Psychological Disorders
1. At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. These have
been replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts were made to diagnose
and cure those with psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial
consequences of:
a. psychoanalytic theory.
c. the medical model.
b. the DSM-IV.
d. linkage analysis.
2. People around the world may experience the same genetically based disorder
quite differently depending on their own personal expectations and the definitions of
abnormality common to their unique culture. This best illustrates the need for:
a. association studies.
c. linkage analysis.
b. the medical model.
d. a biopsychosocial approach.
3. A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is known as
the:
a. DID.
c. DSM-IV.
b. medical model.
d. biopsychosocial approach.
4. Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension,
sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from a(n):
a. phobia.
b. dysthymic disorder.
c. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
d. generalized anxiety disorder.
5. The avoidance of situations in which help may not be available when panic strikes
is most characteristic of:
a. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
c. a manic episode.
b. dysthymic disorder.
d. agoraphobia.
6. Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two
children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the
event that render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly
showing signs of:
a. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
b. generalized anxiety disorder.
c. post-traumatic stress disorder.
d. dissociative identity disorder.
7. Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching any lake. Her therapist
suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a
child. The therapist’s suggestion reflects a ________ perspective.
a. psychoanalytic
c. learning
b. biological
d. humanistic
8. A sudden loss of memory is one of the symptoms of a(n):
a. bipolar disorder.
c. panic disorder.
b. dissociative disorder.
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
9. Elaine feels that her life is empty, has lost all interest in her career and hobbies,
and wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from:
a. a dissociative disorder.
c. a mood disorder.
b. antisocial personality disorder.
d. agoraphobia.
10. An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be
associated with:
a. a manic episode.
b. schizophrenia.
c. dysthymic disorder.
d. antisocial personality disorder.
11. Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI
agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from:
a. compulsions.
c. delusions.
b. catatonia.
d. hallucinations.
12. Catatonia is characterized by:
a. periods of immobility or excessive, purposeless movement.
b. offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.
c. hyperactive, wildly optimistic states of emotion.
d. delusions of persecution.
13. Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce:
a. hallucinations.
c. agoraphobia.
b. depression.
d. generalized anxiety disorder.
14. The relationship between the season of the year in which people are born and
their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ________ in this
disorder.
a. glutamate receptors
c. oxygen deprivation
b. viral infections
d. learned helplessness
15. Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie
convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around
him, but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his
actions. His behavior best illustrates:
a. schizophrenia.
b. bipolar disorder.
c. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
d. an antisocial personality disorder.
16. Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to
complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in
playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of:
a. DID.
c. PTSD.
b. OCD.
d. ADHD.
17. An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful
memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by:
a. linkage analysis.
c. the medical model.
b. a biopsychosocial approach.
d. the learning perspective.
18. After participants in one study were informed that a videotaped interviewee was
a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases such as “a passive
type” and “frightened of his own impulses.” This study best illustrated the:
a. dangers of dissociative identity disorder.
c. biasing power of diagnostic labels.
perspective.
b. unreliability of the DSM-IV.
d. shortcomings of the social-cognitive
19. Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack are most characteristic
of:
a. bipolar disorder.
c. dysthymic disorder.
b. panic disorder.
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
20. Although Mark realizes that his behavior is unreasonable, he is so alarmed by
high bridges or expressway overpasses that he avoids them by taking an
unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from
a(n):
a. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
c. phobia.
b. mood disorder.
d. generalized anxiety disorder.
21. Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress intrusive
thoughts that she might have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her
experience is most symptomatic of:
a. a panic disorder.
b. an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
c. a generalized anxiety disorder.
d. a histrionic personality disorder.
22. Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money, but over the past two
weeks he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire life savings on a single
horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees
unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman’s
behavior is most indicative of:
a. an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
c. mania.
b. a dysthymic disorder.
d. a panic attack.
23. The suggestion that dissociative identity disorders are created as defenses
against the anxiety caused by one’s own unacceptable impulses best illustrates the:
a. psychoanalytic perspective.
c. medical model.
b. biopsychosocial approach.
d. social-cognitive perspective.
24. A dysthymic disorder is most likely to be characterized by:
a. a continuous state of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system
arousal.
b. alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.
c. a persistent irrational fear of other people.
d. a persistently sad mood and low energy level.
25. The social-cognitive perspective has linked the experience of depression to:
a. learned helplessness.
b. external attributions for failure.
c. disruptions in conscious awareness.
d. a lack of guilt feelings.
26. Amanda’s therapist suggests that her depression results from mistakenly
blaming herself rather than a slumping economy for her recent job loss. Her
therapist’s suggestion best illustrates a:
a. DSM-IV diagnosis.
c. medical model.
b. linkage analysis.
d. social-cognitive perspective.
27. An effective way to break the vicious cycle of depression is to explain stressful
events in terms that are:
a. stable and specific.
b. temporary and global.
c. specific and temporary.
d. global and stable.
28. Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach
and are watching her to see how long it takes her to grow another one. Mrs. Higgins
is most likely suffering from:
a. agoraphobia.
c. schizophrenia.
b. bipolar disorder.
d. a dissociative identity disorder.
29. Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him that he is so
evil that he should drown himself. Michael is experiencing:
a. a panic attack.
c. flat affect.
b. catatonia.
d. hallucinations.
30. Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia?:
a. hallucinations
c. social withdrawal
b. delusions.
d. inappropriate rage