1 T-MAJiK Established September 2011 1950 Third Street La Verne, CA 91750 Presented to: October 18, 2011 2 Table of Contents I. Executive Summary a. Mission Statement b. Competition c. Market Potential d. Management e. Organizational Structure f. Job Description g. Strategic Planning h. Goals 3 3 3 3 4-5 6-7 7-8 8 8-9 II. Products and Services a. Operations and Production b. Production Method c. Technology d. Inventory Management and Shipping e. Backup f. Future Expansion of Operations 9 9 10 10 10-11 11 11 III. Situational Analysis 11-13 IV. Marketing: Target Profile a. Competitive Edge b. Benefits to Customers c. Marketing Strategy d. Position Statement e. Product Strategy f. Pricing Strategy g. Placement Strategy h. Promotion Strategy i. Action Plan After Receiving Funding j. Sales Forecast 14-15 15-16 16 16-17 17 17 17-18 18 18-19 19-20 20-26 V. Capital Budget a. Financial Projections (See attachments) 26-27 28-29 3 I. Executive Summary T-MAJiK is a start-up company whose main focus is to create t-shirts that display unique designs, made by independent artists, for a target market consisting primarily of students and supporters of local universities. The company is seeking $2,000 in debt financing to fund the initial inventory and begin marketing efforts. a. Mission Statement The mission of the company is to create unique and innovative t-shirts for college students. By empowering local artists within the community, T-MAJiK is able to produce t-shirts that are truly able to differentiate themselves from that of the competition. b. Competition One of the greatest strengths that T-MAJiK has when compared to other start-up companies, that are creating similar products, is the lack of competition. As of today, the only competition that is allowed to use the University of La Verne logo is the University Bookstore. Due to T-MAJiK’s relationship with the Bookstore and the University of La Verne, both organizations have allowed T-MAJiK to use the University’s logo and name. c. Market Potential There are two major steps that will define T-MAJiK’s market potential as the company changes from one target market into a much more diverse one. Initially, at the time of the company’s origin, the target market consists of: 1. Female University students: 18 – 24 years old 2. Male University students: 18 – 24 years old 3. University faculty and staff As the company grows, it will eventually add to its target market and expand to also include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Female University students: 18 – 24 years old Male University students: 18 – 24 years old University faculty and staff University friends and family members University alumni 4 d. Management President: Michael Helmich Michael Helmich is an undergraduate student at the University of La Verne, College of Business and Public Management. In the past, Michael has worked for a variety of companies. From his knowledgeable sales experience, due to holding a sales position for over two years within the computer industry, to his technical level of merit seen through his current position as a technician with Best Buy’s Geek Squad, Michael has been able to show that he is not only a valuable worker for an organization, but also a great leader when it comes to management and organization. While working in these positions, Michael has had the opportunity to take ownership of many tasks that are presented before him and is able to manage his fellow coworkers and organize them so that they are able to successfully and skillfully complete the given tasks at hand. Always keeping in mind what he has and continues to learn through his education, Michael is able to effectively lead those with whom he works so that their goals and objectives are meet and surpassed. Currently, Michael is working on his Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration with an emphasis in Information Technology and will reach this goal by the end of 2012. Michael’s goal is to broaden his knowledge primarily in the fields of management, marketing, finance, economics, speech and communications, and computer science. He is constantly seeking out new information as it becomes available in the areas of information technology, management, and others. By constantly learning and growing, he is able to apply what he knows to further motivate and move forward towards the overall benefit of T-MAJiK. Vice President of Finance: Jimmy Fan Jimmy Fan is currently a junior at the University of La Verne. Prior to attending the University of La Verne, he completed course work at Citrus College. Moreover, Jimmy is now working towards obtaining his Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration. He has the fundamental and theoretical knowledge and capability to perform the essential tasks that are required to be Vice President of Finance. Jimmy Fan worked as a sales person for Dish Network, a satellite television company. His duties included enrolling new customers for satellite television service. His sales and financial skills are excellent. Jimmy’s skills are huge assets that can be of great value to TMAJiK. Vice President of Marketing: Kevin Dowell Kevin Dowell is a junior at the University of La Verne where he is currently working on his Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration with a concentration in Management. Kevin Dowell is currently involved in the school’s Campus Activities Board and housing department as a Resident Assistant. Kevin is also the president for the University of La Verne tennis club and works as Events Manager at the University’s Campus Center. 5 Kevin’s work experience has allowed him to network and build relationships with several organizations and prominent people on campus. This is a huge asset for T-MAJiK because it will definitely help with the marketing campaign and strategy to attract the target audience. Vice President of Sales: Annette Covarrubias Annette Covarrubias is an undergraduate student at the University of La Verne, College of Business and Public Management. Annette has worked in a variety of business and public settings, ranging from being an assistant manager at G-Stage clothing store, to interning at United Farm Workers of America. Her work experience at G-Stage has provided her with a high level of skill in sales, communication, and in providing quality customer service. Moreover, through her work experience she has acquired exemplary time management skills and gained knowledge of retail terminology and how to count for inventory and process merchandise transfers. In addition, Annette’s internship experience at United Farm Workers of America offered her the opportunity to interact with a variety of people all while cultivating a trusting relationship with them. She also assisted in the preparation of the United Farm Workers’ 18th Constitutional Convention, from which excellent teamwork, problem solving, and research skills were developed. Annette’s work and interpersonal experiences have helped her thrive in sales and communication tasks, but most importantly provided her with the ability to adjust to new work environments and take on new challenges. Being that she is currently a student, Annette has applied what she has learned in each course to her work, which as a result, has allowed her to strengthen her