EUS4930 Section 19B8
COURSE SYLLABUS
Fall 2014
Poverty in Europe (3 credits)
Period W 6-8
Instructor: Éva Havasi
Office:
Office Hours:
FLI0121
Office Phone: E-mail: eva.havasi@ufl.edu
Course Description:
This course is designed to provide students with a basic knowledge of the conceptual, theoretical
and methodological dimensions of poverty. We will utilize multiple relevant sources of
information to examine poverty: books, articles, websites, YouTube videos, documentaries and
public data sets.
The course can be broken down into three main parts:
1. Part: Perception of poverty
In the first part of this course, we will analyze poverty from three different perspectives: the
perspective of the poor, the perspective of public attitudes and from the perspective of
international organizations fighting against poverty. We’ll listen to the poor as they talk about
their lives, and what it means to be poor, then analyze public attitudes about the poor in
Europe and in the US, because people’s attitudes can have a direct impact on the day-to-day
quality of life of people experiencing poverty. We will compare and confront these
perceptions with each other and learn more about the major goals of European and world
organizations that focus on global challenges such as poverty and famine (UN, OECD,
Council of Europe, European Parliament, and World Bank).
2. Part: Poverty concepts and measurement
There is no single ‘correct’ definition. We will discuss absolute vs. relative, objective vs.
subjective poverty definitions. How we define poverty is critical to political, policy and
academic debates. The interpretation of poverty is not a simple task, as there are at least as
many ways of measuring poverty as there are ways of defining it. We will study the related
concepts of poverty, such as inequality, material deprivation, social exclusion, ill-being, and
so on.
EUS4930, Section 19B8 – Fall 2014– Poverty in Europe-Éva Havasi
3. Part: Multi-dimensional poverty concepts (new tendencies in understanding and measuring
poverty)
We’ll learn about the latest approaches to poverty, including multidimensional poverty, wellbeing, better-life and happiness measurements. We will use data from the Eurostat database
and OECD and UN datasets.
The class will be taught in a mixed lecture-discussion format. We will also incorporate small
group discussions and small group assignments. While there will be lectures, videos, the majority
of time will be spent with interactive group discussion and in-class group projects.
By the end of the course you will have to complete your own essay on poverty. I suggest you to
choose a ‘smaller’ scale topic and be creative, take advantage of your own thoughts. You are
advised to use any literature, but don’t just summarize it. (Remember Sir Ken Robinsons’ TED
video.) Example: Make a case study and use some of the concepts we’ve learned to better
understand social problems that you have come across in your life and have personal experience
about.
Objectives of this course:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Understanding the nature and the features of poverty in a wider context.
Raising awareness of different poverty concepts, methods and research findings.
Evaluating the strengths and limitations of different poverty approaches and methods.
Be familiar with Eurostat, OECD, UN and World Bank data on poverty.
Be able to develop a detailed picture on poverty and feel more responsibility for the poor.
Grade Distribution:
The breakdown for the course is as follows:
- Homework and Readings: 100 points
- Final Paper - Short (approx. 5 pages) Essay: 70 points
- In-class participation (attendance, in-class group assignments): 180 points
There will be extra credit opportunities: Throughout the semester, there will be plus opportunities to
receive extra credit.
Homework and Readings: 100 points
There will be approx. 5 homework assignments to give you practice on major skills that are
directly relevant to the graded exercises. (Connected to your own research plan and our seminar
topic.)
If you receive a B- or lower, you can correct your homework at home. If the rewrite is
satisfactory, your grade will be raised.
Final Paper, Poverty Essay: 70 points
Throughout the semester, you will complete 3 separate writing assignments about your chosen
topic. At the end of the semester, you are expected to organize all of these assignments into a
Final Paper.
EUS4930, Section 19B8 – Fall 2014– Poverty in Europe-Éva Havasi
Participation/Attendance (In-Class Group Assignments, presentations): 180 points
The best way to learn is to come to class, so regular attendance is essential. The seminar is based
on in-group work; your absence influences your partners’ achievement.
