The Theory and Practice of
Diplomacy
M14322
(20 credits)/
M14323(15 credits)
Level
4
Taught
Spring Semester
Module Convenor: Dr Pauline Eadie
Contact details:
Room C8
Law and Social Sciences Building
CONTENTS
Page
Summary of Content: ......................................................................................... 3
Educational Aims: .............................................................................................. 3
Learning Outcomes: ........................................................................................... 3
Module Evaluation: ............................................................................................. 3
Lecture/Seminar Titles: ....................................................................................... 4
Method and Frequency of Class: ........................................................................... 5
Method of Assessment: ....................................................................................... 5
Coursework Support: .......................................................................................... 6
Guidance to Essay Writing: .................................................................................. 6
Assessed Essay Titles: ........................................................................................ 6
Reading Information: .......................................................................................... 7
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
The Changing Nature of Contemporary Diplomacy ................................ 8
Prenegotiations and Around-the-table Negotiations ............................. 10
Negotiation Momentum and Packaging .............................................. 13
Diplomatic Negotiation and Practice .................................................. 16
Negotiating Across Cultures ............................................................. 16
Intelligence Diplomacy .................................................................... 17
Public Diplomacy ............................................................................ 19
International Mediation ................................................................... 20
Multilateral Diplomacy: the UN ......................................................... 22
The Diplomacy of Regional Actors: the European Union ....................... 24
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Summary of Content:
This module focuses on the changing nature of diplomatic practice, together with the
range of conceptual tools that seek to explain this international activity. Its focus is
contemporary. It provides a political analysis of new developments such as the public
diplomacy, the decline of resident embassies and foreign ministries, and the role of
regional/multinational organisations and summitry. It also encourages students to
consider future theoretical and practical developments in this field.
Educational Aims:
The module offers an advanced study of the theory and practice of current diplomacy.
It will deal with core issues of diplomatic technique and then explores contemporary
aspects of diplomatic practice.
Learning Outcomes:
Knowledge and Understanding Students should:
 Achieve an understanding of different approaches to and phases of modern
negotiation
 Appreciate how these have been used, particularly in the context of crisis
management using case studies
 Appreciate the developing debates over what constitutes modern diplomacy
Intellectual, professional-practical and transferable skills:
 The ability to critically assess advanced academic writing
 Discussing and defending one's point of view in a group
 Communication skills and oral presentations
 Researching and writing of research papers
Module Evaluation:
Evaluation and feedback are crucial to the success of any module. The School wants
students to have their say on Politics modules. Therefore modules are formally
evaluated on a biennial basis, so please use this opportunity to have your say. If you
have any other comments or queries regarding this module, please contact the Module
Convenor.
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Lecture/Seminar Titles:
Please note that the seminars will run a week AFTER the lecture topic, except for Week
3: Negotiation Momentum and Packaging which will run two weeks after the lecture
due to the Workshops). Therefore there will be no seminars in Week 1.
The weekly lecture titles are as follows:
Week 1. 28 Jan: The Changing Nature of Contemporary Diplomacy
(Dr. Sue Pryce)
Week 2. 4 Feb: Pre-negotiations and Around the Table Negotiation
(Dr. Pauline Eadie)
Week 3. 11 Feb: Negotiation Momentum and Packaging
(Dr. Pauline Eadie)
Week 4. 17/18 Feb: Diplomacy Workshop
(Professor Colin Jennings)
17 Feb Diplomatic Negotiation:
Theory (1000-1200hrs)
Simulation (1400-1800hrs)
18 Feb Diplomatic Practice
Content (1000-1200-)
Conduct (1300-1445)
Practice (1600-1745)
Week 5. 25 Feb: Negotiating Across Cultures
(Dr. Pauline Eadie)
Week 6. 4 Mar: Intelligence Diplomacy
(Mr. Michael Herman)
Week 7. 11 Mar: Public Diplomacy
(Dr. Pauline Eadie)
Week 8. 28 Mar: International Mediation
(Dr. Pauline Eadie)
Week 9. 25 Mar: Multilateral Diplomacy & the UN
(Dr. Pauline Eadie)
Week 10. 1 April: The Diplomacy of Regional Actors: the EU
(Prof. Wyn Rees)
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Method and Frequency of Class:
Activity
Lecture
Seminar
Workshop
Number of Sessions
9
9
6
Duration of a Session
1 hour
1 hour
1¾ - 2 hours
Location of Lecture:
Day:
Time:
Clive Granger A41
Fridays
9.00-10.00 am
Location of Seminars:
Hemsley Building, B7 – 10.00 am
Hemsley Building B7 – 11.00 am
ARCHS B33 - 1.00 pm
BIOL B1 – 2.00pm
Hemsley Building Ground Floor Lounge
Fridays (one day of workshop also on
Thursday)
As above for seminars, see lecture details
for Workshop times
Location of Workshops:
Day:
Times:
Method of Assessment:
This 20 credit/15 credit module will be assessed on the following basis:
Assessment Type
Weight
Requirements
Coursework 1
50%
Coursework 2
50%
2 x 2,500 word essay s
(20 credit version)
1 x 2,500 word essay
1 x 2,000 word essay
(15 credit version)
You must submit an electronic copy of your essay via the module’s WebCT site, taking
note of the individual ID number that will be generated once you have successfully
uploaded it. This process is self-explanatory.
After you have done that – and only then - you must submit two hard copies of the
essay to the School Office by Thursday 10 March and Wednesday 11 May 2011.
A submission sheet should be completed and attached to both copies of the essay.
You are required to enter the WebCT ID number on the cover sheet, as proof that you
have already electronically submitted the essay. The submission sheet and the top of
page of each copy of your essay should then be date stamped, and submitted to the
essay chest outside the School Office. Please note that the School Office will be open
from 10am till 4pm (Monday to Friday) on submission days. Essays handed in after
4pm will be stamped as late and the usual University penalties will be applied.
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Failure to complete either process ie electronic and/or hard copy submission will
result in late penalties being applied.
The standard University penalty for late submission should be 5% absolute standard
University scale per normal working day, until the mark reaches zero. For example, an
original mark of 67% would be successively reduced to 62%, 57%, 52%, 47% etc.
Normal working days include vacation periods, but not weekends or public holidays.
Applications for extensions will not normally be considered retrospectively. Any
student wishing to apply for an extension should collect and complete the necessary
forms from the School Office and submit these to the relevant Year Tutor together
with any necessary documentary evidence.
The electronic copies will be scanned to detect plagiarism. It is therefore
imperative that you consult the Student Handbook, which outlines what is counted as
plagiarism and advises you how to avoid it. Failure to submit an electronic copy even if
you submit two hard copies on time will mean that the essay will be counted as having
not been submitted.
Coursework Support:
The Hallward Library and Halls of Residence have a number of networked PCs to
facilitate access to information on holdings.
Please do not hesitate to contact the Module Convenor if you have any difficulties with
the module or assessed work. She will be available without appointment during her
office hours – Wednesday 11.30 -12.30; Thursday 11.30 -12.30. Otherwise
please email for an alternative appointment.
Guidance to Essay Writing:
A short guide for students on essay writing skills and an outline of the marking criteria
used by staff is available from the School Intranet.
Assessed Essay Titles:
• Essays should be 1½ line or double spaced, with ample margins, and written in Font
Size 12 (Times New Roman) or equivalent. • You may choose from any question on
the reading list for your essays
1. 'If foreign ministries and embassies did not already exist, they surely would
not have to be invented' (Zbigniew Brzezinski) Does the Paschke report (2000)
support this view? Explain your answer.