skills and allow for better performance in achieving organizational goals. Her drive for success, optimism, integrity, dedication, and responsibility are key attributes that will contribute to the growth of T-MAJiK. Vice President of Operations: Tappan Patel Tappan Patel is responsible for all aspects of daily operations in the company which include inventory management, shipping, supplier locations, finding alternative suppliers and keeping track of employees, etc. Tappan oversees production to ensure it is of great quality and will always make T-MAJiK customers happy. He makes sure that the product is also manufactured on time so that there is no delay in the delivery schedule. He is also in charge of the development within the field of operations. Tappan completed two years of his coursework at Mount San Antonio College in Walnut, California. He transferred to the University of La Verne in the Fall, 2011, and is pursuing his Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration with a concentration in management. He wants to see T-MAJiK succeed and strive towards its goals without any barriers. Tappan strongly believes that T-MAJiK will expand its production and manufacturing nationally and eventually globally. 6 e. Organizational Structure The following information will detail the structure of T-MAJiK’s leadership and employment as it grows from the initial start-up period and into its advancements in year 5. Company Start-Up Initially, during the company’s start-up period, only essential personnel are needed. Year 3 7 Year 5 f. Job Description President The president of T-MAJiK is in charge of the leadership and organization of the company. It is essential that the president implements the company’s long and short term objectives and makes final decisions. Through his leadership, the president is able to achieve organizational goals and motivate employees and fellow management to perform in an appropriate manner. Vice President of Finance The vice president of finance has the responsibility to keep the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows for T-MAJiK. He must also prepare financial reports and prepare budgets for the company. In addition, the vice president of finance is responsible for all monetary transactions within the company. Vice President of Marketing The vice president of marketing is to conduct and analyze market research, look for creative ways to advertise T-MAJiK and its product’s, and manage any other activities relating to marketing and advertising. The vice president of marketing must find different ways to communicate with the target audience and inform them of the product, thus drive consumer awareness. This position also requires the ability to define the company’s target market. Moreover, being vice president of marketing entails implementation of strategies to increase sales and demand for the product. 8 Vice President of Sales Holding a key position within the organization, the vice president of sales holds the role of representing, branding, and positioning the product in the current market to increase the demand. The prime directive of the vice president of sales is to increase sales and maximize profit as well as forecast sales for the near future. Vice President of Operations The vice president of operations will be in charge of overseeing the production of TMAJiK t-shirts. The main responsibilities will be to check the products for defects, to make sure they are produced on time, and to pick up the completed order. The vice president of operations must keep in touch with MCM Silk Screening, the supplier, on a regular basis and will regularly report the status of production during weekly company meetings. g. Strategic Planning Company Name T-MAJiK Type of Business Objectives 1. Increase sales / profit 2. Create a variety of Creatively Designed designs T-shirt Company 3. Create and build company reputation 4. Establish target market Strategy 1 Advertising / Marketing 2. Contract with community artists 3. On and off campus promotions 4. Establish connection with a reliable vendor h. Goals Within the organization, there are several goals and objectives that the company must prioritize and assess, considering that T-MAJiK is a start-up company. T-MAJiK has created a list of short-term, as well as mid and long-term goals. The short-term goals are those which the organization needs to address within the first year of its existence, while the mid/long-term goals are those which T-MAJiK must address within a period of one to five years. Within the short-term goals, T-MAJiK must address the roadblocks that most start-up companies must overcome. The first and primary goal that needs to be considered is the creation of unique and individual designs that appeal to the target audience. The way that the organization will address this objective is by contacting local artists within the community and empowering them to create exceptional and innovative art. Eventually, the organization will have an agreement in written form with these artists so that both parties can benefit. T-MAJiK must also focus on the short-term objective of building up a positive reputation within the target market. It is important to build and establish a reliable customer base; therefore, T-MAJiK must be reputable. T-MAJiK will establish a relationship with the target market by offering products and designs that are unlike any that are currently available. Moreover, the initial launch, as well as 9 special events set up in the marketing campaign, will build up hype about the new t-shirts. TMAJiK’s short-term goals also include selling 725 t-shirts for the 10 week period in 2011. This is a likely forecast, as T-MAJiK will be selling to 25% of the target population, which consists of 2,900 students. The sales price will be $14.00, producing total revenue of $10,150. In the long run, it is important for T-MAJiK to address the concerns of creating sales and increasing overall profit. Initially, the organization plans on outsourcing production to local manufacturers. In regards to producing the finished goods, it is a long-term goal to be able to afford the machinery necessary to self-manufacture the completed product. With respect to creating additional sales, the organization will rely on a combination of marketing through both traditional and non-traditional methods: website, social media, local media (print, audio, and visual), and word of mouth. Two years from now, T-MAJiK forecasts to sell about 6,309 t-shirts at a price of $14.00, producing total revenue of $88,326. The sales price may also increase due to offering new designs and different types of t-shirts. One of the final goals that must be considered is an expansion on the first short-term goal of creating unique and innovative designs that appeal to the target market. By consistently producing appealing designs for the target market, T-MAJiK is able to both satisfy a want and create a need. The way that the organization is going to do this is by using marketing tools such as the website to contact artists who are not within a close proximity of the company and have them produce new art on a continuing basis. II. Products and Services T- MAJiK is a t-shirt manufacturing company that specializes in customized art printing on t-shirts