Name: _________________________________ Hour: _________ NB#: ________
• Politics of the Kennedy and Johnson Administration
• Election of 1960
• ___________________ (Eisenhower’s VP)-Republican nominee
• _________________ (Mass. Senator)-Democrat nominee
___________________ (TX Senator) chosen as VP running mate
to gain Southern support
• Issues of the campaign
Kennedy claims US has fallen behind in Cold War
__________________
Nixon says administration is on track
Religion becomes an issue due to Kennedy’s Catholicism
• Debate/Campaign
• First ________________________ sways many towards
___________________
• TV coverage/ commercials made candidates more of a
_________________________and emphasized image
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfmuI0FkgTs&feature=rela
ted
• Results
• One of closest elections in US history
• Kennedy wins by margin of 119,000 votes out of 68,000,000
(49.7%-Kennedy 49.5%-Nixon)
• 303-209 in Electoral College, 15 go to independent
• _______________________________, April 17, 1961
• Failed attempt to overthrow Castro in Cuba
• CIA trained Cuban exiles, La Brigada
• Boats run aground and Kennedy ______________________
• Hurts public image of US and Kennedy
• ___________________, August 1961
• Constructed by East Germans with Soviet support to prevent
movement to West Berlin
• Kennedy travels to Berlin and US/ NATO refuse to withdraw
from West Berlin
• _______________________, October 1962
• Americans discover the placement of Soviet missiles in Cuba
• Kennedy orders ___________________ to prevent shipment of
more missiles
• USSR agrees to withdraw missiles if US will not invade Cuba
(and secretly withdraw missiles from______________)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3fDkx7JZW0&feature=rel
ated&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
• Space Race
• Soviets are first to place ____________________ (1961)
• Kennedy makes national goal of __________________ in 1962
speech
• Space program goes through Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo
phases before moon landing in 1969
• Policies toward the “Third World”
• Kennedy viewed these as source of future struggles with
communism
• “_____________________”: series of projects to repair
relations with and stabilize Latin America
• __________________: sending American volunteers abroad to
assist in developing areas
• Assassination of President John F Kennedy
• Shooting of Kennedy
JFK did campaign visits across south with LBJ
JFK in _______________, November 22, 1963
• Aftermath
LBJ sworn in on plane back to Washington, DC
___________________ arrested and shot by Jack Ruby
___________________ concludes Oswald lone assassin
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1q91RZko5Gw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9MLc0udf_74
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gcaq4ElAJrE
• Warning Graphic Autopsy
Name: _________________________________ Hour: _________ NB#: ________
• Election of 1964
• LBJ runs for re-election
• ___________________ (AZ senator)-Republican candidate
• Issues of campaign
Goldwater runs on platform of ___________________
“extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice”
LBJ portrays Goldwater as _______________
LBJ attempts to continue ___________________
• Results
LBJ wins re-election in landslide victory (all but five Southern
states and AZ)
61% to 38% and 486-52
• LBJ Civil Rights Achievements
• __________________________
Barred discrimination in _____________________
Barred discrimination in
____________________________________________
• _____________________ (1964)
Outlaws ______________ in federal elections
• ________________________________
Eliminate barriers to voter registration (literacy tests)
Send federal officials to challenge voting discrimination
• _____________________________
Barring racial discrimination in______________
• LBJ’s __________________
Purpose
____________________-large scale program on similar scale to
New Deal
Focus of program was ____________________, education, “war
on poverty,” and consumer/environmental protection
• Programs
• _______________-health insurance program for those over 65
• ____________-government paid health care for low income
families
• ___________________-pre-school for disadvantaged children
• Office of Economic Opportunity-coordinated employment
programs including ____________________ (domestic peace
corps)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kx0K637mBVE&safety_mo
de=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Demise
__________________ causes lack of focus on poverty programs
LBJ does not run for reelection in 1968
VIETNAM
The Situation
 Before WWII Vietnam was part of the _________________
 During WWII Vietnam was overrun by the _________________
 After WWII France was given back control of ________________, but
_______________ formed its own government, led by _______________
The French in Vietnam
 In 1946, the French began to reclaim North Vietnam
 Ho Chi Minh and his _______________ guerillas fought to retain their
independence
Growing opposition to French control
 By 1950, the Viet Minh were supported by _______ and the _________
 In late 1953, French troops sent into _______________ were defeated by
the Viet Minh’s _________________
 France left Vietnam in __________
__________________________________
 Vietnam split at the ____________ with pressure from the USSR & US
Name: _________________________________ Hour: _________ NB#: ________
 _________________ was given charge of _________________,
_________________ was given charge of _________________
Friction between the North and South
 US supported Ngo Dinh Diem who opposed communism but ruled as a
_________________
 The North Vietnamese, supported by China and the Soviet Union,