2. To what extent is the supposed novelty of today's diplomacy merely the
'contemporary froth on top of a solid base of traditional ways' (Richard
Langhorne)
3. How important do you consider the ‘pre-negotiation’ phase is for the
successful realisation of one’s goals in an international negotiation?
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4. EITHER Why is the details stage of a negotiation often the most difficult? OR
Critically evaluate the importance of ‘ripe time’ for the conduct of successful
diplomacy.
5. ‘The problem with the concept of ‘public diplomacy’ is that diplomacy should
never be public, and the public are rarely diplomatic’. Discuss
6. ‘As the world becomes more globalised, the problems associated with
negotiating ‘across cultures’ will decline’. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
7. The craft of diplomacy cannot be separated from the pursuit of naked state interest;
thus confirming Sir Henry Wotton’s contention that ultimately “An ambassador is an
honest man sent abroad to lie for the good of his country”. Discuss.
8. Should espionage be considered the ‘missing dimension’ of foreign policy?
(Dilks/Andrew)
9. ‘Compare two examples of international mediation – what were the strengths
and weaknesses exhibited by the mediator/s in each case’?
10. ‘Most states live and die by the success of their multi-lateral, and not their
bilateral diplomacy’. Discuss.
11. To what extent does the European Union’s growing diplomatic role
challenge traditional conceptions of diplomacy?
Reading Information:
General Reading – Books, journals etc
**
*
= Essential text
= Important text
Bibliography
Textbooks:
Berridge, G.R. Diplomacy: Theory and Practice (Palgrave, 3 edn, 2005) JX1662.B4
Leguey-Feilleux, Jean-Robert, The Dynamics of Diplomacy (Lynne Reiner, 2009)
Barston, R. P., Modern diplomacy (Longman, 2 end. 1997) JX1662.B2
Quantity and Quality of Reading
You are expected to read widely, but selectively. There is a lot of reading on this list
because different books address different essay titles under each topic heading, so it is
self-evident that you do not read them all. However you are expected to read widely
and pursue your own particular interests. Do not be daunted by the amount of
required readings listed for some weeks, you don’t have to read them all. We have
just chosen to list a wide range of material so that students have improved access to
key texts and can compare what they have read in seminars. You will not need to read
everything on the reading list, but you are expected to prepare adequately for each
seminar. In other words you should read at least some of the required reading and
have prepared well enough to make a useful contribution to discussions. Students are
also strongly encouraged to search for further resources that are not on the reading
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list. With this in mind the reading list is extensive but not exhaustive. This has proved
to be a popular module and we wish to ensure an ample supply of literature.
About 5% of the books on this list cannot be obtained from our university libraries
because they are out of print. Academic books sometimes go out of print within
months of being published and we have to hunt copies down. These are usually texts
of secondary importance, but are of interest so we have put them on the reading list
because we are aware that many people use other libraries over the vacations and
they are often available in other libraries.
Important Reading:
* Breslin J.W. & J.Z. Rubin (eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice (1991) SLC & OWL
* Zartman, I. W. and M. Berman, The Practical Negotiator (1982) SLC
Melissen, J. (eds) Innovation In Diplomatic Practice JX 1662.I6 - SLC
Nicolson, H. Diplomacy - SLC
Plischke, E. Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisan - SLC
Watson, A. Diplomacy: The Dialogue Between States - JX1662.W2 SLC
Additional Reading:
Berridge, GR, Maurice Keens-Soper, and T.G. Otte. TG Diplomatic theory from
Machiavelli to Kissinger JX1662.D4 - SLC
Evans, PB, Jacobson, HK, Putnam, RD, Double-edged diplomacy : international
bargaining and domestic politics JX1395.D6 OWL
Fisher, R., Ury, W.L., & Patton, B.M. Getting to YES: Negotiating Agreement Without
Giving In, QQ545 FIS - GEORGE GREEN - SLC
Hamilton and Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy JX1635.H2 - OWL
Hocking, B, (ed) Foreign ministries: change and adaptation JF1501.F6 - SLC
Langhorne, R, Who are the diplomats now? : current developments in diplomatic
services UK/P200 WIL/117 documents division - SLC
Newsom, The Public Dimension of Foreign Policy
Marshall, P. (eds) Positive Diplomacy JX1662.M2 OWL
Stein, KW., Heroic diplomacy: Sadat, Kissinger, Carter, Begin, and the quest for ArabIsraeli peace DS119.7.S8 OWL
Seminar Schedule
(Seminar topics run a week behind the lectures, so there is no Week 1. seminar. All
seminars are led by Dr. Pauline Eadie)
Week 2. The Changing Nature of Contemporary Diplomacy (4 February)
This class will introduce students to the main themes of the module, and allocate
responsibilities for class discussion topics, and roles in the simulation.
Required Reading:
Berridge, G, Diplomacy: Theory And Practice, 2nd ed JX1662.B4 - SLC & OWL
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Bollier, D, The Rise of Netpolitik: How the Internet is Changing International Politics
and Diplomacy, available as a pdf from - http://www.aspeninstitute.org/
Finger, S., Inside the world of diplomacy ebook
Ronfeldt, D & Arquilla, J, What If There Is A Revolution In Diplomatic Affairs, (US
Institute of Peace) at http://www.usip.org/virtualdiplomacy/publications/reports/ronarqISA99.html
Watson, A, ‘Diplomacy’, in John Baylis and N. J. Rengger (eds.), Dilemmas of World
Politics, pp 159-73 JX1395.D4 SLC
Important Reading:
Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (Eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 3-12.- SLC
Carne, Ross, Independent Diplomat: Despatches from am unaccountable elite,
London: Hurst and Company, 2009.
Cohen, R., Negotiating across Cultures, 2nd ed (1997), pp. 67-82 JX1392.C6 - SLC
Craig, GA and George, AL Force and Statecraft: diplomatic problems of our time,
2nd ed D443.C7 - SLC
Druckman, D. "Negotiating in the International Context," in Zartman, I.W. and
Rasmussen, J.H., Peacemaking in International Conflict, 81-123. JX4473.P4
Fisher, R. "Beyond YES", in J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (Eds.), Negotiation Theory and
Practice. pp. 123-126.- SLC
Giving In, (entire book) QQ545 FIS -GEORGE GREEN - SLC
Hopmann, P.T., "Two Paradigms of Negotiation: Bargaining and Problem Solving," 542
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 24-47 (November
1995).
Iklé, Fred C., How Nations Negotiate- SLC
Joyner, James, ‘Wikileaks Show American Diplomats in a Good Light’, New Atlanticist,
2 December 2010. Available at: http://www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/wikileaks-showamerican-diplomats-good-light
Khatchadoorian, Raffi, ‘No Secret’s Juliam Assange’s Mission for Total Transparency’
The New Yorker, 7 June 2010. Available at:
http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/06/07/100607fa_fact_khatchadourian
McCarthy, W. "The Role of Power and Principle in Getting to YES," in J.W. Breslin &
J.Z. Rubin (eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 115-122.- SLC
Rubin, J.Z. "Some Wise and Mistaken Assumptions about Conflict and Negotiation" in
J.W. Schelling, T.C. The Strategy of Conflict. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
1960. Chapter 2 (An Essay on Bargaining). OWL
Zartman, I. W. and M. Berman, The Practical Negotiator (1982) OWL
Additional Reading:
Axelrod, Robert M., The Evolution of Cooperation GEORGE GREEN QQ525 AXE
Bazerman, M.H. "Negotiator Judgment: a Critical Look at the Rationality Assumption,"
in Breslin, J.W. & J.Z. Rubin (eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 197-209. SLC
Davis, A.M. "An Interview with Mary Parker Follett," in J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (eds.)
Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 13-26. - SLC
Larson, D.W., 'Crisis Prevention and the Austrian State Treaty', International
Organization 41, no. 1 (Winter 1987): 27-60.
Osgood, CE An Alternative to War or Surrender
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Wetlaufer, G.B. "The Limits of Integrative Bargaining," The Georgetown Law Review,
Vol. 85, 1996. pp 369-394.
Week 3. Prenegotiations and Around-the-table Negotiations (11 February)
Prenegotiation is the extensive range of preparations and activity conducted prior to
the first stage of formal substantive, or 'around-the-table', negotiation. It is directed at
achieving agreement on three matters:
i) Agreement on the possibility that negotiation may prove advantageous to all parties
concerned.
ii) Agreement on an agenda for talks.
iii) Agreement on the manner in which the talks should be conducted - questions of
procedure.
Seminar questions: - discussed through the medium of a role playing exercise.
•
•
•
•
What strategies can be employed to bring reluctant parties to the negotiating table?
'The party that sets the agenda dominates the proceedings'. Discuss
Why does choice of venue make a difference?
To what extent is pre-negotiation open to abuse by states?
Required Reading:
Berridge, G, Diplomacy: Theory And Practice, 2nd ed - SLC & OWL Chs.2 & 3
Cohen, R., Negotiating across Cultures, pp. 67-82 JX1392.C6 - SLC
Raiffa, H. The Art and Science of Negotiation. Chapter 1 (Some Organizing Questions).
pp 11-19. JX4473.R2 - SLC
Stein, J. G. (ed), Getting to the Table: The Process of International Pre-negotiation
first 2 chapters JK1662.G4 - SLC
Saunders, H.H. "We Need a Larger Theory of Negotiation: the Importance of PreNegotiating Phases," in J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (Eds.), Negotiation Theory and
Practice. pp. 57-70. - SLC
Poitras, J. 'Bringing Horses to Water? Overcoming Bad Relationships in the PreNegotiating Stage of Consensus Building', Negotiation Journal, 19 (3): 251-263, July
2003
Watkins, M. 'Getting to the Table in Oslo: Driving Forces and Channel Factors',
Negotiation Journal, 14 (2): 115-135, April 1998
Zartman, W, 'Prenegotiation: Phases and Functions', International Journal, XLIV,
(1989): 237-253.
Important Reading:
Cradock, P., Experiences of China (1994), chs. 16-18 DS777.75.C7 OWL
Fisher, R. "Negotiating Power: Getting and Using Influence," in J.W. Breslin & J.Z.
Rubin (Eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 127-140.- SLC
Fisher, R. "Negotiating Inside Out: What Are the Best Ways to Relate Internal
Negotiations with External Ones?" in J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (Eds.), Negotiation
Theory and Practice. pp. 71-79.- SLC
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Goldberg, S.B., Green, E.D., & Sander, F.E.A. "Saying You're Sorry," in J.W. Breslin &
J.Z. Rubin, Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 141-144.- SLC
Lewicki, RJ., & Litterer, J.A. Negotiation. Chapter 3 (Planning and Preparation). pp. 4573. On order OWL
Levenotoglu, B, 'Prenegotiation Public Commitment in Domestic and International
Bargaining', American Political Science Review, (2005), 99: 419-433
Lax, D.A., & Sebenius, J.K. "The Power of Alternatives or the Limits to Negotiation," in
J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (Eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 97-113.- SLC
Rubin J.Z. "Caught by Choice: the Psychological Snares We Set Ourselves." The
Sciences, 1982, 22:7, pp. 18-21.
Salacuse, J.W. "Your Draft or Mine?" In J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (Eds.), Negotiation
Theory and Practice. pp. 181-185.- SLC
Salacuse, J.W., Making Global Deals: What Every Executive Should Know About
Negotiating Abroad. pp. 169-173. HF5549.A3.S2 - SLC
Stein, J.G. "Getting to the Table: the Triggers, Stages, Functions, and Consequences
of Prenegotiation," in J.G. Stein (Ed.), Getting to the Table: the Processes of
International Prenegotiation. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989. pp.
239-268. OWL
Zartman, I. W. and M. Berman, The Practical Negotiator ch. 3 SLC
Additional Reading:
Kelman, H.C. "Coalitions Across Conflict Lines: the Interplay of Conflicts Within and
Between the Israeli and Palestinian Communities," in J. Simpson & S. Worchel (Eds.),
Conflict Between People and Groups. pp. 236-258. On order
Rothman, J. "Supplementing Tradition: a Theoretical and Practical Typology for
International Conflict Management." Negotiation Journal, 1989, 5, pp. 265-277.
Quandt, W. B., Camp David: Peacemaking and Politics (1986), chs. 3-7 DS128.183.Q8
- SLC
Rubin, J.Z., & Sander, F.E.A. "When Should We Use Agents? Direct V. Representative
Negotiation," in J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (Eds.) Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp.
81-88. - SLC
Salacuse, J.W., & Rubin, J.Z. "Your Place or Mine?" Negotiation Journal, January 1990,
pp. 5-8. - SLC
Around the Table
If pre-negotiations are successfully concluded, the next task for the negotiators is to
move into 'around-the-table' mode. This is generally more formal and there is usually
more public awareness of what, in broad terms, is going on. First comes the task of
trying to agree on the basic principles of a settlement: the 'formula stage'. If this is
achieved, the details then have to be added. The student responsible for this session
should begin by looking at the formula stage and conclude with an examination of the
'details stage'.
Seminar questions:
• What, if anything, needs to agreed before parties sit down 'around the table'?
• Consider the tensions between the role of specialists and 'authority' in early phases
of negotiation
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Required Reading:
Berridge, G, Diplomacy: Theory And Practice, 2nd ed (Macmillan, 2003) - SLC & OWL
Chs.2 & 3
Meerts, P., 'The changing nature of diplomatic negotiation', in J. Melissen (ed),
Innovation in Diplomatic Practice (1999) JX 1662.I6 - SLC & OWL
Zartman, I. W. and M. Berman, The Practical Negotiator (1982), chs. 4-6 - SLC
Important Reading:
Barston, R.P. Modern Diplomacy Ch 5 JX1662.B2 - SLC
Berridge, G.R. Diplomacy at The UN JX1977.D4 - SLC
Binnendijk, H. (ed), National Negotiating Styles (1987) - SLC on order
Cohen, R., Negotiating across Cultures, 2nd. ed (1997) JX1392.C6 - SLC
Cohen, Y. Media Diplomacy, Chp 6. On order
Craig, G.A. & George, A.L. Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of Our Time.
D443.C7 - SLC
Faure, G & Rubin J, Culture and negotiation : the resolution of water disputes (1993)
JX4473.C8 - SLC
Haass, R.N. "Ripeness and the Settlement of International Disputes", Survival, 1988.
