Chapter 16 Objectives
After reading this chapter, studying outside of class, completing all assignments,
study guide, and attending class, you should be able to:
1. Summarize the experiments of Griffith, Hershey and Chase, and Chargaff
which provided evidence that DNA was the genetic material
2. List the three components of a nucleotide
3. Distinguish between deoxyribose and ribose
4. List the nitrogen bases found in DNA and distinguis between pyrimidines
and purines
5. Explain how Watson & Crick deduced the structure of DNA
6. Explain the "base-pairing" rule and describe its significance
7. Describe the structure of DNA including descriptions of the bonds which
hold the parts of a strand together as well as the two strands to each other
8. Explain semi-conservative replication
9. Describe the process of DNA replication, including the roles of helicase,
single-strand binding protein, DNA polymerase, ligase and primase
10. Define "antiparallel" as it applies to DNA structure and explain its
relationship to the discontinuous synthesis of DNA
11. Distinguish between the leading and lagging strand during DNA synthesis
12. Explain how the lagging strand is synthesized when DNA polymerase can
add nucleotides ony to the 3' end of a growing chain
Chapter 17 Objectives
After reading this chapter, studying outside of class, completing all assignments,
study guide, and attending class, you should be able to:
1. Explain both the "one gene-one enzyme" and one "gene-one polypeptide"
hypotheses and describe which is currently viewed as the correct model of
the relationship between gene and protein
2. Explain the differences between RNA and DNA
3. Provide a general narrative description of how information flows from gene
to protein
4. Distinguish between transcription and translation
5. Explain the differences in spatial organization of the processes of
transcription and translation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
6. Define codon and explain the relationship between the linear sequence of
amino acids in a polypeptide and the sequence of codons in mRNA
7. Name the three stop codons and one start codon
8. Read a table of genetic codons
9. Explain in what ways the genetic code is redundant and unambiguous
10. Explain the significance of a universal genetic code
11. Distinguish among mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
12. Explain how the structure of tRNA is related to its function
13. Predict the corresponding codons transcribed on mRNA and the
anticodons on tRNA when given a sequence of bases in DNA
14. Explain how eukaryotic mRNA is processed before it leaves the nucleus
15. Explain why base-pair deletions or insertions usually have a greater effect
than base-pair substitutions