with unique designs that will be available to potential customers at affordable and competitive prices. T-MAJiK designs are created by artists who have been hired by the company or by artists who were willing to provide their art for use and replication by the company. Some of the artwork will be provided by students in the Art Department at the University of La Verne. a. Operations and Production T-MAJiK’s primary silk-screener, MCM Silk Screening, is a family owned business that specializes in screen-printing. It has recently installed state-of-the-art equipment in its facility. The company was also the recipient of the 2010 “Best of Walnut” award awarded by the US Commerce Association.1 Their facility is of a substantial size and their equipment includes the negative maker or the transparency maker, the t-shirt iron imprinter, a high pressure wash basin, and a turbo jet dryer. MCM Silk Screening is located at 3820 Valley Blvd Suite G, Walnut, CA 91789. MCM is a reliable source because many other universities and colleges, that have also had similar projects in the business field, have been successful using MCM. One such university affiliation is California Polytechnic Institute, Pomona. 1 MCM Silk Screening. (2011). Press release. Retrieved October 3, 2011, from http://mcmsilkscreening.com/PressRelease.html 10 b. Production Method The process begins with a customer submitting a picture of a design to print on a t-shirt. MCM Silk Screening then uses professional programs, one of which is Adobe Illustrator CS2, to edit the image so that it can be transformed into vector art. The finalized art image is placed onto a transparency, which is then placed onto a screen that varies in size on a scale from 80, the smallest, to 200, the largest. The screen with the transparency goes through a process of emulsion, where the screen receives a coat of a gel-like substance. The art transparency is then put onto an exposing machine that emits light to expose the image, or design, and creates it into a negative. After the exposing process, the negative transparency is ready for use. Whatever is not exposed by the exposing machine is then carefully washed off in the washbasin to perfect the design. This is crucial because the next step is where the screen with the negative is used to silkscreen the image onto a t-shirt of the customer’s choice. This transparency is then put onto one of the available slots on the iron press and a blank t-shirt is inserted. The press is pushed down and the design imprints, due to high heat, on the t-shirt. This creates a unique product with a vast area of possible customizations depending on what design is created using a particular transparency. The final step involves the newly silk-screened t-shirt placed into a turbo jet dryer that dries the color at a temperature of 300 degrees Fahrenheit. The high heat cures the ink so that it does not come off easily. The t-shirt is now ready for delivery and sale. MCM does not outsource their work at the moment. They are capable of performing and meeting all customers’ expectations within their facility. Typically after an order is placed, the turnaround time is usually between seven to ten business days. However, since business is typically slow during the beginning of the fall season, the turnaround time is approximately three to five business days. The size of the order is not a limiting factor for the turnaround time unless the order is extremely large, for instance over 500 t-shirts. In addition, MCM Silk Screening will replace any damaged products during the silk screening process at no cost. c. Technology Overall, the technology used in the silk screening business today is universal. MCM uses a method that combines both sublimation and traditional hand silk screening. More technologically advanced companies prefer to use the sublimation method, since it is a cost saver. This method allows printers to use extreme amounts of heat to transfer any color dye onto clothing, mainly t-shirts manufactured of 50/50 material: half cotton and half polyester. Most companies prefer to use the sublimation method because the quality of the product is much better. However, well-established companies still tend to use the silk screening process, as MCM does. d. Inventory Management and Shipping 11 Since MCM Silk Screening is a small company, its inventory management system is fairly simple. MCM only orders merchandise and raw materials once it has received an order and payment in full. Any mass production order is only processed when the customer pays the total cost up front. This is a significant factor because MCM keeps its inventory extremely low and, at times, keeps no inventory at all. Once products are completed and finalized, the finished goods will be picked up by TMAJiK’s operations manager for further distribution. Thus, no shipping and handling from an outside source will be necessary for T-MAJiK. e. Backup T-MAJiK has a second contact on standby in the event that the primary supplier cannot come through: Martin Rodriguez runs a screen printing business of his own. Rodriguez has done work for the Rancho Cucamonga Police department, local high schools and other private firms. His turnaround time is two weeks for an order of less than 300 t-shirts and three weeks for orders of over 300. He asks for 50% payment up front and the rest upon delivery of the order. f. Future Expansion of Operations T-MAJiK expects to see the company grow. It would like to purchase its own equipment and have its own building space. T-MAJiK will start locally and eventually expand to locations across Southern California, where it will continue to offer the same quality service that is being offered to the University of La Verne and its surroundings. T-MAJiK applies its philosophy that the “sky is the limit” in all of its entrepreneurial endeavors. T-MAJiK expects to succeed in its goals and ambitions within the La Verne community; therefore, it plans to see its company expand locally, statewide, and possibly regionally, across the United States. III. Situational Analysis After the establishment of T-MAJiK’s objectives, one of the first and most important steps the company has taken in developing a marketing plan is creating a situational analysis (SWOT). Strengths One of the components in a company’s organizational analysis is the assessment if its strengths. T-MAJiK’s strengths include the unique and creative designs of its t-shirts, community involvement (as the t-shirt designs will be created by local artists), and University pride. Direct resources, diverse skill sets within management, and interest in social responsibility are also strengths within the company. As far as the designs of T- MAJiK t-shirts, they will be evaluated on an on-going basis and new designs will be added to ensure authenticity and keep the company viable and unique. T-MAJiK makes it a priority to have designs created by students themselves or other artists within the target market. It is very important to uphold the company’s image by having innovative, hand created designs placed onto the t-shirts through a silk screening process. Having the images on the t-shirts come from students or artists gives the t-shirts a greater 12 significance and value. Consumers appreciate authenticity and the fact that