SLC
Jackson, G. Concord Diplomacy: The Embassador's Role in the World Today – OWL
Kremenyuk, V. A. (ed), International Negotiation (1991) JK1662.I6 -SLC
Plischke, E. Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisan on order
Quandt, W. B., Camp David: Peacemaking and Politics (1986), chs. 8-12
DS128.183.Q8 Risse-Kappen, T. "Did 'Peace through Strength' End the Cold War?:
Lessons From INF" International Security, Summer 1991
Rubin, J.Z., Pruitt, D.G., & Kim, S.H. Social Conflict: Escalation, Stalemate, and
Settlement, Chapter 4 (Contentious Tactics), Chapter 5 (Escalation and its
Development), Chapter 6 (Structural Changes in Escalation), Chapter 7 (The
Persistence of Escalation), and Chapter 8 (Escalation and Stability). pp. 47-149.
HM291.P7 - SLC
Talbott, S. Deadly Gambits D849.T2 OWL
Talbott, S. The Master of the Game JX1974.73.T2 OWL
Talbott, Strobe. 'Globalization and diplomacy: a practitioner's perspective' Xerox in
SLC
Watson, A. Diplomacy: The Dialogue Between States JX1662.W2 - SLC
Winham,G.R. "Practitioners's Views of International Negotiation", World Politics, 1979.
Zartman, I. W. (ed), International Multilateral Negotiation (1997) HF5549.A3.I6 - SLC
Zartman, I.W. "The political Analysis of Negotiation: How Who Gets What and When",
World Politics, 1974.
Additional Reading:
Bazerman, M., & Sondak, H. "Judgmental Limitations in Diplomatic Negotiations"
Negotiation Journal, July 1988, pp. 303-317.
Berridge, G. R., 'Diplomacy and the Angola/Namibia accords, December 1988',
International Affairs, vol. 65, no. 3, 1989
Jones, D.T. "How to Negotiate with Gorbachev's Team" Orbis, Summer 1989.
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Lax, D.A., & Sebenius, J.K. "Interests: the Measure of Negotiation," in J.W. Breslin &
J.Z. Rubin (Eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 161-180.
Lee, D., Middle Powers and Commercial Diplomacy: British Influence at the Kennedy
Trade Round (1999) HF1721.L4 - OWL
Rubin, J.Z. and Zartman, I.W., "Asymmetrical Negotiations: Some Survey Results that
May Surprise," Negotiation Journal pp. 349-364 (1995).
Salacuse, J.W. "How Should the Lamb Negotiate With the Lion," in Kolb (ed.),
Negotiation Eclectics pp. 87-99 on order
Schelling, T.C. "Strategy and Self-Command," in J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (Eds.),
Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 217-221. - SLC
Sondermann, F.A., Mclellan, D.S., Olson, W.C. The Theory and Practice of
International Relations, chapter 16 - OWL
Underdal, A. "The Outcomes of Negotiation," in V.A. Kremenyuk (Ed.), International
Negotiation: Analysis, Approaches, Issues. pp. 100-115. JX1662.I6 - SLC
Vance, C., Hard Choices: Critical Years in America's Foreign Policy (1983) OWL
Waelchli, H. "Crisis Negotiations Between Unequals: Lessons from Classic Dialogue."
Negotiation Journal, 1994, 10, pp. 129-145.
Webster, Sir C., The Art and Practice of Diplomacy (1961) D363.W4 - OWL
Zartman, I.W. "Common Elements in the Analysis of the Negotiation Process," in J.W.
Breslin & J.Z. Rubin (Eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 147-159. – SLC
Week 4: Diplomacy Workshop Activities (17/18 February)
All Activities are held in the Hemsley Building, Ground Floor Lounge
17 Feb Diplomatic Negotiation:
Theory: how to maximize the chances of a successful negotiation (10001200hrs)
Simulation Exercise - simulated negotiation, press conference and wash -up
session. (1400-1800hrs)
18 Feb Diplomatic Practice (1000-1200- Hemsley Building Ground Floor Lounge)
The context for diplomacy today (economic globalisation, security challenges,
the evolution of the EU and other multilateral bodies, environmental issues,
service to the public, media and other non-governmental liaison, future trends,
etc.)
Conduct (1300-1445)
The conduct of foreign policy today (e.g. establishing diplomatic priorities and
policies to achieve them, successes and failures, etc.).
Practice (1600-1745)
How diplomatic services work (e.g. the role of the Foreign Ministry within
government, what Embassies do, skills needed to be a successful diplomat, etc).
Week 5. Negotiation Momentum and Packaging (25 February)
Momentum
In negotiations, momentum may falter even if the parties are serious about
proceeding – and all parties may not be serious, or at any rate they may not
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necessarily be keen to reach an agreement as expeditiously as possible. The time
must be ripe, as the British say.
In addition to general reading, students should be prepared to discuss the example of
the negotiations between Britain and Argentina over the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands.
Seminar Questions
* What is ‘ripe time’? Is it culturally determined?
* What is the significance of momentum in negotiations? What are the obstacles to it?
How can it be maintained?
Required Reading
Berridge, G, Diplomacy: Theory And Practice, 2nd ed - SLC & OWL Chs.4 & 5
Kriesberg L. "Timing and the Initiation of De-Escalation Moves," in J.W. Breslin & J.Z.
Rubin (Eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 223-234.
Additional Reading
Mooradian, M and Druckman, D., 1999, 'Hurting Stalemate or Mediation? The Conflict
Over Nagorno-Karabakh, 1990-5', Journal of Peace Research, Vol. XXXIV, No. 4, pp.
709-27
Salla, M., 1997, 'Creating the Ripe Moment in the East Timor Conflict', Journal of Peace
Research, Vol. XXXIV, No. 4, pp. 449-66.
Berridge, G. R., 'Diplomacy and the Angola/Namibia Accords, December 1988',
International Affairs, vol. 65, no. 3, 1989
Carter, J., Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President (1982), pp. 267-429 [on the EgyptIsrael negotiations] E873.C2
Chataway, CJ. ‘Track II Diplomacy: From a Track I Perspective’, Negotiation Journal
14 (3): 269-287, July 1998
Cradock, P., Experiences of China (1994), chs. 16-20, 23 [on the negotiations in 19834 for the transfer of Hong Kong from British to Chinese sovereignty]
Der Derian, James, Antidiplomacy: spies, terror, speed and war JF1525.I6.D4 - SLC
Cooper, J, Net Diplomacy (United States Institute of Peace) online at http://www.usip.org/virtualdiplomacy/publications/reports/14b.html
De Soto, A., 'Ending violent in El Salvador', in C. A. Crocker, F. A. Hampson, and P.
Aall (eds), Herding Cats: Multiparty Mediation in a Complex World (1999) JX4473.H4 Kennan, G. F. (1997) 'Diplomacy without diplomats?', Foreign Affairs, 76: 5, 198–212.
Keohane, R. and Nye, J. S. (1998) 'Power and interdependence in the information
age', Foreign Affairs, 77: 5, 81–94.
Harrison, S., 'Inside the Afghan talks', Foreign Policy, 1988
Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson, Metaphors We Live By (1981), esp. chs. 1-3, 11, 16 and 23
QQ542 LAK - GEORGE GREEN
Leonard, M., 'Diplomacy by Other Means', Foreign Policy, 132 (Sep.- Oct. 2002), 4856
Leonard, M, Going Public, JX1662.L4
Lieberfield, D., 1999, 'Conflict, "Ripeness" Revisited: South African and
Israeli/Palestinian Cases', Negotiation Journal, Vol. XV, No. 1, pp. 63-82
Melissen, J., Innovation in Diplomatic Practice, JX1662.I6
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Potter, EH, Cyber-diplomacy: managing foreign policy in the twenty-first century
ebook
Quandt, W. B., Camp David: Peacemaking and Politics (1986) DS128.183.Q8 – OWL
Rubin, J.Z. & Salacuse, J.W. "The Problem of Power in Negotiation," International
Affairs, April 1990, pp. 24-34.
