrong and how you resolved the problem. These corrections will be due three days after receiving the test back from the instructor. Test corrections are MANDATORY, no exceptions. Homework is due at the end of each section. We will discuss any problems you had with the homework before the Unit Test. The problems will be provided the first week of class with the laboratory experiment outline. If you are aware you will be absent the day homework is due make sure to turn it in early. Late homework will be reduced by 50%. Page 5 Curriculum Map Coordinated with Understanding By Design Course: AP Chemistry # of Weeks 2 1 Unit/Major Topic Introduction and Review Gases Subtopic(s) Laboratory Safety Metric Conversions Atomic Structure and Models Nomenclature Stoichiometry ( Percent Composition, Limiting Reactants, Empirical/Molecular Formulas) Net Ionic Equations General Solution Chemistry Boyle's, Charles' and Avogadro's Law Ideal Gas Law Partial Pressures, Combined Gas Law Kinetic Molecular Theory Van der Waals Equation AP Standards I. A. Atomic theory and atomic structure 1. Evidence for the atomic theory 2. Atomic masses; determination by chemical and physical means 3. Atomic number and mass number; isotopes Laboratory Experiments II. States of Matter C. Solutions 2. Methods of expressing concentration (use of normalities is not tested) B. Stoichiometry 1. Ionic and molecular species present in chemical systems: net ionic equations 3. Mass and volume relations with emphasis on the mole concept, including empirical formulas and limiting reactants II. States of Matter A. Gases 1. Laws of ideal gases a. Equation of state for an ideal gas b. Partial pressures 2. Kinetic molecular theory a. Interpretation of ideal gas laws on the basis of this theory b. Avogadro’s hypothesis and the mole concept c. Dependence of kinetic energy of molecules on temperature d. Deviations from ideal gas laws Using Metric Equipment for Measurements Synthesis of Alum Grahams Law Page 6 # of Weeks Unit/Major Topic 1 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions -- Oxidation and Reduction 2 Thermochemistry Subtopic(s) AP Standards I. Structure of Matter A. Atomic theory and atomic structure 5. Periodic relationships including, for example, atomic radii, ionization energies, electron affinities, oxidation states Laboratory Experiments III. Reactions A. Reaction types 2. Precipitation reactions 3. Oxidation-reduction reactions a. Oxidation number b. The role of the electron in oxidation-reduction Oxidation States Balancing OxidationReduction Equations State Functions Enthalpy Hess's Law Heat of Formation and Reaction Constant Pressure Calorimetry Alternative Fuel Sources Coal and Our Region Entropy and Free Energy Calculating Free Energy through Enthalpy and Entropy B. Stoichiometry 2. Balancing of equations including those for redox reactions III. Reactions E. Thermodynamics 1. State functions 2. First law: change in enthalpy; heat of formation; heat of reaction; Hess’s law; heats of vaporization and fusion; calorimetry 3. Second law: entropy; free energy of formation; free energy of reaction; dependence of change in free energy on enthalpy and entropy changes Determining Iron by Redox Titration Calorimetry Constants and Determining Specific Heat through Calorimetry Heats of Metal/Acid Reactions Enthalpy of Sodium Hydroxide and Hydrochloric Acid Page 7 # of Weeks 2 Unit/Major Topic Subtopic(s) Bonding Quantum Mechanical Model (VSEPR) Trends in the Periodic Table (electronegativity, ionization, atomic radii) Lewis Structures & Electron Configuration Review Hybridization of Orbitals (Atomic & Molecular) 1 Liquids and Solids Dipole Moments Van der Waals Forces Phase Change Diagrams Solubility Conditions Ideal Solutions (Raoult's Law) Colligative Properties Osmosis AP Standards I. Structure of Matter A. Atomic theory and atomic structure 4. Electron energy levels: atomic spectra, quantum numbers, atomic orbitals Laboratory Experiments B. Chemical bonding 1. Binding forces a. Types: ionic, covalent, metallic, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals (including London dispersion forces) c. Polarity of bonds, electronegativities 2. Molecular models a. Lewis structures b. Valence bond: hybridization of orbitals, resonance, sigma and pi bonds c. VSEPR 3. Geometry of molecules and ions, dipole moments of molecules II. States of Matter B. Liquids and solids 4. Structure of solids; lattice energies Molecular Structure and Models I. Structure of Matter B. Chemical bonding 1. Binding forces a. Types: ionic, covalent, metallic, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals (including London dispersion forces) b. Relationships to states, structure, and properties of matter II. States of Matter B. Liquids and solids 1. Liquids and solids from the kinetic-molecular viewpoint 2. Phase diagrams of one-component systems 3. Changes of state, including critical points and triple points C. Solutions 3. Raoult’s law and colligative properties (nonvolatile solutes); osmosis Molecular Mass by Freezing 4. Nonideal behavior (qualitative aspects) Point Determination Page 8 # of Weeks 1 Unit/Major Topic Subtopic(s) Kinetics Reaction Rates and Laws Mechanisms Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts 1 1 1 Equilibrium Electrochemistry Equilibrium Constants Calculating Equilibrium Positions and Solving Problems Brief Review of Oxidation Reduction Galvanic Cells Reduction Potentials Nernst Equation and Faraday's Laws Batteries AP Standards III. Reactions D. Kinetics 1. Concept of rate of reaction 2. Use of experimental data and graphical analysis to determine reactant order, rate constants, and reaction rate laws 3. Effect of temperature change on rates 4. Energy of activation; the role of catalysts 5. The relationship between the rate-determining step and a mechanism II. States of Matter C. Solutions 1. Types of solutions and factors affecting solubility III. Reactions C. Equilibrium 1. Concept of dynamic equilibrium, physical and chemical; Le Chatelier’s principle; equilibrium constants III. Reactions 3. Oxidation-reduction reactions c. Electrochemistry: electrolytic and galvanic cells; Faraday’s laws; standard half-cell potentials; Nernst equation; prediction of the direction of redox reactions E. Thermodynamics 4. Relationship of change in free energy to equilibrium constants and electrode potentials Laboratory Experiments Clock Reaction Determination of Equilibrium Constant for the Formation of FeSCN Electrode Potential Lab I. Structure of Matter B. Chemical bonding 1. Binding forces b. Relationships to states, structure, and properties of matter Representative and Transition Metals Group Presentation Project Coordination Compounds Naming and Bonding in Coordination Compounds 3. Geometry of molecules and ions, structural isomerism of simple organic molecules and coordination complexes;; relation of properties to structure Qualitative Analysis of Cations and Anions Qualitative Determinations Page 9 # of Weeks 1 1 Unit/Major Topic Organic Chemistry Test Review Subtopic(s) Review Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons and Functional Groups Isomers Enantiomers Addition Reactions Review Test Format Practice Test Questions for Essay Questions AP Standards I. Structure of Matter B. Chemical bonding 3. Geometry of molecules and ions, structural isomerism of simple organic molecules and coordination complexes; relation of properties to structure Laboratory Experiments Synthesis of Esters Optional Weekend Review Page 10 This is to certify that I have read the syllabus and am aware of the laboratory policy, grading policy and course fees. This is also to certify that my parent/guardian has read the course syllabus and is aware of the instructor's phone number, office hours, e-mail address, laboratory policy, grading policy and course fees. Parents/Guardians please feel free to contact me at any time about concerns. ___________________________________ Parent/Guardian ________________ Date ___________________________________ Student ________________ Date