local artists or students were involved in the creation of the product. In addition, college students are prone to support their institution; they enjoy taking part in school activities. At the University of La Verne alone, there are over 40 clubs on campus, all organized and operated by students. An additional strength of the company is the knowledge and advice that the instructors and consultants within the University provide to the management team; these are T-MAJiK’s direct resources. T-MAJiK is taking advantage of all its resources at hand. The resources that are available to management allow for extensive progress in a shorter amount of time. Having experienced instructors makes a significant difference in the establishment of the company. The knowledge and experience provided by the instructors and consultants also adds to the management team’s experience thus far from taking courses at the University of La Verne, as well as their extensive work experience. Their work experience and coursework makes them more than qualified to run T-MAJiK. Furthermore, T-MAJiK plans to donate its profits to two local non-profit organizations: LeRoy Haynes Center and David and Margaret Youth and Family Services. This is a strength because non-profit aid is an important value especially to college students. They feel a great sense of social responsibility. In an article entitled “More College Freshmen Committed to Social and Civic Responsibility, UCLA Survey Reveals,” author Shaena Engle writes: An all-time high of 83.2 percent [college students] volunteered at least occasionally during their high school senior year and 70.6 percent typically volunteered on a weekly basis. Additionally, the survey revealed an all-time high in the percentage of students who believe there is a good or some chance that they will continue to volunteer in college, at 67.3 percent.2 Also stated in this article was a statement by John Pryor, director of the CIRP Freshman Survey. He claimed that the “rise in student attitudes reflecting social concerns and civic responsibility could be a reaction to the worst global and national disasters witnessed in their lifetime."3 Students are becoming more globally aware and growing more concerned with finding ways in which they can help and make an impact on the world. Weaknesses One of T-MAJiK’s weaknesses is that it is a start-up company, so there are many unknowns. In this time of economic trouble, it is difficult for any company to immediately succeed, so the risks for a start-up company are much greater. However, T-MAJiK is conscious of this in its strategic planning. For this reason, it has chosen a target market that is supportive of new ideas and thus will price and produce the t-shirts according to what the surveys of the target market have shown. Moreover, in the analysis, other weaknesses assessed were the time Engle, Shaena. “More College Freshmen Committed to Social and Civic Responsibility, UCLA Survey Reveals.” UCLA Newsroom. January 25, 2006. <http://newsroom.ucla.edu/portal/ucla/More-CollegeFreshmen-Committed-6754.aspx?RelNum=6754> 2 Engle, Shaena. “More College Freshmen Committed to Social and Civic Responsibility, UCLA Survey Reveals.” UCLA Newsroom. January 25, 2006. <http://newsroom.ucla.edu/portal/ucla/More-CollegeFreshmen-Committed-6754.aspx?RelNum=6754>. 3 13 constraints because T-MAJiK is being developed within one semester of college and with little funding. It requires much time to develop a fresh concept; however, T-MAJiK has done this in just six weeks, which puts the company at a great advantage. Opportunities The opportunities that have been assessed are the reliable vendors that have been contacted and the lack of variety that local competition (i.e. University Bookstore) offers. Thus, T-MAJiK will emphasize the unique designs that it will offer. Another opportunity is T-MAJiK’s trading area, which is the University of La Verne campus, as well as its target market. Although students do watch what they spend, research proves that they still have great spending power. In an article entitled “A Look at the Spending Habits of college Students,” writer Gayla Martindale states that “data reveals college students to be savvy, capable and influential consumers, balancing the rising cost of tuition with a hardy work ethic, […] and holding considerable sway over the purchasing decisions of their peers.”4 This statement suggests that students do like to keep up with the latest trends and are willing to spend money for something they like. In addition, Martindale claims: “students also spend a lot of money clothing themselves. Nationally, students spend more than $5 billion a year on clothes and shoes.”5 Therefore, it is highly feasible that T-MAJiK’s target market will be interested in purchasing a T-MAJiK t-shirt. Moreover, the company also has the opportunity to expand to other locations and universities because of the promising data regarding college student spending. Threats T-MAJiK has also assessed its threats. One of its greatest threats is the University Bookstore. EFollet, which is the company that runs the University Bookstore, offers a variety of ULV accessories and apparel. However, their t-shirts are not as creative and trendy. Lack of consumer spending is also a present threat. In California alone, the unemployment rate has risen to 12.1%.6 Because this is a time of economic hardship, consumers are less willing to spend. College students also find themselves looking for the best deals because they too have financial constraints. So, T-MAJiK plans to sell its t-shirts at a reasonable price. Another threat is finding a vendor that does not already have other jobs in its pipeline previous to T-MAJiK, especially when time is of the essence. In addition, many tend to import from overseas which consumes more time and increases turnaround time. The t-shirt industry is large, and the demand for t-shirt suppliers increases during some seasons. However, because TMAJiK will be operating during a season that is typically slow, this should not be an issue. Martindale, Gayla. “A Look at the Spending Habits of College Students.” College and University Blog. <http://www.stateuniversity.com/blog/permalink/The-Spending-Habits-of-CollegeStudents.html#ixzz1ZMKG0I2u> 5 Martindale, Gayla. “A Look at the Spending Habits of College Students.” College and University Blog. <http://www.stateuniversity.com/blog/permalink/The-Spending-Habits-of-CollegeStudents.html#ixzz1ZMKG0I2u> 6 Employment Development Department. State of California. <www.edd.ca.gov>. 4 14 IV. Marketing: Target Profile T-MAJiK’s target market is primarily composed of college students. This is the perfect target market for T-MAJiK t-shirts because college students are trendy and like innovative and affordable products. T-MAJiK t-shirts consist of these characteristics, and that is why college students are the target market. Demographics o Age 18-24 years old o Gender 60% Female: 40% Male (University of La Verne) o Income $14,400 (National Center for Educational Statistics)7 o Spending $5 billion per year on clothes and shoes 8 Psychographics o Motives University spirit/involvement o Lifestyle Trendy Involvement in organizations 40 clubs/organizations in the University of La Verne Cost conscious “93 percent cite low prices as important when shopping, and 80 percent shop at general purpose retailers like WalMart and K-Mart”9 Non-profit/volunteerism (67.3 % will volunteer in college)10 Technographics o Facebook 7 As of 2005, 85% of College Students use Face book11 National Center for Education Statistics. February 2010. <http://nces.ed.gov/das/new/index.asp> Martindale, Gayla. “A Look at the Spending Habits of College Students.” College and University Blog. <http://www.stateuniversity.com/blog/permalink/The-Spending-Habits-of-CollegeStudents.html#ixzz1ZMKG0I2u>. 