 If you miss class for medical reasons, religious holidays, or for any other reason you
consider valid, notify your instructor in advance (when possible). Be prepared to provide
written documentation to explain your absence. These absences might be excused, and
therefore would not affect your grade.
 A late arrival by more than 10 minutes count as one absence.
Make-up Exam Policy:
Students who have been granted an excused absence and miss a scheduled examination (because
of illness, mandatory religious obligations, or other unavoidable circumstances) must reschedule
the make-up examination and take it within 72 hours of the original date. Failure to provide
adequate notice may result in an unexcused absence.
Grading Scale*:
Passing Grade
Grade Points
Percentage of
Maximum Points
A
4.0
10093
AB+
B
3.67 3.33 3.0
9290
8987
8683
BC+ C
2.67 2.33 2.0
8280
7977
7673
CD+ D
1.67 1.33 1.0
7270
6967
6663
D.67
S
0
6260
59-
* For more information see “Grades and Grading Policies” - https://catalog.ufl.edu/ugrad/current/regulations/info/grades.aspx
To calculate final grades, the total points earned will be divided by total possible points to
determine the percent of points earned.
E-mail Policy
University of Florida requires that you use your UF Gatorlink account for university (and class)
related email communication. Please see http://www.it.ufl.edu/policies/forwarding.html to
read more on this policy.
Office Hours
Feel free to take advantage of office hours. It’s a good time to ask questions about class work and
homework assignments.
Auditors
Auditors are requested to complete assignments and prepare for class as if they were registered as
regular students. If an auditor does not fulfill these requirements, he/she will be asked to
withdraw from the course.
Academic Honesty
Plagiarism and cheating will not be tolerated. Any example of Academic Dishonesty will be
subject to the rules and regulations set forth in The University Record: Undergraduate
Catalogue,
2013-14
under
“Student
Responsibilities”.
See
https://catalog.ufl.edu/ugrad/current/advising/info/student-honor-code.aspx for more details.
EUS4930, Section 19B8 – Fall 2014– Poverty in Europe-Éva Havasi
Special Accommodation
Students requesting classroom accommodation must first register with the Dean of Student Office.
The Dean of Student Office will provide this documentation to the Instructor when requesting
accommodation.
EUS4930, Section 19B8 – Fall 2014– Poverty in Europe-Éva Havasi
Schedule
Lessons
Date
1-3
Aug.27
Activities
Personal Introduction
Course Overview & Syllabus Clarification
I.
Basic Information on the
European Union (slide)
II.
Assignments
Personal Introduction
Perception on Poverty
(Short Questionnaire)
Poverty through different lenses
4-6
Sep.3
1. Poverty through the lenses of the poor “How Can A Warm Man Understand A In-Class Group Work
Cold Man”
Word Bank Research and EAPN (European AntiPoverty Networks) Reports
2. Public attitudes about the poor in Europe
7-9
Poverty through the public opinion – “The only feeling
that anyone can have about an event he does not
experience is the feeling aroused by his mental image
of that event.” (EU countries)
10-12
Perceptions of poverty
Sep.10
Based on: Special Eurobarometer 355, Poverty and
Social Inclusion, Report, Sept. 2010
http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_35
5_en.pdf
In-Class Group Work
3. Public attitudes about the poor in US in
the US
Based on: 50 Years After LBJ’s War on Poverty,
A Study of American Attitudes About Work,
Economic Opportunity, and the Social Safety Net,
Sept.17 January 2014
http://cdn.americanprogress.org/wpcontent/uploads/2014/01/WOP-PollReport2.pdf
In-Class Group Work
(What poverty means and
how it can be defined.)
Report: 27% of Americans think poor are lazy
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/report-27-of-americansthink-poor-are-lazy/
13-15
Sept.11
4. The major goals of European and world
organizations that focus on global In-Class Group Work
challenges such as poverty and famine
(UN, OECD, Council of Europe,
European Parliament, and World Bank)
EUS4930, Section 19B8 – Fall 2014– Poverty in Europe-Éva Havasi
(slides).