_________________________ to their oppressed neighbors to the South
 In 1956, the Viet Minh formed the ______________________________
and fought in the South
 The ________________, South Vietnamese communists, used guerilla
warfare in the South__________________________________
 The US wanted to contain communism in _________________, fearing its
spread to the South then to _________________
 The US sent increasing numbers of special forces to train the South
Vietnamese to fight the _________________
America steps up its involvement
 In 1963, Diem was _________________ and _________________ by the
South Vietnamese army
 In 1964, an American destroyer was attacked by North Vietnamese
gunboats in the _________________
 The US Congress passed the __________________________________
which allowed the president to take "___________________________" to
protect the United States and its allies
 ___________________________________________________
 Peak American Involvement
 Viet Cong continued to use ____________________
 Shoot and run
 ___________________
 Blend in with the civilian population
 1968 ________________________ – VC changed strategies and attacked directly
 Sparks massive American protests and causes LBJ to not seek reelection
 Tet Offensive (1968)
 Changing American Strategy and Attitudes
 Nixon wins election in 1968 hoping for “peace with honor”
 _______________________: training and equipping South Vietnamese to assume
combat role in place of Americans
 Gradual reductions in US troop numbers from 1969 to 1973
 ___________________________: wanting to prevent attacks by North
Vietnamese on South Vietnam from neighboring Cambodia
 Restarts mass protests against war effort, including deadly protests at
____________________
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pr-zRI7Gu-U&feature=related
 Renewed shifts of opinion against the war
 Congress revokes authority of Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
 __________________ excerpts of Defense Dept. documents showing govt.
justifications by war published by New York Times in 1971
 ______________________ killing of over 300 unarmed South Vietnamese
civilians, with military personnel put on trial
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3wKQLE7nks
 End of American Involvement and the Fall of Saigon
 Negotiations restart in 1972, Nixon drops demands for full North Vietnamese
withdrawal
 Both secret and public negotiations near completion before the 1972 election,
then break down
 _________________________ massive bombing of North Vietnamese cities in late
December 1972
 _______________: peace agreement reached on January 27, 1973
 Cease fire between North and South Vietnam
 Return of American POWs
 North Vietnamese launch attack on South Vietnam in March 1975 with no
American intervention
 ____________ the capitol of Vietnam was captured and renamed Ho Chi
Minh City in 1975
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AiyFF9qOls
Political Upheaval and the Counterculture
Black Power, Flower Power, Protest, Assassination and Music in the 1960s &
’70s
I. Changes in the United States during the later 1960s
 __________________ occur as part of civil rights movement, reaction to
Vietnam, focus on economic disparity, and political turmoil
Name: _________________________________ Hour: _________ NB#: ________
 __________________ and traditional leadership begins to __________ in
late 1960s
II. Changes in Civil Rights movement:
A. Changes in Focus
 Civil rights movement focused on problems in the_______________ in
early 1960s
 Majority of African-Americans (_________ lived in
_______________s, many in North and West
o Often faced racism in these areas: unable to live in white
neighborhoods, difficulty finding employment, higher poverty
levels
o __________________ with lack of focus on these issues
 Race Riots
o _______________ (August 1965 in Los Angeles)
 Accusations of police brutality start riot that will last
______________
 14,000 members of National Guard deployed
 34 people died, 900 injuries, $45 million damages to property
o Additional race riots
 Riots take place in Philadelphia and New York previous to
Watts and will also occur in Washington DC, Baltimore,
Detroit
 ________________ in 1967 was worst in scope with 43
deaths and $250 million in damages
Black Power
 Origin of Black Power
o Failures of inner-city efforts and Chicago Movement by MLK led
many African-Americans to search for new approach
o Stokely Carmichael, leader of SNCC, puts forward idea of
“_______________________
 Mobilization and pride in black community, Afro-centric
beliefs, physical self-defense, possible use of violence
 Malcolm X
o Born Malcolm Little in Omaha, he drifted into crime and sent to
prison
o Joins __________________ or “Black Muslims”, which preached
black nationalism and separation from white community
o Changes name to _______________ for symbolic reasons
o Becomes charismatic speaker for Nation of Islam and self-defense
o Breaks away from Nation of Islam and goes
________________________
o Changes message after returns and criticizes Nation of Islam
o __________________ while giving a speech in New York in
February 1965
 Black Panthers
o Advocated black power, black nationalism, and economic selfsufficiency
o “______________________” calls for increased services among
and for African-Americans
o Called for ___________________________ and confrontation
with white society
o Investigated by US government and begins decline after conflicts
over focus on Black Panthers and trials involving leadership
 Black nationalism in public view
o _____________ created in 1966 by black nationalist Ron Karenga
o ________________ in Mexico City: Tommie Smith & John Carlos