9 Greenspan, Robyn. “College Students Surf, Spend”. ClickZ. February 13, 2003. <http://www.clickz.com/clickz/stats/1700764/college-students-surf-spend> 10 Engle, Shaena. “More College Freshmen Committed to Social and Civic Responsibility, UCLA Survey Reveals.” UCLA Newsroom. January 25, 2006. <http://newsroom.ucla.edu/portal/ucla/More-CollegeFreshmen-Committed-6754.aspx?RelNum=6754>. 11 Schulz, Matthew. “85% of College Students Use Facebook.” TechCrunch.com. September 7, 2005. < http://techcrunch.com/2005/09/07/85-of-college-students-use-facebook>. 8 15 As of 2009 there are over 10 million Facebook users amongst college students and alumni; they read 2851 Facebook profiles a year12 o Email 93 % of college students access the Internet in a given month: they spend three and half hours a day online: read 2300 web pages a year: read 500 pages of email per semester.13 o Music Students listen to 2.5 hours of music a day14 o Twitter College students spend 11.4 hours a week on 15 Twitter Furthermore, the college market is the perfect population for T-MAJiK, since the company has the resources to strategically target college students and advertise the product effectively to them. The primary target market T-MAJiK has chosen has proven to have the potential to buy and contribute to the economy, as shown in the references above. The target market is also technologically advanced and internet savvy, so reaching them through social media should prove to be successful. T-MAJiK also conducted a survey through Survey Monkey, a website, where it received over 700 responses from the University, and out of those responses, over 70% said that they would purchase a T-MAJiK t-shirt. Nonetheless, the company has chosen a very specific target audience that it can relate to since the management team belongs to this audience and can understand the habits of undergraduate students. a. Competitive Edge T-MAJiK has three competitive edges that it will use during its marketing campaign. TMAJiK will distinguish itself from its competitors because of the t-shirts’ innovative designs and authenticity and because it is located in a prime area for the target market. T-MAJiK will also be donating its proceeds to two non-profit organizations. Innovative designs—T-MAJiK t-shirts have designs created by students and artists. The t-shirts will represent the University in a more stylish and unique way, unlike any that are already out in the market. Trading Area—T-MAJiK has the advantage of trading/selling on campus. This makes it convenient for students to purchase a t-shirt while they are making their “College Students Today: Lifestyle Study”. <http://everybodysagenius.com/2008/06/20/collegestudents-today-lifestyle-study>. 13 “College Students Today: Lifestyle Study”. <http://everybodysagenius.com/2008/06/20/collegestudents-today-lifestyle-study>. 14 “College Students Today: Lifestyle Study”. <http://everybodysagenius.com/2008/06/20/collegestudents-today-lifestyle-study>. 15 Meredith. “Ypulse Research Status Update: Facebook Fatigue”. July 7, 2010. <http://www.ypulse.com/ypulse-research-status-update-facebook-fatigue>. 12 16 way around campus. There are many areas on campus where there is more traffic than others. This is an important factor to analyze when deciding where to set up areas to sell T-MAJiK t-shirts. Social Responsibility—T-MAJiK will emphasize that it will be donating its proceeds to LeRoy Haynes Center and David and Margaret Youth and Family Services, both located in the city of La Verne. b. Benefits to Customers T-MAJiK t-shirts are of high quality cotton and/or an assorted mixture of cotton and polyester. The t-shirts are lightweight so that they do not feel too heavy on the body. The cotton material, along with the lightweight composition of the t-shirt, makes it easily breathable for the body during temperature changes. T-MAJiK can also offer personalization on its t-shirts such as, choice of color and various designs. T-MAJiK offers t-shirts in black, white, and gray for the men and a hot pink V-neck for the women. Students, staff, faculty, and parents can show University pride and support by wearing tshirts designed for the University. Profits will be donated to two local non-profit organizations: LeRoy Haynes Center and David and Margaret Youth and Family Services. c. Marketing Strategy The goal of T-MAJiK’s marketing plan is to drive consumer awareness of the product, raise the demand for it (increase sales), and build up a reputation. T-MAJiK’s marketing strategy is specifically tailored to reach the target market’s interest in a new way by allowing them to express themselves, as well as represent school pride. T-MAJiK’s primary target market is college students between the age of 18-24, as well as the University as a whole. T-MAJiK intends to reach its target market through traditional and non-traditional methods. It will use on campus outlets, such as Leo FM (the campus radio), Campus Times newspaper, internet, Leo TV, and magazines. Being that the target market is made up of primarily college students, the most effective way to reach them is by word of mouth referrals and through promotional events held on campus. Another large target audience that the company will sell to is faculty and staff within the University. The faculty and staff that populate the University have more discretionary income than the individual college student and will be much more apt to buy T-MAJiK t-shirts, since they might have some sentimental motivation behind the product. There are 600 faculty and staff members at the University of La Verne. In research, findings have shown the average salary of 17 postsecondary faculty is over $73,000, which is a discretionary income that will contribute to the company’s sales greatly.16 Before T-MAJiK moves on to expanding outside the University of La Verne population, it will expand its target audience to also include family of La Verne students. The addition of this population is a strategic move because holidays will be approaching during the autumn and winter seasons, therefore, t-shirts will serve as great gifts for the entire family to support the university and demonstrate pride. Furthermore, with 2,900 traditional undergraduate students, 2,200 graduate students, and over 600 faculty and staff, T-MAJiK has 5,700 potential buyers in addition to alumni of the University of La Verne. d. Position Statement T-MAJiK t-shirts are tailored for college students because they are of great value, artistic, authentic, and exude school spirit in comparison to other more expensive and unimaginative collegiate apparel. e. Product Strategy T-MAJiK’s line of quality shirts will be made with artwork created by young artists who understand the target market because they themselves are