5. The new face of poverty (Europe vs. US)
10-11
Families Struggling to Afford Food in OECD Countries
More than one in five individuals with children had
trouble in 2013
http://www.gallup.com/poll/170795/familiesstruggling-afford-food-oecd-countries.aspx
PBS Video: Why are 46 Million Americans Living in
Poverty? (7.37) (14 Sept 2011)
http://video.pbs.org/video/2128520709/
49 Million Americans in Poverty, Census Calculates
(9.11) (8 Nov 2011)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IcSFO_6IPkw
Air Conditioning, Cable TV, and an Xbox: What is In-Class Group Work
Sept.17 Poverty in the United States Today? By Robert Rector
and Rachel Sheffield
http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2011/07/Wh
at-is-Poverty
6. Poverty in transition and transition in
poverty
Focusing on countries-in-transition belonging to the
former Soviet bloc where the existence of poverty was
officially denied until the collapse of the Soviet Union,
this volume examines the ways in which each country
is dealing with its newly acknowledged and rapidly
increasing poverty
Minimal 2013
http://vimeo.com/84394916
12-14
Notion of poverty and related concepts (material
Sept.24 deprivation, exclusion, ill-being…) – Summary
(Slides)
EUS4930, Section 19B8 – Fall 2014– Poverty in Europe-Éva Havasi
In-Class Group Work
Lessons
Date
18-20
21-23
24-26
28-30
Basic concepts and measurements of poverty
15-17
Okt.1
Activities
III.
Conceptualization and
Measurement of Poverty
1. General Introduction (Slides)
Assignments
Robert Haveman (2009), What does it mean to
In-Class Group Work
be poor in a rich society?
http://www.irp.wisc.edu/publications/focus
/pdfs/foc262n.pdf
Okt.8
2. Absolute Poverty Measurement
(Slides)
Okt.15
3. Relative Poverty Measurement
(Slides)
Okt.22
4. Subjective Poverty Measurement
(Slides)
Okt.29
Summary of Poverty Measurements In-Class Group Work
Final Paper deadline, 1
In-Class In-Group Presentations
(Choosing a topic for the
poverty essay)
Lessons
Date
34-36
37-39
New directions on understanding and measuring poverty
IV.
31-33
Nov.5
Nov.12
Activities
Multi-dimensional Poverty –
New Directions
Multi-dimensional Poverty Measurements
and data, 1. (HDI, Laeken-indicators,
better-life index, well-being indicators, …)
Required Assignments
Attitudes towards
Poverty (
Multi-dimensional Poverty Measurements
and data, 2. (HDI, Laeken-indicators,
better-life index, well-being indicators, …)
V.
Who are the Poor?
Poverty Profiles in EU countries and
US
Roma Population in Europe
Resetting the Poverty Debate State of the States
2013, By Erik Stegman and Sarah Baron December
Nov.19 2013
http://cdn.americanprogressaction.org/wpcontent/uploads/2013/12/HiT-States-report-4.pdf
RELEASE: New Report Tracks Florida’s Progress
Toward
Cutting
Poverty
and
Expanding
Opportunity (Florida), December 17, 2013
EUS4930, Section 19B8 – Fall 2014– Poverty in Europe-Éva Havasi
In-Class Group Work
Final Paper deadline, 2
(Sending the outline of
your essay)
http://www.americanprogressaction.org/press/releas
e/2013/12/17/81267/release-new-report-tracksfloridas-progress-toward-cutting-poverty-andexpanding-opportunity/
Roma people have reason to fear for their lives:
seven adults and two children died in 49 attacks on
Roma communities in Hungary between January
2008 and April 2011, according to the European
Roma Rights Centre.
"The Hungarian Civil Liberties Union (HCLU)
reported the four most serious incidents during the
patrols to police.
Eurobarometer reports: Discrimination in the EU
2012, Special Eurobarometer 393 (Roma chapter),
http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs
_393_en.pdf
-
Nov.26
No class
VI.
