ELC Science Worksheet
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Learning Outcome 1

Reflex actions are automatic and rapid.
Complete the sentences by using the words from the box below.
thinking
slower
quicker
injury
learn
hot
Reflex actions are ones that you do without t___________, so they are even q__________.
An example of this is when you pull your hand away quickly if you touch something h_____ .
Reflex actions save your body from i___________.
Actions that you have to l________________ (like catching a ball thrown to you) are a lot
s_______________ .
Match the reflexes to the stimuli and then the benefit
Reflex
Stimulus
What it protects
blinking
irritants in throat
foot from danger
iris (muscles in the
eye)
standing on a sharp nail
barefoot
eye
sneezing
tendons below knee cap
stretched
lungs
coughing
foreign particles in the
nose
hand from burning
knee-jerk
touching a hot plate
retina of the eye
rapid withdrawal
dust in the eye
balance
dropping
change in light intensity
lungs
Copyright © 2011 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales
(company number 3644723). Registered address: AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX
ELC Science Worksheet
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Learning Outcome 2

A healthy diet contains the right balance of the different foods you need and the right
amount of energy.
Complete the sentences by using the words from the box below.
fat
carbohydrate
minerals
balanced
enough
obese
fibre
A healthy diet contains:

c_______________________

proteins

f_______________________

vitamins

m_______________________

f_______________________

water
Malnourished means when the diet is not b_____________________
If we are too fat, we are said to be o_______________ .
We may get too thin if we don’t eat e_______________ food
Match the food content to the source of food.
Food content
Source of food
Fat
Meat/ cheese/ egg/ fish
Carbohydrates
Vegetables/ fruits/ cereals
Proteins
Liver/ red meat/ cheese/ milk/ toothpaste
Fibre
Butter/ oil/ margarine
Vitamins
All kinds of drink
Minerals
Vegetables, fruit, cereal, wholemeal bread, jacket potatoes
Water
Bread, rice, potatoes
Copyright © 2011 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales
(company number 3644723). Registered address: AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX
ELC Science Worksheet
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Learning Outcome 3

People who exercise regularly are usually fitter than people who take little exercise.
Exercise and fitness
Pulse rate increases with exercise
Choose the correct word from each pair in the sentences below.

When you exercise, your heart beat (increases / decreases).

If you are (fit/ unfit), it increases much more than if you are fit.

It will also return to normal more (slowly / quickly), if you are unfit.

The (more / less) fit you are, the better your heart and blood vessels circulate blood.

If you are fit you have (less / more) chance of getting heart disease.
Exercise
Complete the sentences by using the words from the box below.
working
pulse
faster
muscles
lungs
heart
oxygen
Exercise has the following effects:
It decreases the resting h_________ rate and blood pressure.
It increases the vital capacity of the l___________ .
More o____________ is transferred to the lungs at each breath.
It keeps the m_____________ toned, tendons supple and the joints w________________
properly.
The greater the fitness, the f______________ the pulse rate will return to normal when the
exercise stops.
Copyright © 2011 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales
(company number 3644723). Registered address: AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX
ELC Science Worksheet
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Learning Outcome 4

Drugs affect our body chemistry.

Medical drugs are developed and tested before being used to relieve illness or
disease.

Some people use drugs recreationally. Some of these drugs are legal, some illegal.
Drugs; addiction and withdrawal symptoms (heroin and cocaine)
A drug is a substance from outside the body, which affects chemical reactions inside a body.
Main groups are: stimulants, sedatives, hallucinogens and painkillers.
Join each definition to its correct meaning.
Definitions
Meanings
Stimulants
Make you feel, see or hear things which don’t really
exist
Sedatives
Suppress the part of the brain which gives us the
sense of pain
Hallucinogens
Slow down the brain and makes you feel sleepy
Painkillers
Speed up the brain and make you more alert
Complete the sentences by using the words from the box below.
dependent
withdrawal
drugs
addiction
If you become d___________ on drugs it can lead to addiction.
An addict is a person with an a___________ .
An addict continues to use d__________ to avoid the effects that follow.
They get w_____________________ symptoms if they stop using them.
Copyright © 2011 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales
(company number 3644723). Registered address: AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX
ELC Science Worksheet
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Learning Outcome 5

Bacteria and viruses may reproduce rapidly inside the body and may produce
poisons (toxins) that make us feel ill.

Viruses damage cells in which they reproduce.
Reproduction of bacteria and viruses
Complete the sentences by using the words from the box below.
damaged
warm
disease
rapidly
symptoms
infection
poisons
toxins

Viruses and bacteria may cause d____________ .

They damage and destroy cells or release t___________ into the body.

The human body is w_____________ and moist, which is an ideal environment for
b____________ to reproduce r________ .