a part of the University of La Verne. The artwork will be visually captivating and provide a new look that students will not be able to resist. With further market research, T-MAJiK will incorporate the suggested designs by students to give them exactly what they demand. To further entice the students, T-MAJiK will sell the t-shirts for a price that fits into any college student’s budget. The product will cater to the fashion needs of the students as well. TMAJiK will differentiate between male and female style and sizes of t-shirts to ensure that students feel trendy and stylish. Moreover, T-MAJiK will emphasize on the fact that all of its proceeds will go to local non-profit organizations. This is a huge advantage for T-MAJiK in the market because college students are more prone to support a company that has an interest in social responsibility, as previously stated under the strengths of T-MAJiK. f. Pricing Strategy College students do not have a lot of discretionary income; however, they do have great buying power amounting to over $5 billion per year in the United States alone.17 T-MAJiK will price its t-shirts appropriately to adhere to the income levels of college students and what they are willing to pay. After surveying students at the University of La Verne and receiving 16 Digest of Education Statistics. <http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d10/tables/dt10_270.asp>. Martindale, Gayla. “A Look at the Spending Habits of College Students.” College and University Blog. <http://www.stateuniversity.com/blog/permalink/The-Spending-Habits-of-CollegeStudents.html#ixzz1ZMKG0I2u> 17 18 responses from over 700 students, T-MAJiK has set its sales price at $14.00. Moreover, according to an article by Media Daily News, students had $69 billion in discretionary income.18 The article also goes on to mention that women will be more likely to spend on clothes, shoes, cosmetics and cell phones, while men will spend more on general technology. With 60% of the target population being made up of women, T-MAJiK will be looking to make most of sales to women at a price of $14.00. g. Placement Strategy When selling the product, T-MAJiK will sell directly on campus. As an on-campus organization, T-MAJiK is able to reserve space where it can sell t-shirts in high-traffic locations within the University grounds. While selling, T-MAJiK will incorporate high energy selling with music to attract attention, as well as have the company t-shirts on display during the selling hours. T-MAJiK will adjust the selling hours in order to reach as many students as possible. Selling on campus is going to be the best point of sales, since it is where students will wear the tshirts and where students will experience the most sentiment for the product when making a buying decision. The most populated areas on campus are near the cafeteria (Davenport), Campus Center, and the landmark building known as Founder’s Hall. These are all centrally located places and are heavily populated throughout the day. T-MAJiK will be able to reserve space in each area for as long as it requests and with set up provided by the University. With multiple locations, T-MAJiK will be able to sell to the majority of campus in person. h. Promotion Strategy Targeting a young market has led T-MAJiK to choose various forms of social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Tumblr to create buzz for the product. T-MAJiK will emphasize the ability of students to spread the word about the product. Furthermore, according to a report done by TechCrunch, 85% of college students are on Facebook as of 200519, which will be a great way to advertise the t-shirts and create the buzz T-MAJiK is looking for, especially since it can accurately assume that Facebook has grown substantially since 2005. Another strategy to implement is giving t-shirts to students and other prominent figures within the University. This will allow T-MAJiK to advertise the product by having others wear it around campus, thus give those who see the t-shirts on others motivation to buy them. Once T-MAJiK has spread the word about its product, it will have t-shirts all around campus in different departments so that almost no one can go without seeing the new t-shirts. The promotional events will also lead students to the company website or social media sites. T-MAJiK will be relentlessly advertising all across the University because this is where the consumers will be most of the time and it is where the company will have the most resources available. Most traffic on campus will come between the hours of 9 AM and 6 PM. During this time, T-MAJiK will be able to gain a considerable amount of sales. As far as reaching the other target markets, T-MAJiK will adjust its selling hours to sell to graduate students, because the majority of them are part-time students and attend classes at 18 < http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/74419/ad-network-targets-college-students.html >. Schulz, Matthew. “85% of College Students Use Facebook.” TechCrunch.com. September 7, 2005. < http://techcrunch.com/2005/09/07/85-of-college-students-use-facebook>. 19 19 night. A more effective way of reaching them would also be by leading them to T-MAJiK’s website, Facebook, and other social media outlets, where they can place an order for a t-shirt or learn information regarding the product. T-MAJiK will also have displays and information around campus to not only attract undergraduate students, but graduate students as well. Marketing to faculty, staff, and alumni will be done via e-mail and word of mouth. TMAJiK will contact the various departments around campus and generate a direct interest in the t-shirts; it will use as many student resources around campus as well. If a department sees that its own students have participated in designing or advertising the product, then it will be motivated to buy. Alumni will have the opportunity to support a student organization, as well as their own alma mater, which will be their primary motivation for purchasing T-MAJiK t-shirts once they receive the email directing them to the online pages. Examples of student involvement that T-MAJiK will use to create word of mouth include holding design competitions within the art department to create the next T-MAJiK design, or having student photographers take photos to help position the product. The more student involvement T-MAJiK allows to create this product, the more buzz it will receive. T-MAJiK is using this strategy to its advantage by creating a product made by students that the entire campus will want. The University of La Verne is a very personal university, which will help with marketing, since friends of the students who participate, by purchasing a t-shirt, will also be encouraged to buy. i. Action Plan after receiving funding First Week (October 24): Establish social media sites with information linking consumers to the website. Set up displays of the product and advertise design competitions within the art department as well as the graphic design department. Other opportunities to get involved with the product will also be advertised with the photography department, the campus newspaper, and the campus radio station. Begin selling at key campus locations (expand trading area). Second Week (October 31): Create more buzz by sending out emails to students and faculty about the new t-shirts being bought and worn on campus. Continue receiving media coverage through campus resources/outlets. Third Week (November 7): Begin advertising for the approaching holidays by changing flyers and displays to match the relevant theme for the month. Increase numbers for all social media outlets by linking every poster, flyer, display and business card to T-MAJiK websites. T-MAJiK will also sell to visiting high schools on Preview Day. Fourth Week (November 14): By the fourth week, T-MAJiK will have increasing sales and possibly release a new design. Fifth Week (November 21): T-MAJiK should have had various events to market the product. With continuous advertising from University resources and word of mouth, T-MAJiK’s social media page traffic will increase. It will also hold a sales event themed for the upcoming holidays. 