NAME:
PERIOD:
THE DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
The tubular form of the small intestine. The products of digestion are absorbed
here in the small intestine. The villi (Vi) are small finger-like projections
that serve to increase surface area in the intestine. The lumen (Lu) is the
interior opening of the small intestine, Su is the submucosa, and
Mu is the muscularis.
SVHS ADVANCED BIOLOGY
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
UNIT #12
SPRING SEMESTER 2014
DATE:
SVHS ADVANCED BIOLOGY
2013-2014
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DIRECTION SHEET
OUTCOMES:
A) Summarize the digestive processes as a five step process. (Page 512)
B) Explain the role of the mouth in digestion regarding mechanical and chemical
digestion. (pages 515-516)
C) Describe phases involved in swallowing food. (Pages 518-520)
D) Describe the functions of the stomach in digestion regarding mechanical and
chemical digestion. (Pages 520-522)
E) Explain how the pancreas, liver, and gall bladder participate in digestion.
(Pages 523-256)
F) Explain the role of the small intestine in digestion and absorption of food.
(Pages 526-531)
G) Describe the functions of the large intestine in digestion, feces formation, and
defecation. (Pages 532-534)
SCHEDULE:
H) Describe how enzymes and the human body have co-evolved for optimal function.
(Pages 527-529)
Mon 5/12
LECTURE:
LAB:
HOMEWORK:
Digestive Process; chemical vs mechanical.
Start Lab Activity “A”.
Fill table for Lab activity B. DR 19.1 Read Ch 19.1-19.3
Wed 5/14
LECTURE:
LAB:
HOMEWORK:
Histology of the digestive system.
Complete torso identification and tissue observation.
Work on lab packet. DR 19.2 Read Ch 19.4-19.6
Thurs 5/15
LECTURE:
LAB:
HOMEWORK
Digestion in the small intestine and stomach.
Digestive system lab activities.
DR 19.4 Chemical digestion Read Ch 19.7-19.10
Mon 5/19 C day
Senior awards- am
WORKDAY
LAB:
HOMEWORK:
Review materials for test
Complete Lab packet
DR 19.5 Absorption
Tues 5/20 A day
Digestion Unit test
Lab packet due
Fetal Pig dissection: introduction
SVHS ADVANCED BIOLOGY
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM LAB
Part A: Read pages 443-434 and 446-448 of the text book titled "Small Intestine Anatomy".
Fill in the
function for each structure. Observe a prepared slide of the human jejunum using 40X magnification.
Diagram a section showing the four tunics that make up the wall of the small intestine. Focus on several
villi under high power. Diagram 3 adjacent villi. Label all structures that you observe through the
microscope.
Serosa
Muscularis
Connective
tissue of
mucosa
Epithelia
tissue of
mucosa
Submucosa
Villi
Mucosa
Microvilli
Lumen
Artery
Lacteal
Capillary bed
Small Intestine Wall as observed under 40X
Villi as observed under 400X
PART B:
Fill in the appropriate name and function for each of the structures numbered on the
new torso and the sagittal model of the head.
Number Name of Structure
Head
i
Head
G-H
Head
e
Head
k
Head
XI
Torso
#216
Torso
#245
Torso
#252
Stomach
#394
Stomach
#409
Stomach
#401
Stomach
#402
Stomach
#403
Sm. Int.
#334
Sm. Int.
#335
Sm. Int.
#336
Sm. Int.
#434
Function of the Structure
Sm. Int.
#433
Sm. Int.
#432
Lg. Int.
#439
Lg. Int.
#438
Lg. Int.
#440
Lg. Int.
#442
Lg. Int.
#444
Lg. Int.
#446
Lg. Int.
#447
Panc.
#330
Panc.
#332
Liver
#424
Liver
#427
Liver
#430
Liver
#429
Part C:
Name of
Enzyme
Salivary
amylase
Pepsin
Gastric lipase
Rennin
Pancreatic
amylase
Trypsin
Chymo-trypsin
Carboxypolypeptidase
Pancreatic
lipase
Maltase
Sucrase
Lactase
Peptidases
Nucleases
Fill in the appropriate information about the digestive enzymes below.
Where enzyme
is secreted
Where it
functions
Substrate and resulting molecules
PART D
Listening To Food Enter The Stomach.
Chew a saltine cracker. Chew it well so that the entire cracker can be swallowed on one time. Place a stethoscope
where the cardiac sphincter is located. Listen for the food entering the stomach. Time how long it takes for the
food to travel the length of the esophagus. Next listen in the same location as you drink a medium size cup of
water. In the space below summarize how swallowing food and drinking water is different. Next summarize the
process known as peristalsis in a second paragraph. Contrast how swallowing solid food is different than swallowing
while drinking.
PART E
IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURES USING X-RAYS
1) _______________________
7) ________________________
2) _______________________
8) ________________________
3) _______________________
9) ________________________
4) _______________________
10) ________________________
5) _______________________
11) ________________________
6) _______________________
12) ________________________
SVHS ADVANCED BIOLOGY
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM SELF STUDY GUIDE
1) After reading Ch 19.1 and 19.2 titled “Digestive Processes’ and “Organization” be able to
A) Name and summarize the five basic digestive processes.
B) Define GI tract (gastrointestinal tract) or alimentary canal.
C) Name several accessory structures and explain how accessory structures differ from digestive system
structures.
D) Name the four basic layers to the wall of the digestive system structures. Summarize their structure
and function.
E) Describe the location and role of the peritoneum, mysentery, greater omentum.
2) After reading 19.3 & 19.4 “Mouth (Oral Cavity), “Pharynx”, and “Esophagus, be able to
A) Name the bones of and give a function of the hard palate.
B) Name and describe the location of the three pairs of salivary glands.
C) Describe the composition of saliva and give a function for the components.
D) Explain the purposes of mechanical digestion and the term “bolus”.
E) Explain the chemical digestion that occurs in the mouth.
F) Summarize the voluntary stage of swallowing and the unvoluntary stages.
G) Explain the term peristaltic contraction.
H) Explain why a person gets “heartburn”.
3) After reading 19.5 titled “Stomach”, be able to
A) Explain how the muscular wall of the stomach differs from the esophagus or small intestine.
B) Name and describe the role of the different cells found in a gastric gland.
C) Describe the chemical digestion that occurs in the stomach.
D) Explain what causes the gastric glands to secrete substances and how the stomach knows when to
empty.
E) Name materials that are absorbed through the stomach wall.
F) Describe the role of HCL and the pyloric valve.
4) After reading 19.6 & 19.7 titled “Pancreas and Liver”, be able to
A) Describe the position, structure, and role of the pancreas in digestion.
B) Describe the contents of pancreatic juice. Be able to name and give a function for each enzyme.
C) Describe the location, structure, and role of the liver in digestion.
D) Identify the location of the hepatic duct, common bile duct, cystic duct, and pancreatic duct.
E) Describe the role of bile in digestion.
F) Describe the location, structure, and role of the gall bladder in digestion.
5) After reading 19.8 titled “Small Intestine”, be able to
A) Name the three areas of the small intestine and describe what each does regarding digestion &
absorption.
B) Describe the structure known as the villus and explain how fats, carbs, & proteins are absorbed.
C) Describe the location and role of microvilli.
D) Name and describe the function of enzymes produced in the small intestine.
6) After reading 19.9 titled “Large Intestine”, be able to
A) Name and describe the location of the parts of the large intestine.
B) Summarize the functions of the large intestine.