Post Test
11.1
Which of the following achievement motivation perspectives specifically promotes the
use of management by objectives?
a) Self-efficacy Theory
b) Equity Theory
c) Goal-setting Theory
d) Behavioral Theories
11.2
Which of the following achievement motivation perspectives is most consistent with the
use of rewards and punishment in motivating workers?
a) Behavioral Theories
b) Need Theories
c) Equity Theory
d) Goal-setting Theory
11.3
Which of the following achievement motivation perspectives specifically promotes the
use of empowerment strategies?
a) Behavioral Theories
b) Equity Theory
c) Need Theories
d) Self-efficacy Theory
11.4
Which of the following achievement motivation perspectives is concerned with
procedural justice?
a) Equity Theory
b) Need Theories
c) Self-efficacy Theory
d) Goal-setting Theory
11.5
Which one of the following achievement motivation perspectives is most consistent with
the works of Maslow and Herzberg?
a) Self-efficacy Theory
b) Equity Theory
c) Need Theories
d) Behavioral Theories
11.6
Which one of the following achievement motivation perspectives is most consistent with
the notion of intrinsic and extrinsic factors?
a) Self-efficacy Theory
b) Need Theories
c) Behavioral Theories
d) Equity Theory
11.7
Which one of the following achievement motivation perspectives is most closely
associated with Alderfer's existence, relatedness, and growth model?
a) Self-efficacy Theory
b) Need Theories
c) Behavioral Theories
d) Goal-setting Theory
11.8
Which of the following achievement motivation perspectives emphasizes worker
perceptions about their inputs and outputs?
a) Equity Theory
b) Need Theories
c) Self-efficacy Theory
d) Goal-setting Theory
8.4
Which of the following is the most consistent benefit of flextime scheduling, according to
the research?
a) Greater self-efficacy
b) Improved job performance
c) Reduced absenteeism
d) Increased job satisfaction
6.3
Based on the terminology of Two-Factor Theory, which of the following refers to
motivator factors?
a) Hygiene factors
b) External factors
c) Relationship factors
d) Intrinsic factors
10.3
If an organization were utilizing an MBO strategy, which of the following would be a
characteristic of its performance goals?
a) Written by supervisors for their employees
b) Are consistent with higher-level goals
c) All written by upper management
d) Are vague and open-ended
7.1
Which of the following proposes that the outcomes of a task impact the chances that a
person will perform the task the same way next time?
a) Reinforcement Theory
b) Expectancy Theory
c) Goal-setting Theory
d) Self-determination Theory
9.1
Based on Equity Theory, which of the following statements is correct?
a) We are most motivated to act when we feel cheated
b) We are most motivated to act when we feel confident in our ability to act
c) We are most motivated to act when we fear punishment for not acting
d) We are most motivated to act when we expect to be rewarded for acting
8.5
What does the research suggest is a potential limitation of self-efficacy theory?
a) There is no correlation between self-efficacy and commitment
b) There is no correlation between self-efficacy and performance
c) People with high self-efficacy usually do not persist in the face of obstacles
d) High self-efficacy cannot overcome a lack of ability to perform the task
6.1
Based on ERG Theory, how would you refer to a person's need to develop camaraderie
with his/her co-workers?
a) Self-esteem need
b) Safety need
c) Relationship need
d) Growth need
10.4
What is a limitation of Goal-setting Theory?
a) It has not been used in real-life organizational settings
b) Novices should be focused on learning and development
c) There is no correlation between goal-setting and commitment
d) There is no correlation between goal-setting and performance
9.4
Based on Equity Theory, what determines your level of motivation to perform a task?
a) The degree to which you own shares of the company stock
b) The degree to which you perceive the situation to be fair
c) The degree to which you value the rewards given for performing the task
d) The degree to which you believe you can perform the task
7.4
Based on Expectancy Theory, which of the following terms refers to the probability that a
given behavior will lead to a certain outcome?
a) Instrumentality
b) Expectancy
c) Motivation
d) Valance
8.1
How would you define the term 'self-efficacy?'
a) Belief in the effectiveness of my peers
b) Belief in the fairness of the system
c) Belief in my ability to perform a task
d) Belief in my own self-worth
6.4
Based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory, what compels you to meet your needs?
a) My natural will to survive
b) My urge to avoid frustration regression
c) My natural drive to reduce tension
d) My exposure to hygiene factors
9.3
Which of the following is a potential limitation of Equity Theory?
a) Beliefs about equity are not measurable
b) Beliefs about equity cannot be predicted for employees in general
c) Beliefs about equity have no correlation with employee satisfaction
d) Beliefs about equity have no correlation with employee retention
10.1
Based on Goal-setting Theory, what kind of goal leads to the best task performance?
a) Specific, immediate, and challenging
b) Vague, distant, and easy
c) Specific, distant, and challenging
d) Vague, immediate, and easy
7.3
Which of the following best describes a situation in which something you dislike is taken
away as a reward for a certain behavior?
a) Positive reinforcement
b) Negative reinforcement
c) Positive punishment
d) Negative punishment
8.3
Which of the following is a direct extension of Self-efficacy Theory?
a) Management by Objectives
b) Expectancy Theory
c) Equity Theory
d) Empowerment Theory
6.2
According to Two-factor Theory, which of the following would be called an intrinsic
factor?
a) Respect
b) Vacation days
c) Working conditions
d) Job security
9.2
Based on Equity Theory, what would you call pay, benefits, and job satisfaction?
a) Motivator factors
b) Hygiene factors
c) Inputs
d) Outputs
7.2
A company decides to pay its employees every two weeks an amount that is based on
seniority and position. What kind of reinforcement schedule is the company using?
a) Performance-based
b) Continuous reinforcement
c) Interval (partial)
d) Ratio (partial)
10.2
Which of the following is a practical application of Goal-setting Theory?
a) Employee empowerment
b) Flex-time scheduling
c) Management by objectives
d) Procedural justice
8.2
When self-efficacy advocates talk about the 'self-fulfilling prophecy,' what do they mean?
a) If you feel you can perform a task well, you will likely perform it well
b) If you feel better about yourself, you will likely feel greater commitment
c) If you believe you will receive a reward, you will likely perform better
d) If you believe a situation is fair, you will likely feel more motivated
7.5
Which of the following refers to the perceived value that an individual places on an
outcome?
a) Instrumentality
b) Expectancy
c) Force
d) Valance