20 Sixth Week (November 28): Continue to sell throughout campus. Marketing will hold an event where students can show case their artistic talents. Seventh Week (December 5): Organize a promotional event to attract more buyers as the semester comes to an end. Eighth Week (December 12): By the end of the semester, T-MAJiK will have its entire inventory sold and have reached its sales goals. j. Sales Forecast The sales forecast for the company is reasonably conservative so that the goals will be achievable. Initially, sales will be slow because T-MAJiK is a startup company and it will take time to build a sufficient foundation and reputation. Year 2011 (Project Period) The company has concluded that 40% of its units will be sold to men, and 60% of its units will be sold to women. These percentages were provided by the University of La Verne’s public relations director, Charles Bentley. The University of La Verne consists of approximately 40 % male students and 60% female students. The cost to produce a men’s t-shirt is $4.98. The cost to produce a women’s t-shirt is $6.28. T-MAJiK will be selling the t-shirts for $14.00, five days a week, with an exception in week 5, because there will be a campus event on Saturday, November 12. Operating Period Week 1: October 10-14 *No sales (placing order for first batch of t-shirts) Week 2: October 17-21 *No sales Week 3: October 24-28 *First week of sales Week 4: October 31-November 4 Week 5: November 7-12 *Selling on Saturday because it is Preview Day Week 6: November 14-18 Week 7: November 21-25 Week 8: November 28- December 2 Week 9: December 5-9 Week 10: December 12-16 21 Likely Forecast In the likely forecast, T-MAJiK plans to sell to 25% of the initial target population. The initial target population consists of 2,900 undergraduate students (2,900 x .25= 725). Therefore, T-MAJiK plans to sell 725 units between the months of October through December, which consist of 10 weeks. However, in week 1 and 2 there will be no sales because T-MAJiK will be placing its order of t-shirts to its supplier. Units per week The forecast is broken down into men’s and women’s units that are expected to be sold. Units Per Week Men Women Total Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 0 0 30 0 0 45 0 0 75 Week 4 36 54 90 Week 5 44 66 110 Week 6 40 60 100 Week 7 40 60 100 Week 8 36 54 90 Week 9 Week 10 32 32 48 48 80 80 Total 290 435 725 There is an increase in units sold in week 5 because of a University event, Preview Day, where high schools will be visiting. Sales per week The sales forecast is broken down into men’s and women’s sales. It also shows sales starting from week 1 through week 10; however, as mentioned before, there will be no sales activity in week 1 and 2. Sales will start in week 3, which is October 24. Week 3 and 4 are both in the month of October, week 5-8 are in November, and week 9 and 10 are in the month of December. The total amount of sales is expected to be $10,150 (not including expenses). Sales Per Week Men Women Total Week 1 0 0 0 Week 2 0 0 Week 3 420 630 1,050 Week 4 504 756 1,260 Week 5 616 924 1,540 Week 6 560 840 1,400 Week 7 560 840 1,400 Week 8 504 756 1,260 Week 9 Week 10 448 448 672 672 1,120 1,120 Total 4,060 6,090 10,150 22 Total Sales for Project Period Total COGS for Men’s T-shirts Total COGS for Women’s T-shirts Gross Profit $10,150 $1,444 $2,732 $5,974 Best Forecast In the best situation, T-MAJiK plans to sell to 35% of the total population; therefore it will be selling 1,015 units (2,900 x .35= 1,015). Below are the charts showing the units sold per week and the sales per week. Units per week Men Women Total Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Total 0 0 40 48 64 60 54 52 48 40 406 0 0 60 72 96 90 81 78 72 60 609 0 0 100 120 160 150 135 130 120 100 1,015 23 Sales per week Men Women Total Week 1 Week 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Week 3 560 840 1,400 Total Sales for Project Period Total COGS for Men’s T-shirts Total COGS for Women’s T-shirts Gross Profit Week 4 672 1,008 1,680 Week 5 896 1,344 2,240 Week 6 840 1,260 2,100 Week 7 756 1,134 1,890 Week 8 728 1,092 1,820 Week 9 Week 10 672 560 1,008 840 1,680 1,400 Total 5,684 8,526 14,210 $14,210 $2,022 $3,825 $8,363 Worst Forecast In the worst situation, T-MAJiK will be selling to 20% of the total population, which would total to be 580 units (2,900 x .20= 580). Units per week Men Women Total Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 0 0 20 24 36 32 32 32 28 28 0 0 30 36 54 48 48 48 42 42 0 0 50 60 90 80 80 80 70 70 Total 232 348 580 24 Sales per week Men Women Total Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 0 0 280 336 504 448 448 448 392 392 0 0 420 504 756 672 672 672 588 588 0 0 700 840 1,260 1,120 1,120 1,120 980 980 Total Sales for Project Period Total COGS for Men’s T-shirts Total COGS for Women’s T-shirts Gross Profit $8,120 $1,155 $2,185 $4,780 Total 3,248 4,872 8,120 25 Year 2012 and 2013 The average units sold per week in 2011 were 91, so to calculate the units sold for 2012, T-MAJiK multiplied 91 x 52 weeks= 4,732 units. The selling price will remain to be $14.00. 2012 Units per month Men Women Total 2012 Sales Men Women Total COGS Men Women Total Profit January February March April May June July August September October November December 129 193 322 152 228 380 168 168 252 252 420 420 168 252 420 168 128 252 192 420 320 152 228 380 160 240 400 172 258 430 168 252 420 160 240 400 Total 1,893 2,839 4,732 $ 26,499 $ 39,749 $ 66,248 $ $ $ $ 9,426 17,830 27,256 38,992 To calculate the units for 2013, T-MAJiK increased the units sold in 2012 by 1/3: (4,732 x 1/3= 1,577 units) 1,577 + 4,732= 6,309 units. 