B. Other Civil Rights groups
 New civil rights groups with nationalist elements emerged among other
minority population
o ______________: La Raza and Brown Berets
o Native Americans: ____________________________ and Indians
of all Nations (occupation of Alcatraz)
o Chinese: Red Guard and I Wor Kuen
o ____________________ forms after Stonewall riots in June 1969
in New York City
III. Turmoil of 1968
A. Johnson leaves presidential race
 North Vietnamese launch _________________ on January 30, 1968
 Even though militarily unsuccessful, American media and public shift
beliefs on ability to “win” Vietnam War
Name: _________________________________ Hour: _________ NB#: ________
 ____________________: American’s perceived inability to trust what
LBJ said about the war
 Little known liberal Senator Eugene McCarthy gets 40% of New
Hampshire primary vote
 Senator Robert Kennedy quickly enters race as possible frontrunner
 LBJ’s approval rating drops dramatically and does not run for reelection
B. Season of Violence
 ______________________. assassinated on April 4 in Memphis
 ________________ assassinated on June 5 in Los Angeles after winning
California Democratic Primary
C. 1968 Democratic Convention
 Assassination of Robert Kennedy leaves Democrats with no frontrunner
 Convention chooses _____________ Humphrey (LBJ’s VP) as nominee
after three days of debate over war and other issues
 _____________ outside convention escalate into_________ in
downtown Chicago that was televised throughout the country
o ________________eight leaders of protest put on trial for
conspiracy
 Mocked authority of court and most found guilty of lower
crimes, with sentences overturned by Appeals Court
D. 1968 Presidential Election
 Candidacy of Democrat Hubert Humphrey marred by violence at
convention and connection to _____________________
 Republicans nominate __________________, who promised to restore
order and planned to end war in Vietnam
 Governor George Wallace runs as an independent segregationist
 ________________ wins election by more than 100 electoral votes but
only 43% to 42%
IV. Counterculture
A. Origins of Counterculture
 Free Speech Movement at Berkeley sparks additional challenges to
authority
 Reaction against governmental policies, especially the Vietnam _______
 Reaction against ___________________ of 1950s
 ______________________________ outside of standard societal
practices
Name: _________________________________ Hour: _________ NB#: ________
B. Expression of the Counterculture
 Hippie culture emerges in later 1960s and publicized in San Francisco
 Attempted formation of ______________ – group living arrangements
o Most famous likely _______________________________
 Fashion: longer hair, long dresses, fringed garments, older clothing,
military surplus, tie-dyed clothing
 Music: ___________________________ music combined with lyrics
often embodying social issues, protests, and drug culture
 Dance: focused on dancing without partner, but in a group (stressed
individuality within the group)
 Drug culture: use of psychedelic drugs, often LSD and marijuana
 Music Festivals
o W___________________: over one half million people in upstate
New York gather for three day music festival
o __________________: large festival in California famously
marred by violence
C. Decline of the Counterculture
 ___________________________ with crime and drug addiction issues
 ______________________________ in early 1970s
 Early hippies aged out of the movement after growing older
 Legacy remains, although never thoroughly dominant part of society
Civil Rights in the 1960s
Restaurant segregation
•
Sit-ins
– Begin with protests at _____________________________________ in 1960 by college
students from NC A&T
– Spread throughout the south
– Effective in many locations
•
SNCC: ______________________________________________
– Founded in fall of 1960 by students that had participated in sit-ins
– Provided outlet for student participation in following campaigns
Bus segregation
• _______________________ (1961):
– Attempts to ______________ southern ___________________ through interstate trips
– Organized by _________ (Congress on Racial Equality)
– Met by _______________ at some locations, president sends in federal marshals to keep
the peace
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3zNaTk8s6fo&feature=fvsr
City Campaigns
–
•
•
•
•
•
Albany, GA (1961-1962)
– ______________ movement organized by SNCC as broad attempt at mass
_______________
– ________________________ comes in during the middle of movement
– Police chief Laurie Pritchett breaks protests through _________________ mass arrests
– Albany movement is essentially a _____________ with few concessions and little national
________________
Birmingham, AL
Mass attempt by SCLC to desegregate facilities
________________: Use of _______________ and ________________ with attempts to
generate public pressure and arrests
Martin Luther King, Jr. describes purpose of protests and ________________ action in
___________________________
_______________________: use of children and teens for public protests, allowing
_____________ to keep working
• Birmingham sheriff “Bull” Connor uses ________________________, and other tactics to
•
•
•
•
attempt to break protests
_______________ tactics are shown nationally on ____________ gaining national sympathy
and public pressure
Helps provide impetus for March on Washington and the Civil Rights Act of 1964
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=joc3CRL6x4E
Government action
_____________________ (August 1963)
– Organized to create popular support and political pressure for a
_________________________
– Over ______________ marchers attend
– Delivery of the “_____________________” by Martin Luther King, Jr.