Stedman, S. L., 1997, 'Spoiler Problems in Peace Processes', International security,
Vol. XXII, No. 2.
Sullivan, J. G., 'How peace came to El Salvador', Orbis (Winter 1994), pp. 83-98
Wriston, W. (1997) 'Bits, bytes and diplomacy', Foreign Affairs, 76: 5, 172–182.
Watkins, M, 'Building Momentum in Negotiations: Time-Related Costs and ActionForcing Events', Negotiation Journal, 14 (3): 241-256, July 1998
Packaging
Diplomatic agreements vary in form to an almost bewildering degree. They vary most
obviously in style and form and language: 'treaties', 'final acts', 'protocols', 'exchanges
of notes' – even 'agreements' – and in whether they are open or secret. Students
should be familiar with a range of examples, and be prepared to discuss what
considerations arise in the packaging of agreements.
Required Reading:
Barston, R. P., Modern Diplomacy, ch. 10 JX1662.B2 - SLC
Berridge, G, Diplomacy: Theory And Practice, - SLC & OWL Chs.4 & 5
Cohen, R., Negotiating Across Cultures, ch.9 JX1392.C6 - SLC
Watkins, M., 'Negotiating in a Complex World', Negotiation Journal, 15 (3): 229-244,
July 1999
Important Reading:
Cradock, P., Experiences of China (1994), chs. 19, 20, 23 DS777.75.C7 - OWL
Cradock, P, In Pursuit of British Interests, DA589.8.C7 - OWL
Franck, T. M. and E. Weisband, Foreign Policy by Congress JK570.F7 - OWL
Additional Reading:
Glennon, M. J., 'The Senate role in treaty ratification', American Journal of
International Law, vol. 77, 1983
Gore-Booth, Lord (ed), Satow's Guide to Diplomatic Practice,
Grenville, J. A. S. and B. Wasserstein, The Major International Treaties since 1945: A
history and guide with texts (1987)
Johnson, L. K., The Making of International Agreements: Congress confronts the
Executive (1984)
Shaw, M. N., International Law, 4th ed (1997)
See also: http://www.beyondintractability.org/
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Week 6. Negotiating Across Cultures (4 March)
Seminar questions:
How valuable is Cohen’s distinction between high and low context cultures in
explaining difficulties encountered in international negotiations.
To what extent is ‘diplomatic practice’ a western construct?
Required Reading:
Berridge, G, Diplomacy: Theory And Practice, SLC & OWL Chs.7, 8 & 10
**Cohen, R. Negotiating Across Cultures. 9-43; 215-226. SLC
Important Reading:
Cohen, R. "International Communication: An Intercultural Approach", Cooperation and
Conflict, Vol 11, No 3.
*Cohen, R. 'Resolving Conflict Across Languages', Negotiation Journal 17 (1): 17-34,
January 2001.
Faure, GO, 'Negotiation: The Chinese Concept', Negotiation Journal 14 (2): 137-148,
April 1998 George, A. 'The "Operational Code": A Neglected Approach to the Study of
Political Leaders and Decision-Making,' International Studies Quarterly 13, no. 2 (June
1969): 190-222.
Rubinstein, R. Cross-Cultural Considerations in Complex Peace Operations, Negotiation
Journal, 19 (1): 29-49, January 2003
Salacuse, J.W. Making Global Deals: What Every Executive Should Know About
Negotiating Abroad. New York: Times Books, 1992. Chapter 3 (Coping with Culture).
pp. 42-71. HF5549.A3.S2 – SLC
Anthony Wanis-St. John 'Thinking Globally and Acting Locally', Negotiation Journal 19
(4): 389-396, October 2003
B.B. Knudsen, "The Paramount Importance of Cultural Sources: American Foreign
policy and Comparative Policy Research Reconsidered", Cooperation and Conflict,
1987.
*Benjamin R. Barber, "Jihad Vs McWorld, The Atlantic Monthly March 1992
Bozeman, AB, "Iran: US Foreign Policy and the Tradition of Persian Statecraft", Orbis,
Volume 23, Summer 1979
Breslin, J.W. "Breaking Away from Subtle Biases," in J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin,
Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 247-250.
Bull, H. & Watson A. The Expansion of International Society JC507.E9
Charles Hampden-Turner and Alfons Trompenaars, The Seven Cultures of Capitalism.
New York: Doubleday, 1993. pp. 1-102. HB501.H2
D. Druckman, A.A. Benton, F. Ali, and J.S.Bagur "Cultural Differences in Bargaining
Behaviour", Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 20, No.3, September 1976.
D. Pipes, "Dealing with Middle East Conspiracy Theories", Orbis, Vol 36, No 1, Winter
1992.
G. Fisher, International Negotiation: A Cross Cultural Perspective, Chicago,
Intercultural Press, 1980
G.O. Faure and J.Z. Rubin, (Eds) Culture and Negotiation, SAGE, 1993.
Giffard, Sir S. "East is East: a note on Cultural Distance", Diplomacy and Statecraft,
July 1990.
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Glen, Johnson, Kimmel, and Wedge, "A cognitive interaction model to analyse culture
conflict in international relations", Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 14, No.1
H.F. Van Zandt, "How to negotiate with Japan", Harvard Business Review, Vol 48,
1970, pp 45-56.
Halim Barakat, The Arab World: Society Culture and State, 1993
Janosik, R.J. "Rethinking the Culture-Negotiation Link," in J.W. Breslin & J.Z. Rubin
(Eds.), Negotiation Theory and Practice. pp. 235-246.
Kack Danielian, "Live simulation of affect-laden cultural cognition", Journal of Conflict
Resolution, Vol. 11, No.3
M.K. Blaker, "Probe, Push and Panic: The Japanese Tactical style in International
Negotiations" in R.A. Scalapino (ed) The Foreign Policy of Modern Japan DS889.5.F6
MacRae,M. "London's Standing in International Diplomacy", International Affairs,
Summer 1989.
McDermott, G. The New Diplomacv and Its Apparatus
R.F. Smith, Negotiating with the Soviets, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.
Salacuse, J.W. (1998) "Ten Ways That Culture Affects Negotiating Style: Some Survey
Results." Negotiation Journal, July 1998. pp. 221-240.
Salacuse, J.W., "Implications For Practitioners," in G.O. Faure & J.Z. Rubin (Eds.),
Culture and Negotiation. Newbury Park: Sage, 1993. pp. 199-208. JX4473.C8
Zartman, I.W. "A Skeptic's View," in G.O. Faure & J.Z. Rubin (Eds.), Culture and
Negotiation. Newbury Park: Sage, 1993. pp. 17-21. JX4473.C8
Additional Reading:
Bell, D. "Political Linguistics: a Cross Cultural Perspective." Negotiation Journal, July
1988, 233-246.
Binnendijk, H. National Negotiating Styles. Washington, DC: Foreign Service Institute,
U.S. Department of State, 1987. (entire book)
D.H. Dunn, (eds) Diplomacy at the Highest Level: The Evolution on International
Summitry, London, MacMillan, 1997. On order
Cicourel A., "Text and Context: Cognitive, Linguistic, and Organizational Dimensions in
International Negotiations." Negotiation Journal, July 1988, 257-266.