2013 Units per month Men Women Total 2013 Sales Men Women Total COGS Men Women Total Profit January February March April May June 160 239 399 $ 35,330 $ 52,996 $ 88,326 $ 12,568 $ 23,772 $ 36,342 $ 51,984 180 270 450 July August September October November December 196 212 236 200 196 294 318 354 300 294 490 530 590 500 490 232 348 580 240 360 600 232 348 580 220 330 550 Total 220 2,524 330 3,785 550 6,309 26 V. Capital Budget The following table outlines T-MAJiK’s likely capital budget for the project period in 2011, which consists of 10 weeks. T-Majik Capital Budget October 06, 2011 - December 18, 2011 Weeks Business Cards Web Development Transportation Packaging Men's T-shirt Women's T-shirt Printing Fees Screen Manfacturing Artist Fees Interest Expenses Marketing Expenses Total Start-up 1 $ 75 $ 18 $ 20 $ 100 $ 88 $ 210 $ 278 $ 30 $ 300 $ $ 154 $ 1,273 2 $$$$$ 57 $ 137 $ 181 $$$$$ 374 3 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 88 210 278 4 580 Total Financing Required 2,000 Note: Men's T-shirt per unit $ 2.20 Women's T-shirt per unit $ 3.50 Printing Fee per unit $ 2.78 Orders are based on 40% for Men and 60% for Women 4 $$ 10 $$ 97 $ 231 $ 306 $$$ 4 $ 20 $ 668 5 $$ 6 $$$ 88 $ 210 $ 278 $ 30 $$ 4 $ 20 $ 636 6 $$$ 20 $$ 79 $ 189 $ 250 $$$ 4 $ 25 $ 567 7 $$$ 20 $$ 70 $ 168 $ 222 $$$ 4 $ 30 $ 515 8 $$$ 10 $$ 70 $ 168 $ 222 $$$ 4 $ 20 $ 495 9 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ - $ 6 $ 20 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 4 $ $ 30 $ 10 4 4 Weekly Total $ 75 $ 30 $ 100 $ 100 $ 638 $ 1,523 $ 2,016 $ 60 $ 300 $ 32 $ 269 $ 5,142 27 Expenses 1. Business Cards: In order to promote the t-shirts, T-MAJiK decided to order some business cards. The initial cost is $50; however, T-MAJiK added an additional $25 in case the company runs out of cards faster than expected and needs to order more. 2. Web Development: This expense is composed of two parts: the domain name and the hosting service. The domain name is a one-time fee of $12. The hosting service is $6 each month. For the project period, which consists of 10 weeks, T-MAJiK will initially pay $12 for the domain name and $6 for the hosting service. Then, T-MAJiK will pay the $6 hosting fee twice, once every four weeks. The total cost for web development is $30. 3. Transportation Costs: The transportation costs refer to the costs incurred for picking up the finished goods from MCM, the company’s supplier. This cost may not occur every week, so T-MAJiK has spread the cost throughout the 10 weeks of the project period. The total cost will be $100. 4. Packaging: T-MAJiK will be packaging its product and the cost for the supplies will be $100. 5. Cost of Goods Sold: The cost for a men’s t-shirt will be $2.20 and it is made by a standard of 50% cotton and 50% polyester. However, the women’s V-neck t-shirt is $3.50. It is more expensive than the men’s t-shirt because it will be 100% cotton. The printing cost for men’s t-shirts and women’s t-shirts are the same: $2.78. So, the total cost for a men’s t-shirt is $4.98 and for a women’s t-shirt is $6.28 6. Screen Manufacturing: This cost is for the production of T-MAJiK t-shirts. It is a onetime set up fee; it requires making the transparency for the design of the t-shirt, which is $10 per color for each design. The first design includes 3 colors, so the total will be $30. In week 5, a second design will be launched, also consisting of 3 colors, thus the cost will also be $30. The total cost for screen manufacturing for the project period will be $60. 7. Artist Fees: T-MAJiK has contracted a professional artist named Brandon Spiegel. The cost for one of his designs will be $300. 8. Interest Expenses: The total interest expense for the project period is $32. 9. Marketing Expenses: Marketing expenses for the project period will consist of advertising in the campus newspaper, which is $75 and advertising through Leo FM, which is $60 for a 30 second commercial, aired 10 times a week. Promotional giveaways will cost $60 and flyers and posters will also cost $50. The data, or marketing research, provided by Survey Monkey cost $24. Therefore, marketing costs will total out to be $269. Revenues The revenues are based on the cash sales from T-MAJiK t-shirts. Because T-MAJiK will carry low inventory of finished goods, the cash inflow will be faster compared to other businesses. The total amount of units expected to be sold within the project period is 725. Therefore, the total amount of sales will be $10,150 (725 x $14= 10,150). 28 a. Financial Projections The financial projections in the table below are for T-MAJiK’s likely situation. Weeks Revenues Units sold for Men Units sold for Women Price per unit for Men Price per unit for Women Sales for Men Sales for Women Total Revenue T-Majik Financial Projections October 06, 2011 - December 18, 2011 2 3 4 5 6 1 30 45 $ 14 $ 14 $ 420 $ 630 $ 1,050 44 66 $ 14 $ 14 $ 616 $ 924 $ 1,540 9 10 Total 40 60 $ 14 $ 14 $ 560 $ 840 $ 1,400 36 54 $ 14 $ 14 $ 504 $ 756 $ 1,260 32 48 $ 14 $ 14 $ 448 $ 672 $ 1,120 32 48 $ 14 $ 14 $ 448 $ 672 $1,120 290 435 $ 14 $ 14 $ 4,060 $ 6,090 $ 10,150 $ $ $ $ $ 638 $ 1,523 $ 2,016 $ 4,176 $ $ $ $ $ Cost of Goods Sold Men's T-shirt Women;s T- shirt Printing Total COGS $ $ $ $ 88 210 278 576 Gross Profit $ Operating Expenses Web Development Business Cards Transportation Packaging Artist Fees Screen Manufacturing Marketing Expenses Subtotal Operating Expenses Total Expenses $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ EBIT Interest Expenses $ $ Pre-tax Earnings Net Profit Margin $ (1,273) $ (374) $ 470 $ 592 $ 904 $ 833 $ 885 $ 765 $ 1,090 $1,116 $ 5,008 N/A N/A 45% 47% 59% 59% 63% 61% 97% 100% 49% $ 97 $ 88 $ 231 $ 210 $ 306 $ 278 $ 634 $ 576 40 60 $ 14 $ 14 $ 560 $ 840 $ 1,400 8 0 0 0 0 14 $ 14 14 $ 14 $ $ $ - $ 57 $ 88 $ 137 $ 210 $ 181 $ 278 $ 374 $ 576 36 54 $ 14 $ 14 $ 504 $ 756 $ 1,260 7 $ 79 $ 70 $ 189 $ 168 $ 250 $ 222 $ 518 $ 461 $ 70 $ $ 168 $ $ 222 $ $ 461 $ - - (576) $ (374) $ 474 $ 626 $ 964 $ 882 $ 939 $ 799 $ 1,120 $1,120 $ 5,974 18 75 20 100 300 30 154 697 1,273 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 374 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 576 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 10 20 30 664 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 6 $ $ $ $ $ 30 $ 20 $ 56 $ 632 $ - 20 25 45 563 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 20 30 50 511 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 10 20 30 491 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 6 $ $ 20 $ $ $ $ $ 26 $ 26 $ - - $ 30 $ 75 $ 100 $ 100 $ 300 $ 60 $ 269 $ 934 $ 5,110 (1,273) $ (374) $ 474 $ 596 $ 908 $ 837 $ 889 $ 769 $ 1,094 $1,120 $ 5,040 $ $ 4 $ 4 $ 4 $ 4 $ 4 $ 4 $ 4 $ 4 $ 32 29 In week 6, the company’s cash inflows will cover the loan amount requested. From the beginning of week 7 to the end of week 10, T-MAJiK will not have many costs: material or SGA costs. Thus, the cash inflow during this period is very fast and high. Likely Situation (10 week project period) Weeks Cash received Cash sales T- Majik Statement of Cash flow October 06, 2011- December 18, 2011 2 3 4 5 1 $ Subtotal cash from Operations $ - 6 7 8 9 10 Total $ $ - $ 1,050 $ 1,260 $ 1,540 $ 1,400 $ 1,400 $ 1,260 $ 1,120 $ 1,120 $ 10,150 $ 1,050 $ 1,260 $ 1,540 $ 1,400 $ 1,400 $ 1,260 $ 1,120 $ 1,120 $ 10,150 $ $ $ $ 374 374 $ $ $ $ Expenditures Finished Goods Inventory S.G.A Expenses Interest Payments Subtotal Spent on Operations $ 576 $ 697 $ $ 1,273 576 4 580 $ 634 $ 576 $ 30 $ 56 $ 4 $ 4 $ 668 $ 636 $ 518 $ 461 $ 45 $ 50 $ 4 $ 4 $ 567 $ 515 $ $ $ $ 461 30 4 495 $ $ $ $ Net Cash flow Cumulative Cash Flow $ (1,273) $ (374) $ 470 $ 592 $ 904 $ 833 $ 885 $ 765 $ 1,090 $ 1,116 $ 5,008 $ (1,273) $ (1,647) $ (1,177) $ (585) $ 319 $ 1,152 $ 2,037 $ 2,802 $ 3,892 $ 5,008 Below is a chart that shows the cash flows for 2011 (10 week period), 2012, and 2013. * SEPARATELY ATTACHED ARE THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN DETAIL. - $ 26 $ 4 $ 30 $ - $ 4,176 $ 934 4 $ 32 4 $ 5,142