AP Biology
Cellular Respiration
Chap 6 - Reading Guide
Chapter 6
Cellular Respiration
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Chapter 6 QUESTIONS – Overview of Cell Respiration
1. What is the overall equation for cellular respiration?
2. What happens to the amount of potential energy of electrons as they shift from carbon and
hydrogen toward oxygen in cellular respiration?
3. What are the functions of NAD+ and FAD in cellular respiration?
4. Contrast the following:
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation
5. Define chemiosmosis. Review the principles of chemiosmosis and the concept of the proton motive
force.
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AP Biology
Cellular Respiration
Chap 6 - Reading Guide
6. Describe the four phases of cellular respiration and include the location within the cell they occur:
Glycolysis
Pyruvate
Oxidation
Citric Acid
Cycle
Electron
Transport Chain
Description:
Description:
Description:
Description:
Location:
Location:
Location:
Location:
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AP Biology
Cellular Respiration
Chap 6 - Reading Guide
Glycolysis Summary
ENERGY INVESTMENT
ENERGY YIELDING
IN
OUT
7. Why is glycolysis considered anaerobic?
8. What happens to pyruvate if oxygen is not available?
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AP Biology
Cellular Respiration
Chap 6 - Reading Guide
The Citric Acid Cycle – Acetyl CoA Prep
9. Where does this reaction occur?
10. Write the detailed reaction for the Preparatory Reaction below:
ACETYL COA PREP PER PYRUVATE
IN
OUT
ACETYL COA PREP PER GLUCOSE
IN
OUT
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AP Biology
Cellular Respiration
Chap 6 - Reading Guide
Citric Acid Cycle
CITRIC ACID CYCLE SUMMARY PER PYRUVATE
IN
OUT
CITRIC ACID CYCLE SUMMARY PER GLUCOSE
IN
OUT
11. Complete the following chart by providing the number of each molecule produced per glucose
molecule.
MOLECULE
# PRODUCED PER
MOLECULE
GLUCOSE
# PRODUCED PER
GLUCOSE
NADH
ATP
CO2
FADH2
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AP Biology
Cellular Respiration
Chap 6 - Reading Guide
Electron Transport Chain
12. What are the reactants and products of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation?
REACTANTS
PRODUCTS
13. As electrons are transported through the electron transport chain to oxygen, they lose potential
energy. This energy is used to do what work?
Fermentation
INPUTS
OUTPUTS
14. Compared to aerobic respiration, how efficient is fermentation?
15. Where does the majority of potential energy of glucose reside after fermentation?
16. Under what condition(s) does fermentation occur?
17. Describe what happens during lactic acid fermentation.
18. Why is replenishing NAD+ crucial to cellular metabolism?
19. Summarize the total energy yield from glucose in human cells in the presence versus the absence
of O2.
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AP Biology
Cellular Respiration
Chap 6 - Reading Guide
Metabolic Pool
Define:
CATABOLISM
ANABOLISM
20. Most commonly glucose is represented as the molecule broken down in the respiration equation.
Does this mean that glucose is the only source of energy in cellular respiration? Explain.
21. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used fuel for cellular respiration. Trace the path of
each of these food groups from the point of digestion in the intestines to where and in what form
they enter cellular respiration.
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
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AP Biology
Cellular Respiration
Chap 6 - Reading Guide
1. What is the role of photosynthesis in an ecosystem?
1. Define oxidation and reduction in terms of electron gain or loss; gain or loss of hydrogen and
oxygen.
2. In general, describe what happens during photosynthesis and write a summary equation.
a. What are the reactants in photosynthesis?
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b. What are the products of photosynthesis?
_____________________________
c. Where in the cell does photosynthesis occur?
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d. What substance is oxidized?
_____________________________
e. What substance is reduced?
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2. Water and carbon dioxide are both required for photosynthesis.
a. How does water get to the site of photosynthesis?
b. How does the carbon dioxide get the site of photosynthesis?
11. What is the source of O2 produced in photosynthesis?
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AP Biology
Cellular Respiration
Chap 6 - Reading Guide
12. Photosynthesis is described as an endergonic redox process.
a. Why endergonic?
b. What substance is oxidized?
c. To what is it oxidized?
d. What substance is reduced?
e. To what is it reduced?
3. Indicated the role of each structure within the leaf:
a. Mesophyll cells
b. Thylakoid
c. Thylakoid membrane
d. Grana
e. Stroma
f.
Photosystem
g. Stomata
h. chlorophyll
15. What pigments are involved (directly and indirectly) in photosynthesis?
18. In general, describe the structure of a photosystem.
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AP Biology
Cellular Respiration
Chap 6 - Reading Guide
19. Where, within the chloroplast, are the photosystems located?
20. Compare and contrast the two photosystems in photosynthesis.
Photosystem I
Photosystem II
24. Describe the organization of the thylakoid membrane, the location of the various components of the
light reactions, and how ATP is produced by chemiosmosis. You may find it helpful to sketch a
diagram similar to Figure 10.12, indicating where H+ become concentrated and ATP is produced.
25. Summarize the light reactions below:
Reactants
Products
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AP Biology
Cellular Respiration
Chap 6 - Reading Guide
QUESTIONS – Chapter 10.3: The Calvin Cycle
26. Summarize the three stages of the Calvin Cycle below:
Stage
Summary (Reactants and Products)
27. What is the role of Rubisco in the Calvin cycle? (What is its more formal name?)
28. Where does the Calvin Cycle occur within the chloroplasts?
29. For each glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate molecule that exits the Calvin cycle:
________ molecules of CO2 enter the cycle
________ molecules of ATP are used
________ molecules of NADPH are used
________ turns of the Calvin cycle are required
30. What are the possible fates of G3P?
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AP Biology
Cellular Respiration
Chap 6 - Reading Guide
31. For each glucose molecule produced by photosynthesis:
________ molecules of CO2 are used
________ molecules of ATP are used
________ molecules of NADPH are used
________ turns of the Calvin cycle are required
32. Summarize the Calvin cycle below:
Reactants
Products
What is
photorespiration?
Why does it
occur?
What effect does
it have on
photosynthetic
output?
What environmental conditions foster photorespiration?
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AP Biology
Cellular Respiration
Chap 6 - Reading Guide
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AP Biology
Cellular Respiration
Chap 6 - Reading Guide
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