Faure, G.O. "Negotiating in the Orient: Encounters in the Peshawar Bazaar, Pakistan.
Negotiation Journal, 1991, 7, pp. 279-290.
Graham, J.L. "The Japanese Negotiation Style: Characteristics of a Distinct Approach."
Negotiation Journal, 1993, 9, pp. 123-140.
Weiss, S.E. "Negotiating with ‘Romans’ - Parts 1 and 2. Sloan Management Review,
Vol. 35, No. 1 and 2, 1994. 51-61; 85-99.
Week 7. Intelligence Diplomacy (11 March)
What is intelligence diplomacy? How is it conducted? To what effect? Is there any
contradiction between ‘the secret world’ and the diplomatic one?
Required Reading:
R. Aldrich, ‘Dangerous Liaisons: Post September 11 Intelligence Alliances’, Harvard
International Review XXIV, 3 -Fall 2002 online at http://hir.harvard.edu/articles/1062/
R. Aldrich, 'British Intelligence and the Anglo-American "Special Relationship" during
the Cold War', Review of International Studies, 24, 1 (1998): 331-51
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*J.J. Fialka, War by Other Means, Economic Espionage in America SLC JK468.I6.F4
*S. Lander, 'International Intelligence Co-operation: An Inside Perspective',
Cambridge Review of International Studies 17, 3 (October 2004): 481-93. SLC Also
printed in Christopher Andrew, Richard J. Aldrich and Wesley K. Wark, Secret
Intelligence: A Reader (Palgrave, 2009), ch.10.
S. Lefebvre, ‘The difficulties and dilemmas of international intelligence cooperation’,
The International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, 16, 4 (2003) SLC
J.T. Richelson, ‘The Calculus of Intelligence Cooperation.’ International Journal of
Intelligence and Counterintelligence 4, no. 3 (Fall 1990): 307-323. SLC
Martin Rudner, “Hunters and Gatherers: The Intelligence Coalition Against Islamic
Terrorism,” International Journal of Intelligence and Counter- Intelligence 17, 2 (2004)
P. Schweitzer, Friendly Spies OWL and SLC JK468.I6.S3
J.E. Sims, ‘Foreign Intelligence Liaison: Devils, Deals, and Details’, International
Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 19 (Summer, 2006) SLC
*B. Westerfield, 'America and the World of Liaison', Intelligence and National Security
11, 3 (July 1996): 523-60.
Important Reading:
*A and L. Cockburn, Dangerous Liaison SLC DS119.8.U6
N. Hager, Secret Power, 1996 OWL JQ5829.I6.H2
A.S. Hulnick, ‘Intelligence Cooperation in the Post-Cold War Era: A New Game Plan?’
International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 5, 4 (Winter 1991-1992):
455-465 SLC
*J. Jakub, Spies and Saboteurs, especially Chapter 7 OWL D810.S7.J2
J. Loftus, & M. Aarons. The Secret War Against the Jews: How Western Espionage
Betrayed the Jewish People
T. Mangold, Cold Warrior, esp ch 5 on the SAPPHIRE/de Vosjoli case. OWL SLC
JK468.I6.M2
Y. Melman, & D. Raviv. Friends in Deed: Inside the U.S.-Israel Alliance. New York:
Hyperion, 1994 [see especially chapters 4, 7, 15] E183.8.I7.F7
D.S. Reveron, ‘Old Allies, New Friends: Intelligence-Sharing in the War on Terror’,
Orbis (Summer, 2006).
M. Rudner, 'Britain Betwixt and Between: UK SIGINT Alliance Strategy's Transatlantic
and European Connections', Intelligence and National Security 19, 4 (2004): SLC
***D. Schoenbraum, The US and Israel, OWL
*J.J. Wirtz, ‘Constraints on Intelligence Collaboration: The Domestic Dimension’
International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 6, no 1 (Spring 1993):
85-99. See RJA
*M. Yossi and D. Raviv, The Imperfect Spies: A History of Israeli Intelligence
[published in the US as: every spy a prince] OWL
Additional Reading:
M. Anderson, Policing the World K148.3 AND
J. Bamford, The Puzzle Palace SLC JK468.I6.B2
I. Black and B. Morris, Israel's Secret Wars DS119.7.B5
W. Blitzer, Territory of Lies the Exclusive Story of Jonathan Jay Pollard: The American
Who Spied on His Country for Israel and How He Was Betrayed [a US-Israeli case]
OWL SLC JK468.I6.B5
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B. Champion, 'A Review of Selected cases of Industrial Espionage', INS 13, 2 (Summer
1998): 123-44
B. De Graaff, & C. Wiebes. "Intelligence and the Cold War behind the Dikes: The
Relationship between the American and Dutch Intelligence Communities, 1946-1994."
INS 12, no. 1 (Jan. 1997): 41-58.
R.W. Hunter, Spy Hunter: Inside the FBI Investigation of the Walker Espionage Case
J. Richelson, Ties That Bind: 2nd Edition SLC JF1525.I6.R4
J. Richelson, The US Intelligence Community, Chapter 10 SLC JK468.I6.R4
B. Hebenton and T. Thomas, Policing Europe: Co-operation, Conflict and Control. OWL
HV8194.5.H4
R. Valcourt, ‘Misplaced Loyalties: The Pollards and 'Friends.’ International Journal of
Intelligence and Counterintelligence 3, no. 3 (1990): 425-431. [review essay on
Blitzer’s book]
Week 8. Public Diplomacy (18 March)
What is public diplomacy? How is it conducted? To what effect?
Required Reading:
American Quarterly, Forum on Public Diplomacy in Vol. 57, No. 2, 2005. (See articles
listed in important reading)
Berridge, G, Diplomacy: Theory And Practice, 2nd ed (Macmillan, 2003) Ch. 6
Carruthers, S, Media at War, PN1990.9.C2 SLC
Manheim, JB Strategic public diplomacy and American foreign policy : the
evolution of influence JX1391.M2 - SLC
Newsom, D.D. Diplomacy and the American Democracy JX1706.N4
Newsom, D.D. The Public Dimension of Foreign Policy SLC
Plischke, E. Modern Diplomacy: The Art and the Artisan - SLC
Tusa, J. Conversations with the World SLC
Important Reading:
Bolling, L.R. Reporters Under Fire
Berridge, G.R. International Politics: States Power and Conflict Since 1945. Chapter 7
JX1662.D4 SLC
Cohen, Y. Media Diplomacy.
Edelstein, David M. And Krebs, Ronald, ‘Washington’s Troubling Obsession With Public
Diplomacy’, Survival, Vol. 47, No.1, 2005.
Gowing, N. "The media Dimension: T.V. and the Kurds" The World Today, June 1991.
Hanson, A.C. USIA: public diplomacy in the computer age. SLC
H.O. Hart, Emergent collective opinion and upheaval in E. Europe and the role of
radio communication
Kennedy, Liam and Lucas, Scott, ‘Enduring Freedom: Public Diplomacy and US Foreign
Policy’, American Quarterly, Vol. 57, No. 2, 2005,
Leonard, Mark, Public Diplomacy, Foreing Policy Centre, 2002.
Manheim, JB Strategic public diplomacy and American foreign policy : the
evolution of influence
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Melissen, J. The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations,
Palgrave, 2007.
Newsom, D.D. Private Diplomacy with the Soviet Union. esp ch 10.