40-42
Anti-poverty actions, charity,
…
Thomas Pogge: Ending Poverty (about inequality
spirals) (20.46)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2w6BqUBghg
Dec.3
RSA Animate - First as Tragedy, Then as Farce
(charity) (10.57)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpAMbpQ8J7g In-Class Group Work
David Nasaw, We Can't Rely on the Kindness of
Billionaires, Sunday, September 23, 2007
Nicholas D. Kristof, A Poverty Solution that Starts
with a Hug, January 8, 2012
Course Summary, Conclusions
43-45
Dec.10
Do we blame people for being in Poverty? 09
December 2011
http://www.jrf.org.uk/blog/2011/12/blame-peoplebeing-poverty
In-Class Group Work
Final paper deadline
Poverty Impedes Cognitive Function
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/341/6149/976.a
bstract
EUS4930, Section 19B8 – Fall 2014– Poverty in Europe-Éva Havasi
Course Materials (books, articles, websites, YouTube snapshots, documentaries)
General Overview:
Amartya Sen: Inequality Reexamined, Russel Sage Foundation, New York, Clarendon Press,
Oxford, 1992 (Chapters)
Herbert J. Gans: The Positive Functions of Poverty, The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 78,
No. 2. (Sep., 1972), pp. 275-289.
Amartya Sen: Poor, Relatively Speaking, Oxford Economic Papers 35, (1983) pp. 153-169
Joseph E. Stiglitz, Amartya Sen, Jean-Paul Fitoussi: Report by the Commission on the
Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress, (14 Sept, 2009)
http://www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr/documents/rapport_anglais.pdf
European platform against poverty and social exclusion,
http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=961&langId=en
European Commission: Trends in Poverty and Social Exclusion between 2012 and 2013,
Quarterly Review, Supplement, March 2014
Poverty and Social Exclusion Report, Special Eurobarometer 355,
http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_355_en.pdf
Robert Haveman: What Does It Mean to be Poor in a Rich Society?, Working Paper Series La
Follette School Working Paper No. 2009-00
http://www.lafollette.wisc.edu/publications/workingpapers/haveman2009-001.pdf
I. Part: Perceptions of Poverty
Deepa Narayan with Raj Patel Kai Schafft Anne Rademacher and Sarah Koch-Schulte, Can
Anyone Hear Us?, Voices From 47 Countries (1999), Poverty Group, PREM, World Bank,
December 1999 (Chapter 2, pp. 26-51 and Chapter 7, pp. 216-231)
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPOVERTY/Resources/335642-1124115102975/15551991124115187705/vol1.pdf
Poverty through the lenses of the poor - “How Can A Warm Man Understand A Cold Man”
How Can A Warm Man Understand A Cold Man (4.57), http://tvo.org/video/183475/how-canwarm-man-understand-cold-man
Guardian Report: Poor kids: children describe lives of poverty
http://www.theguardian.com/society/video/2011/jun/04/children-poverty-video
EUS4930, Section 19B8 – Fall 2014– Poverty in Europe-Éva Havasi
At the turn of the new millennium, the World Bank collected the voices of more than 60,000 poor
women and men from 60 countries, in an unprecedented effort to understand poverty from the
perspective of the poor themselves.
http://www1.worldbank.org/prem/poverty/voices/Hear_Our_Voices-Eng.rm
Vortex (Örvény) film trailer (2.33)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Juj5N_Hm0Og
Do we blame people for being in Poverty? 09 December 2011 (For discussion)
http://www.jrf.org.uk/blog/2011/12/blame-people-being-poverty
Eurobarometer reports: Social Climate, Special Eurobarometer 408, Published in November &
December 2012, http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_408_en.pdf
What is poverty? (6.10) Who are the poor? (5.28) Tackling poverty (5.40) – From International
Perspectives (3 videos)
http://www.poverty.ac.uk/definitions-poverty
Robert Haveman (2009), What does it mean to be poor in a rich society?
http://www.irp.wisc.edu/publications/focus/pdfs/foc262n.pdf
At risk of poverty or social exclusion in the EU28 In 2012, a quarter of the population was
at risk of poverty or social exclusion Corresponding to around 125million persons (Eurostat)
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/3-05122013-AP/EN/3-05122013-APEN.PDF
Special Eurobarometer 355, Poverty and Social Inclusion, Report, Sept. 2010
http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_355_en.pdf
II. Part: Basic Concepts and Measurements of Poverty
Amartya Sen, "Poor Relatively Speaking," Oxford Economic Papers 2(35), July 1983, pp. 153169.
Maram, A and Ruggeri, D. (2011) Poor? Relative to What? Social & Public Policy Review ,
Volume 5, Issue 1
http://www.uppress.co.uk/socialpolicy_pdf/Maram%20and%20Ruggeri.pdf#page=3&zoom=auto,-12,599
The State of the Poor: Where Are The Poor, Where Is Extreme Poverty Harder to End, and What
Is the Current Profile of the World’s Poor?, World Bank, Oktober 2013
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTPREMNET/Resources/EP125.pdf
EUS4930, Section 19B8 – Fall 2014– Poverty in Europe-Éva Havasi
Amartya Sen on Justice, How to do it better, The Economist, Aug 6Th 2009
http://www.economist.com/node/14164449?zid=295&ah=0bca374e65f2354d553956ea65f756e0
Well-being, sustainable development and the capabilities theory of Sen, part 1 (9.06)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8rePLtZIGI
Ruth Lister (2004), Poverty (Ch. Defining Poverty)
https://www.polity.co.uk/keyconcepts/samples/lister-chapter.pdf
Poverty and its measurement, The presentation of a range of methods to obtain measures of
poverty, INE
http://www.ine.es/en/daco/daco42/sociales/pobreza_en.pdf
Methodological debate: The Census Bureau released a new unofficial count of poverty in
America on Monday, showing about 16 percent of the population live at or below the poverty
line. Ray Suarez discusses the new numbers with The Brookings Institution's Ron Haskins and
the Institute for Women's Policy Research's Heidi Harrmann.
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/business-july-dec11-poverty_11-07/
PBS Video: Why are 46 Million Americans Living in Poverty? (7.37) (14 Sept 2011)
http://video.pbs.org/video/2128520709/
49 Million Americans in Poverty, Census Calculates (9.11) (8 Nov 2011)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IcSFO_6IPkw
Air Conditioning, Cable TV, and an Xbox: What is Poverty in the United States Today? By
Robert Rector and Rachel Sheffield
http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2011/07/What-is-Poverty
George Noga, Poverty in America: Myth and reality, April 11, 2013
http://www.bizpacreview.com/2013/04/11/poverty-in-america-myth-and-reality-61011
Resetting the Poverty Debate State of the States 2013, By Erik Stegman and Sarah Baron
December 2013
http://cdn.americanprogressaction.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/HiT-States-report-4.pdf
RELEASE: New Report Tracks Florida’s Progress Toward Cutting Poverty and Expanding
Opportunity (Florida), December 17, 2013
http://www.americanprogressaction.org/press/release/2013/12/17/81267/release-new-reporttracks-floridas-progress-toward-cutting-poverty-and-expanding-opportunity/
EUS4930, Section 19B8 – Fall 2014– Poverty in Europe-Éva Havasi
Families Struggling to Afford Food in OECD Countries, More than one in five individuals with
children had trouble in 2013
http://www.gallup.com/poll/170795/families-struggling-afford-food-oecd-countries.aspx
III. Part: New Directions on Understanding and Measuring Poverty (multi-dimensional
approaches)
State of America Well-being, Gallup-Healthways, Full Report, 2013
http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/162029/file-610480715-pdf/WBI2013/GallupHealthways_State_of_American_Well-Being_Full_Report_2013.pdf
Sen, A. K. (2004) ‘Capabilities, lists and public reason: Continuing the conversation’, Feminist
Economics, volume 10, no 3, pp77–80
Seth, S. (2008) ‘A class of association sensitive multidimensional welfare indices’, OPHI
Working Paper No. 27, OPHI. www.ophi.org.uk
Nicolas D. Kristof, A Poverty Solution That Starts With a Hug, New York Times, January 7,
2012
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/08/opinion/sunday/kristof-a-poverty-solution-that-starts-witha-hug.html?_r=2&
Global Voices on Poverty – Interactive Live Blog & Webcast (1.34)
http://live.worldbank.org/global-voices-poverty
http://www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr/documents/rapport_anglais.pdf
David Nasaw, We Can't Rely on the Kindness of Billionaires, Sunday, September 23, 2007
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/21/AR2007092101541.html
Poverty Impedes Cognitive Function
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/341/6149/976.abstract
SOCIAL COSTS OF TRANSITION INTERNATIONAL REPORT by Zsuzsa Ferge, Endre Sik,
Péter Róbert, Fruzsina Albert, Budapest, August 1997, Societies in transition. International report
on the Social Consequences of the Transition
http://fergezsuzsa.hu/docs/social_costs_of_transition.pdf
“How Much Is Enough? The Economics and Philosophy of the Good Life” (Executive Summary,
Conference Paper), 27 - 28 May 2011 Luxembourg
EUS4930, Section 19B8 – Fall 2014– Poverty in Europe-Éva Havasi
http://www.uclouvain.be/cps/ucl/doc/econ/documents/How_much_is_enough_2728_May_2011.pdf
Sendhil Mullainathan, Eldar Shafir: Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much, Penguin
Books, 2013
Eldar Shafir - "Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much", Woodrow Wilson School and
International Affairs (49.14 min), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-Y7lcYoFC4
See more videos:
Tedx (In the spirit of ideas worth spreading, TEDx is a program of local, self-organized events
that bring people together to share a TED-like experience. At a TEDx event, TEDTalks video and
live speakers combine to spark deep discussion and connection in a small group. These local,
self-organized events are branded TEDx, where x = independently organized TED event.)
Ken Robinson: How schools kill creativity (19.25)
http://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_says_schools_kill_creativity#t-6940
President Mujica about the market economy.. (10.06)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3ACrhMqqyk
Vladimir Hernandes, The world poorest president
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20243493
Playing for Change: Stand By Me (5.19)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Us-TVg40ExM&feature=related
Majora Carter: Greening the ghetto (18.30)
http://www.ted.com/talks/majora_carter_s_tale_of_urban_renewal
Paul Piff: Does money make you mean? (Game of Monopoly) (16.35)
https://www.ted.com/talks/paul_piff_does_money_make_you_mean
Michael Sandel: Why we shouldn't trust markets with our civic life (14.37)
http://www.ted.com/talks/michael_sandel_why_we_shouldn_t_trust_markets_with_our_civic_lif
e?language=hu
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nsoN-LS8RQ
EUS4930, Section 19B8 – Fall 2014– Poverty in Europe-Éva Havasi
Richard Wilkinson: How economic inequality harms societies (16.51)
https://www.ted.com/talks/richard_wilkinson
The Cemetery People (3.57)
http://indavideo.hu/video/Elet_a_temetoben
Ernesto Sirolli:
http://www.ted.com/talks/ernesto_sirolli_want_to_help_someone_shut_up_and_listen?language=
hu
Bryan Stevenson: We need to talk about an injustice (23.37)
http://www.ted.com/playlists/15/the_pursuit_of_justice
Magyarország 2011 - Jancsó Miklós: Navigare necesse est
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nEeoCPkQ-wQ
Websites:
http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=751
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/income_social_inclusion_living_conditions/int
roduction
http://www.poverty.org.uk/summary/social%20exclusion.shtml (Nekem)
PSE Homepage, http://www.poverty.ac.uk/tags/europe
European Anti-Poverty Network (EAPN)
http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=327&langId=en
http://voicesofpoverty-eu.net/the-previous-meetings/
EUS4930, Section 19B8 – Fall 2014– Poverty in Europe-Éva Havasi