– Legislation stalls in the Senate and will not be passed until ___________
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFcbpGK9_aw&feature=related
Voter registration
Freedom Summer (1964):
– Massive attempt to increase _________________________ by NAACP, CORE, SNCC, and
SCLC in _________________
– Work done by large numbers of northern ____________________ and volunteers
– Operation of ____________________ to promote education, literacy, and political activism
Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner:
Three civil rights volunteers _______________during Freedom Summer in June, 1964
Goodman and Schwerner were __________________________ from New York and Chaney
was ______________ volunteer from Mississippi
_________________ becomes national news, ____________ discovered in August
______ men put on trial by federal government for violating the murdered men’s
_____________________ (7 found guilty)
– Edgar Ray Killen, a preacher, had a ________________ in 1967, but was convicted of
_____________ by the state of Mississippi in 2005
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Signed on July 2nd by President Johnson
Contributing Factors:
–
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Name: _________________________________ Hour: _________ NB#: ________
–
–
–
–
March on _______________ in August 1963
_____________ for Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner entering its second week
______________________ (experience and use of JFK death)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZaRUca7FyAc
Provisions:
• Barred segregation in ________________________
• ___________________________ to segregated institutions
• Outlawed racial discrimination in ______________________
• Sought to strengthen black voting rights
24th Amendment
• Ratified on January 23, 1964
• Outlawed ____________________ in general and primary elections for federal office
(president/Congress)
Voting Rights Act of 1965
• Signed on August 6th by President Johnson
• Contributing Factor:
– Events in Selma and Montgomery
• Provisions:
– Authorized the U.S. Attorney General to _______________________ to supersede the
_______________ wherever discrimination occurred
– Directed the U.S. Attorney General to challenge ________________________ in the
courts
•
•
•
Changes in Focus
Civil rights movement focused on problems in the ________ in early 1960s
Majority of African-Americans (70%) lived in _________________, many in ____________
and West
– Often faced ___________ in these areas: unable to live in white neighborhoods, difficulty
finding _______________t, higher poverty levels
– _____________________ with lack of focus on these issues
Race Riots
– _______________ (August 1965 in Los Angeles)
• Accusations of _______________________ start riot that will last 5 days
• 14,000 members of ________________________ deployed
• 34 people died, 900 injuries, $45 million damages to property
Additional race riots
• Riots take place in Philadelphia and New York previous to Watts and will also occur in
Washington DC, Baltimore, Detroit
• ____________________ in 1967 was worst in scope with _____deaths and
______________ million in damages
• Over _______________ in April 1968 in response to the __________________ of Martin
Luther King, Jr.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZMCTQSVReM
Black Power
• Origin of Black Power
– Failures of inner-city efforts and Chicago Movement by MLK led many African-Americans to
search for _____________________
– Stokely Carmichael, leader of SNCC, puts forward idea of “________________”
• Mobilization and __________ in black community, Afro-centric beliefs, physical selfdefense, possible use of _____________________
Malcolm X
– Born Malcolm Little in Omaha, he drifted into
_____________
and sent to _____________
– Joins __________________ or “Black Muslims”, which preached black
__________________ and _________________ from white community
– Changes name to _______________________ for symbolic reasons
– Becomes charismatic speaker for Nation of Islam and self-defense
– Breaks away from Nation of Islam and goes on pilgrimage to _________
– Changes message after returns and criticizes _____________________
– __________________ while giving a speech in New York in February 1965
Black Panther Party
– Advocated black ______________, black nationalism, and _____________ self-sufficiency
– “_________________________” calls for increased services among and for AfricanAmericans
– Called for ________________ for self-defense and confrontation with white society
– __________________ by US government and begins decline after conflicts over focus on
Black Panthers and trials involving leadership
Black nationalism in public view
– ______________ created in 1966 by black nationalist Ron Karenga
– __________________ in Mexico City: Tommie Smith & John Carlos
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KAHsYmaodkA
•
Other Civil Rights groups
New civil rights groups with nationalist elements emerged among other minority population
– ________________: La Raza and Brown Berets
– Native Americans: _________________________ and Indians of all Nations (occupation of
Alcatraz)
– Chinese: Red Guard and I Wor Kuen
– ____________________________ forms after Stonewall riots in June 1969 in New York
City