When the viruses or bacteria reproduce, our body cells are d___________ by the
release of p______________ .

High temperature or fever is one of the common s_____________ of and illness or
i____________.
Copyright © 2011 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales
(company number 3644723). Registered address: AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX
ELC Science Worksheet
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Learning Outcome 6

White blood cells help to defend against bacteria by ingesting them, and red blood
cells are responsible for transporting oxygen around the body.
White blood cells help to defend our body
Complete the sentences by using the words from the box below.
bacteria
cell
surrounds
disease
ingesting
White blood cells fight against d_______________ by “eating” or i__________ them.
The white blood cell moves around and s_____________________ the bacterium.
When the b__________ are inside the white blood c_____ they are broken down.
Copyright © 2011 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales
(company number 3644723). Registered address: AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX
ELC Science Worksheet
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Red blood cells
Choose the correct word from each pair in the sentences below.

Red blood cells carry (oxygen / nitrogen) around our body.

They are shaped like a (doughnut / hot dog), or a disc with a flattened middle.

They are carried around in the (blood stream / digestive system)
Copyright © 2011 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales
(company number 3644723). Registered address: AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX
ELC Science Worksheet
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Learning Outcome 7

Antibiotics, including penicillin, are medicines that help to cure bacterial disease by
killing infective bacteria inside the body

They cannot be used to kill viruses.
Choose the correct word from each pair in the sentences below.

Chemicals like (antibiotics / painkillers) relieve the symptoms by killing germs.

Antibiotics (can / cannot) kill bacteria.

Antibiotics (can / cannot) kill viruses.

Painkillers can reduce (infection / symptoms).

Penicillin is used to cure (bacterial / viral) diseases.

Penicillin kills the infective (bacteria / virus) inside the body.
Copyright © 2011 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales
(company number 3644723). Registered address: AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX
ELC Science Worksheet
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Learning Outcome 8

Many processes within the body are coordinated by chemical substances called
hormones.
 Hormones are secreted by glands and are transported to their target organs by the
bloodstream.
Complete the sentences by using the words from the box below.
glands
blood
chemical
behaviour
change
Hormones are c__________ substances produced in the body by g_________________ .
When they have been released, they are carried in the b_______________ to a different
part of the body.
When they reach their destination, they can cause a c__________ in the body.
Some hormones produce a change in the b_______________ of the person.
Copyright © 2011 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales
(company number 3644723). Registered address: AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX
ELC Science Worksheet
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Learning Outcome 9
Several hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle of a woman, including some that are
involved in promoting the release of an egg.
The menstrual cycle.
Complete the sentences by using the words from the box below.
hormones
fertilised
menstruation twenty eight

ovary
behaviour
fourteen
cycle
egg
An e____ has to be released from the o________ before it can become
f__________________

The release of eggs is controlled by h____________ in the woman’s body

The menstrual c_________ lasts about t________________ days

An egg is released around day f_________________

At the end of the cycle, the lining of the womb is replaced. This is known as
m_________________, or a period.
Copyright © 2011 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales
(company number 3644723). Registered address: AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX
ELC Science Worksheet
Component 1: Keeping healthy

Component 1: Keeping healthy
Learning Outcome 10

The uses of hormones in controlling fertility include:
- giving oral contraceptives that contain hormones to inhibit eggs from maturing
- giving fertility drugs to stimulate eggs to mature.
One process in the human body that is controlled by hormones is conception.
True or false? Read the statements and tick the correct column.
Statements
True
False
Hormones are used in some contraceptive pills.
Some hormones are used in oral contraception.
Some hormones stop the eggs from maturing.
The contraceptive pill does not contain female hormones.
When the contraceptive pill is not taken regularly, the artificial
hormone level drops.
When the above happens, the body’s own hormone can take over
and an egg can be released.
Some hormones can stimulate the eggs in the ovary to mature.
Hormones have no effect on fertility.
Copyright © 2011 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales
(company number 3644723). Registered address: AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX
ELC Science Worksheet
Component 1: Keeping healthy
Advantages and disadvantages of artificial control of fertility
Write A for advantage and D for disadvantage next to the statements.

In the developing world, using the pill has helped to make the average family size
smaller.

The pill has caused health problems.

There is less poverty because people have fewer mouths to feed.

The pill has helped to control population growth in countries like China.

The use of fertility drugs can have health risks for the mother and it can be expensive
for society.

In many countries in the developing world, the pill may not be available because of
lack of doctors, money and education.

Large multiple births cost money to keep premature babies alive.

Some religious groups think that controlling fertility is denying life and ban use of the
pill.

The mature eggs, produced by a woman using fertility drugs, may be stored for later
use.
Copyright © 2011 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales
(company number 3644723). Registered address: AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX