Name: Date: Period:
If an organism is symmetrical, it will be classified as one of the following:

BILATERAL SYMMETRY: An organism that can be divided into mirror images (divided through one plane)

RADIAL SYMMETRY: An organism that has a top and a bottom only, no right or left sides. It can be divided into (roughly) identical pieces along many planes. (Example: a pizza pie)
If an organism is ASYMMETRICAL, it does not have any symmetry.
RADIAL
RADIAL
BILATERAL
RADIAL
ASYMMETRY
RADIAL
ASYMMETRY
BILATERAL
BILATERAL
You are going to create an animal cell….hmmm…what does that look like?
Well, an animal cell contains all of the cell parts we have talked about so far, EXCEPT, it does not include a CELL WALL, CHLOROPLASTS, or an EXTRA LARGE VACUOLE.
Match the cell parts with its function. When you finish, use the back of this packet to draw a cell model, making sure it include all of these organelles.
Functions:
A – Contains DNA (we have 46) B – Contains enzymes and “chews” up/recycles cell parts*
C – The environment of the cell (jelly-like)
E – Controls the cell
G – Surrounds the nucleus
I – Transports proteins
K – Makes ENERGY! (respiration occurs here)
D –Surrounds the animal cell (holds in all cell parts)
F – Packages materials *
H – Makes proteins
J – stores waste, water, etc.
D cell membrane
G nuclear membrane
E nucleus
B lysosome*
C cytoplasm F Golgi Bodies*
(*is a new organelle)
H ribosomes
K mitochondria
J
I
A chromosome vacuole
ER

Most organisms in Phyla Porifera and Cnidaria are SESSILE creatures, meaning, they are stationary. There are Cnidarians that, in the Medusa form, can move about freely. The way these organisms can mate and produce offspring is important for the existence of their species.
Many sponges reproduce ASEXUALLY by BUDDING. This is when the parent cells can create a new organism, simply from replicating their own cells (remember – mitosis). Other sponges can reproduce SEXUALLY by releasing sperm into the water. These sperm are carried by water currents out of the Osculum of one sponge and into the interior cavity of another sponge, where they are transferred to eggs. Most sponges contain both male and female sex cells, or hermaphrodites.
Cnidarians are organisms that can reproduce both SEXUALLY and ASEXUALLY. Hydra, one type of freshwater Cnidarian, can reproduce through BUDDING or SEXUAL REPRODUCTION. Cnidarians exhibit open-water fertilization, in that the male organisms release sperm into the water and it is collected by the female, who then releases fertilized eggs. The larvae (once the egg is fertilized and grows, it becomes larvae) is free-swimming (meaning it can move in the ocean).
How would the offspring of a hydra formed by asexual reproduction be different from the offspring of a hydra formed by sexual reproduction? (Think about your DNA and how you were created)
The DNA from an individual formed through asexual reproduction would be the EXACT same as its parent. The DNA would be an identical copy. An individual formed through SEXUAL reproduction would be a combination of the two parents. It would NOT be an identical copy of any parent.
Cnidarians free-swimming larvae allows the sessile creature to spread their colonies out. How is this beneficial for the species?
They will not be directly on top of each other. The species would better its chances for survival if it is given the opportunity to spread out in the body of water it is living in.
Opinion: Is it more advantageous to reproduce ASEXUALLY or SEXUALLY? Explain your answer: I will accept any answer here. It is more advantageous to reproduce asexually if the organism can not move about and find a mate. It allows the organism to create more without the cost of energy of finding a mate. On the other hand sexual reproduction leads to diversity within the species. This diversity may lead to a “better and stronger” species being created.
Directions:
Use half of a jar of play-doh to create a sponge for the Polyp body plan, identifying the following structures: Osculum,
pores, holdfast (like the roots that hold it to the ocean floor). Use the identification tags to place them in the correct location.
Use the play-doh to create a jellyfish in the form of a Medusa body plan. Identify the following structure: Tentacles and
Cnidocytes.

Use the pictures inside the folders to classify the organisms into their appropriate Phyla. Write the number of the picture next to the Phyla.
When you are finished, come up to the front to check your answers with the answer key.
PORIFERA – use your notes to help with identifying these organisms
1, 2,
CNIDERIA – use your notes to help with identifying these organisms
3, 4, 5, 6
ECHINODERMATA – organisms that have spiny skin, usually have radial symmetry
7, 8, 9, 10, 17
ARTHROPODA – organisms that have an exoskeleton, jointed appendages, segmented bodies; there are 4 main classes of arthropods: insecta (insects), crustacean (lobsters, etc.), myriapoda (centipedes, millipedes), and arachnida (spiders)
11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 20, 21, 22,
MOLLUSCA – organisms that have a soft body, there are 3 main classes: gastropoda (snails and slugs), bivalvia (clams), cephalopoda (octopus)
19, 24, 25, 26
ANNELIDA – worms that are segmented (earthworms) 15, 16, 23
Use the microscopes to look at the slide of the Hydra. Hydra are freshwater organisms. Draw your picture below.
Title: _________________________
Magnification: _______________
This hydra is a predator. It will eat small prey like Daphnia, which are crustaceans. The hydra will catch its prey by using its cnidocytes (they have barbed nematocysts on the end of these cells that sting the prey).
It will pull it into its internal cavity where it will use digestive enzymes to
“eat” its prey. It will then spit out the waste through its mouth (YES, that is what I said, it only has one opening, and eats and excretes out
the same opening).
What is the niche (carnivore, omnivore, herbivore) of a Hydra?
_ CARNIVORE _
Is this Hydra a POLYP or a MEDUSA body plan? POLYP ____

A cnidocyte fires upon being stimulated. Did you know that a cnidocyte can fire in about 700 nanoseconds!
, that is fast!
Directions: You and your lab partners are going to face off! That’s right, GAME ON! Fastest person wins a REWARD!
Each person gets two chances to have the fastest reaction time.
Record your average time here: trial 1: ________________ trial 2: _________________
Here is the link: http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/sleep/sheep/reaction_version5.swf
Draw your animal cell below (from station 2)