Newsom, D.D. The Public Dimension of Foreign Policy (Indiana UP, 1996)
Rawnsley, Gary D. Taiwan's informal diplomacy and propaganda JX1579.7.R2 SLC
Roberts, W. "The media Dimension: Diplomacy in the information age" The World
Today, June 1991.
Steigman, A.L. The Foreign Service of the United States
Theodore, Robin R., ‘Requiem for Public Diplomacy’ American Quarterly, Vol. 57, No.
2, 2005.
Tuch, H.N. Communicating With the World: US Public Diplomacy Overseas
Von, Eschen, Penny M., ‘Enduring Public Diplomacy’, American Quarterly, Vol. 57,
No.2, 2005
Vickers, R., 'The New Public Diplomacy: Britain and Canada Compared', British Journal
of Politics & IR, 6, 2 (2004): 182–194.
Wang, Jian, ‘Managing national reputation and international relations in the global era:
Public diplomacy revisited’, Public Relations Review, Vol. 32, No. 2, pps. 91-96, 2006
Zhang, Juyan, ‘Public diplomacy as symbolic interactions: A case study of Asian
tsunami relief campaigns’, Vol. 32, No.1, pps. 26-32, 2006.
Public Diplomacy Websites:
US Department of State, International Information Programmes
http://usinfo.state.gov/products/calendar/calendar.htm
Voice of America - http://www.voa.gov/
Voice of Russia - http://www.vor.ru/
BBC World - http://www.bbcworldwide.com/brands/rickstein.asp
Radio Free Asia - http://www.rfa.org/
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty - http://www.rferl.org/
Radio Marti - http://www.ibb.gov/marti/
(former) United States Information Agency - http://usinfo.state.gov/
China Radio International - http://www.cri.com.cn/english/
Web Articles:
Walter Roberts, ‘Public Diplomacy: rethinking an old concept’
www.advcomm.fed.gov/oberts.htm
Week 9. International Mediation (25 March)
Seminar questions
What are the various mediator roles and strategies?
What factors and conditions determine the success or failure of mediation?
Required Reading:
Berridge, G, Diplomacy: Theory And Practice, 2nd - SLC & OWL Chs.11
J. Bercovitch (2002) (ed.), Studies in International Mediation. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
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Chs. 1-3,7,12,13.
C. Crocker et. al. (eds.), Herding Cats: Multiparty Mediation in a Complex World
(Washington, DC: US Institute of Peace Press, 1999), Chs. 1-3.
C. Crocker et. al. (eds.), Managing Global Chaos: Sources of and Responses to
International Conflict (Washington, DC: US Institute of Peace Press, 1996), Chs. 30,
31.
M. Kleiboer (1994) ‘Ripeness of Conflict: A Fruitful Notion?’ Journal of Peace Research,
31 (1), pp. 109-116.
M. Kleiboer (1996) ‘Understanding Success and Failure of International Mediation’,
Journal of Conflict Resolution, 40 (2), pp. 360-389.
T. Princen, Intermediaries in International Conflict (Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1992), Chs. 1-5.
J. D. Smith (1994) ‘Mediator Impartiality: Banishing the Chimera’, Journal of Peace
Research, 31 (4), pp. 445-450.
S. Touval, The Peace Brokers: Mediators in the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948-1979
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982), Chs. 1,11.
Important Reading:
P. M. Regan (1996) ‘Conditions of Successful Third-Party Intervention in Intrastate
Conflicts, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 40 (2), pp. 336-359.
W. Simkin (1971) Mediation and the Dynamics of Collective Bargaining. Washington,
D.C.: Bureau of National Affairs.
L. Susskind and J. Cruickshank (1987) Breaking the Impasse. New York: Basic Books.
I. W. Zartman and S. Touval (1985) ‘International Mediation: Conflict Resolution and
Power Politics’, Journal of Social Issues, 41 (1), pp. 27-45.
Zartman, I. W. and Rasmussen, J. L. (eds.) (1997). Peacemaking in International
Conflict: Methods & Techniques. Washington, DC: US Institute of Peace Press.
Jacob Bercovitch and Scott Sigmund Gartner, (2008), International Conflict Mediation
(Routledge)
Timothy D Sisk, (2008) International Mediation in Civil Wars. Bargaining with Bullets
(Routledge)
I William Zartman, (2007) Negotiation and Conflict Management (Routledge)
Jacob Bercovitch, (2008) Theory and Practice of International Mediation (Routledge)
Additional Reading:
Cahill, K, Preventive diplomacy: stopping wars before they start JX4473.P7
Kolb, D. The Mediators. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1983. Chs 2, 5
Lockhart, C. Bargaining in International Conflicts. New York: Columbia University
Press, 1979. Chapter 3 & 4
O'Connell, ME, International dispute settlement, on order
Pruitt, Dean G. Negotiation in social conflict QQ545 PRU
Raiffa, H. The Art and Science of Negotiation. Ch 15.
Rubin, J.Z., Pruitt, D.G., & Kim, S.H. Social Conflict: Escalation Stalemate, and
Settlement, 2nd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994. Ch 11
Stein, J. "Structures, Strategies and Tactics of Mediation: Kissinger and Carter in the
Middle East." Negotiation Journal, October 1985, pp. 331-347.
Zartman, I. William. Ripe for resolution: conflict and intervention in Africa DT30.5.Z2
Oran Young, The Intermediaries (1967)
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Bilder, R. B. "Adjudication: International Arbitral Tribunals and Courts," in Zartman,
I.W. and Rasmussen, J.L. Peacemaking in International Conflict. Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Institute of Peace, 1997. pp. 155-189.
Bockstiegel, K.H. "The Effectiveness of Inter-State Arbitration in Political Turmoil," 10
Journal of International Arbitration pp. 41-50 (No. 1, March 1993).
Carter, J. Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President. New York: Bantam Books, 1982. pp.
269-429. E873.C2 OWL
Engveldt, L. "Potential Roles for the United Nations in International Peace and
Security." Program on Negotiation Working Paper Series 89-4.
Fisher, R.J. "Third Party Consultation as a Method of Intergroup Conflict Resolution."
Journal of Conflict Resolution, 1983, 27, 301-334.
Hill, B. "An Analysis of Conflict Resolution Techniques." Journal of Conflict Resolution,
1982, 26, pp. 109-138.
Salacuse, J. W., Direct Negotiation and Mediation in International Financial and
Business Conflicts" in Horn & Norton, (e.d.). Non Judicial Dispute Settlement in
International Financial Transactions London: Kluwer, pp. 53-72.
Salacuse, J.W., "The Art of Advising Negotiators" 11 Negotiation Journal, pp. 391-401
(1995).
United Nations Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards
United Nations Secretary General: Ruling on the Rainbow Warrior Affair Between
France and New Zealand, [July 6, 1986] 26 I.L.M. 1346 (1987).
Werner, J. "Interstate Political Arbitration: What Lies Next?" 9 Journal of International
Arbitration pp. 69-78, (no. 1, March 1992).
Week 10. Multilateral Diplomacy: the UN (1 April)
What role does the UN play in international diplomacy?
What is the significance of UN Security Council Resolutions?
Should the UN be reformed? Can the UN be reformed?
Required reading
G. R. Berridge, Diplomacy at the United Nations (1995) JX1977D4 - SLC
G. R. Berridge, International Politics: States, power and conflict since 1945 - SLC
E. Luard, The United Nations (2nd Ed. 1994) KY405 LUA - SLC
A. LeRoy Bennett, International Organisations: Principles and Issues KY340 BEN - SLC
F. Kratochwil and E Mansfield, (eds.) International Organisation: A reader (1994)
JX1954.I6 -SLC
A. Roberts and B. Kingsbury (eds.), United Nations, Divided World: the UN’s role in
International Relations (2nd edition, 1993) JX1977.U6 -SLC
T. G. Weiss, D. P. Forsythe, R. A. Coate, The United Nations and Changing World Politics
(2001) JX1977.W4 -SLC
James P. Muldoon et al Multilateral diplomacy and the United Nations today (2005)
JZ4984.5.M8
Additional reading
Adam Roberts, ‘Communal conflict as a challenge to International Organisation: the case
of former Yugoslavia’, Review of International Studies Oct. 1994
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M. C. Ott, ‘Mediation as a method of conflict resolution: two cases’, International
Organisation 26/3 1972
Y. Akashi, ‘Eyewitness: the challenge of peacekeeping in Cambodia’, International
Peacekeeping, 1/2 1994
J. Allan, Peacekeeping: outspoken observations by a field officer (1996) JX1981.P7.A5
M. F.Anstee, ‘Angola: the forgotten tragedy, a test case for UN peacekeeping’,
International Relations XI/6 1993
G. R. Berridge, Return to the UN: UN Diplomacy in Regional Conflicts 1991 JX1952.B4
D. Carment and P James, ‘ The UN at 50: managing ethnic crises – past and present’,
Journal of Peace Research, 35/1 1998
A. Destexhe, ‘Confronting Genocide in Rwanda, Foreign Policy 97 Winter 1994
Michael W. Doyle, UN Peacekeeping in Cambodia. UNCTAC’s civil mandate (1995)
JX1952.D6
Michael W. Doyle, Ian Johnstone and Robert C. Orr (eds.), Keeping the peace:
multidimensional UN operations in Cambodia and El Salvador 1997 KY408.2 KEE
M. Goulding ‘ The UN in Africa since the Cold War’, African Affairs 98/391 1999
M. Griffin, ‘Retrenchment, reform and regionalisation: trends in UN Peace Support
Operations’, International Peacekeeping vol. 6 1999
R. Higgins, ‘ The new UN and Former Yugoslavia’, International Affairs 69/3 1993
A. James, ‘The UN in Croatia: an exercise in futility?’, The World Today, 49/5
A. James, ‘The United Nations force in Cyprus’, International Affairs, 1989
Ian Johnstone, Aftermath of the Gulf War: an assessment of UN action (1994)
DS79.72.J6
R.W. Nelson, Multinational peacekeeping in the Middle East and the United Nations
model’, International Affairs winter 1984-85.
J. Mayall (ed.), The New Interventionism, 1991-1994 United Nations Experience in
Cambodia, former Yugoslavia and Somalia (1996) JX1981.P7/N4
David M. Malone, 'The Security Council: Adapting to Address Contemporary Conflicts',
Negotiation Journal, 19 (1): 69-83, January 2003
H McCoubrey and N D White International Organisations and Civil Wars (1995)
KY1365.MAC
Sir Anthony Parsons, From Cold War to Hot Peace: UN Interventions 1947-1994 (1995)
JX1952.PAR
Connie Peck, The United Nations as a dispute settlement system: improving mechanisms
for the prevention and resolution of conflict (1996) KY405 PEC
M. Rose, ‘The Bosnia Experience’, in Ramesh Thakur (ed.), Past imperfect, future
UNcertain: the United Nations at fifty 1998 JX1977.P2
S. Tharoor, ‘UN peacekeeping in Europe’, Survival 36/2 1995
B. Urquhart, ‘International peace and security: thoughts on the 20th anniversary of Dag
Hammarskjold’s death’, Foreign Affairs, Fall 1981.
Had enough? – here’s some more on peacekeeping
Donald C.F. Daniel and Bradd C. Hayes, Beyond Traditional Peacekeeping (1995)
JX1952.B4
International Journal, vol 1/2 1995 Special Issue – ‘Peacekeeping’s New Look’.
A. Zacarias, The United Nations and International Peacekeeping (1996) JX1952.P7.Z2
Nigel White, Keeping the Peace: The United Nations and the Maintenance of
International Peace and Security (2nd ed, 1997) KY408.2WHI
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Larry Minear and Thomas G. Weiss, Mercy under fire: war and the global humanitarian
community (1995) HV639.M4
Urquhart, B. "The Role of the UN in Maintaining and Improving International Security",
Survival, 1986.
Glass, D. "The UN Security Council: perceptions of bias", The World Today, Dec 1990.
Hindell, K. "The UN Security Council: filling the Gaps", The World Today, Dec 1990.
Peck, C, The United Nations as a dispute settlement system : improving mechanisms
for the prevention and resolution of conflict KY405 PEC
Parsons, N. "The Parsons Theorem, or is the UN getting useful at last?, The Economist,
I October 1988.
Sondermann, F.A., Mclellan, D.S., Olson, W.C. The Theory and Practice of
International Relations, chapter 25
Week 11. The Diplomacy of Regional Actors: the European Union
(May 6, after Easter holiday)
This topic will analyse the European Union as a diplomatic actor. It will look at the
inter-relationship between national and EU foreign policy; the policymaking process
within the EU institutions and the debate about the need for an EU diplomatic corps.
Seminar Questions:
To what extent has the appointment of the EU High Representative and his staff
changed the EU’s capacity to conduct foreign policy?
Is an EU diplomatic staff a prerequisite for a coherent EU foreign policy?
Important Reading
M. Bruter, ‘Diplomacy without a state: The external delegation of the European
Commission’, Journal of European Public Policy, 2, 1999
C. Hill, The Actors in Europe’s Foreign Policy (1996) SLC
J. Monar, ‘The case for a Diplomatic Academy of the European Union’, European
Foreign Affairs Review, 5/3 Autumn 2000
C. Musu, ‘European foreign policy: A collective policy or a policy of ‘converging
parallels’? European Foreign Affairs Review, 8/1, Spring 2002
C. Piana, ‘The EU’s decision-making policy in the Common Foreign and Security Policy,
European Foreign Affairs Review, 7/2, Summer 2002
K. Smith, EU Foreign Policy in a Changing World (2003)SLC
Hill, Christopher (2004) 'Renationalizing or regrouping? EU foreign policy since 11
September 2001, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 143-163
Gourlay, Catriona 'European Union Procedures and Resources for Crisis Management',
International Peacekeeping, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 404-421
Bono, Giovanna 'The EU's military doctrine', International Peacekeeping, Vol. 11, No.
3, pp. 439-456
Supplementary Reading
C. Bretherton, & J. Vogler, The EU as a Global Actor (1999)
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K. Eliassen, Foreign and Security Policy in the EU (1998)
P. Gordon, ‘Europe’s uncommon foreign policy’, International Security, Winter 1997-8
S. Hoffman, ‘Towards a common European foreign and security policy’, Journal of
Common Market Studies, June 2000
M. Holland, (ed) Common Foreign and Security Policy (1997)
I. Manners, R. Whitman, The Foreign Policies of EU Member States (2000)
S. Nuttall, European Foreign Policy (2000)
W. Rees, ‘CFSP and defence: a lost opportunity?’ in Lynch, Neuwahl & Rees, Reforming
the European Union (2000)
B. White, Understanding European Foreign Policy (2001)
Relevant Websites
EU’s Europa Website at http://europa.eu.int/
EU Institute for Security Studies at www.iss-eu.org
European Foreign Policy Research Network at www.fornet.info
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