Axial
SkeletonScapula
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Supplied by...
- occipital protuber
- med sup nuchal line
- ligamentum nuchae
- SP C1-T12
- post. lat. 1/3 clavicle
- sup spine scapula
- acromion
Spinal Accessory (XI)
Sup- elevates scapula
Middle- retracts scapula
Inf- depresses scapula
Whole- rotates scapula
upward
Transverse cervical a.
Rhomboid Major
- SP of T2-T5
- supraspinous ligament
- medial scapula from
scapular spine to inferior
angle
Dorsal Scapular n.
(C4-5)
Retract Scapula
Rotate Scapula
(downward)
- Deep branch of
transverse cervical a.
- Dorsal Scapular a.
Rhomboid Minor
- SP of C7 &T1
- ligamentum nuchae
- supraspinous ligament
- medial margin of
scapula at medial angle
Dorsal Scapular n.
(C4-5)
Retract Scapula
Rotate Scapula down
Tilt glenoid cavity inferiorly
- Deep branch of
transverse cervical a.
- Dorsal Scapular a.
Levator Scapulae
TVP of C1-C3 or C4
-sup angle of scapula
toward scapular spine
Nerves off cerv plexusventral rami (C3,4)
Elevates Scapula
Rotates scapula down
Tilt glenoid cavity inferiorly
Extends/laterally flex head
Transverse cervical a.
Trapezius
Ventral Rami C3 & C4
Dorsal Scapular n (C5)
Axial
SkeletonHumerus
Serratus Anterior
upper 8 or 9 ribs
costal aspect of medial
margin of scapula
Long thoracic n.
(C5,6,7)
Protracts scapula
Stabilizes against thorax
Assists in upward rotation
Lateral thoracic a.
(upper)
Thoracodorsal a. (lower)
Pectoralis Minor
ribs 2-5, 3-5, or 6
medial coracoid process
Medial Pectoral n.
(C8, T1)
Lateral Pectoral n.
(C5,6,7) via medial
pectoral n.
Depresses and rotates
scapula downward
Stabilizes scapula- holds
against thorax
Lateral thoracic a.
Latissimus Dorsi
- SP T7-L5
- upper 2-3 sacral seg
- iliac crest
- lower 3-4 ribs
- lateral lip of
intertubercular groove
Thorocodorsal n.
(C6,7,8)
Extends,
Adducts,
Medially rotates arm
Raise body toward arm
Thoracodorsal a.
Pectoralis Major
- medial 1/3 clavicle
- ext oblique’s
aponeurosis
- ant aspect of manubrium
+ length of body sternum
- catilaginous attach of
upper 6 ribs
- lateral lip of bicipital
groove to crest of
greater tubercle
clavicular head:
Lateral pectoral n
(C5,6,7)
Adducts,
Flexes,
Medially rotates humerus
Thoracoacromial a.
pectoralis branch
(runs with lat. pec. n)
- clavicular insert more
distally- sternal fibers
more proximally
sternocostal head:
Medial pectoral n.
(C8, T1)
Flexes arm from extension
(clavicular portion)
Extends arm from flexion
(sternocostal portion)
Lateral thoracic a.
(runs w med pectoral n.)
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Supplied by...
Clavicle
Subclavius
rib 1 at jct of bone and
cartilage
lower surface of clavicle
Nerve to the subclavius
(C5,6)
Assists in stabilizing
clavicle (+depress)
Thoracoacromial a.
clavicular branch
Rotator
Cuff mm.
Teres Minor
- middle half of lateral
margin of scapula
lowest of 3 facets of
greater tubercle
Axillary n. (C5.6)
Lateral rotation humerus
Stabilizes genohumeral jt
Scapular circumflex a.
Supraspinatus
- supraspinatus fossa
- muscle fascia
uppermost 3 facets of the
greater tubercle of
humerus
Suprascapular n. (C5,6)
Adduction of arm
(first 15-20*)
Stabilizes glenohumeral jt
Suprascapular a.
(poorly suppled)
Infraspinatus
- infraspinatus fossa
- muscle fascia
middle facet of greater
tubercle of humerus
Suprascapular n. (C5,6)
External rotation humerus
Stabilizes glenohumeral jt
Suprascapular a.
Scapular circumflex a.
Subscapularis
subscapular fossa
lesser tubercle of
humerus
Upper and lower
Subscapular n. (C5,6)
Medial rotation humerus
Stabilizes glenohumeral jt
Subscapular a.
branches
Deltoid
- anterior - lateral, ant 1/3
distal clavicle
- middle - lat border of
acromion
- Posterior - scapular
spine
deltoid tuberosity
Axillary n. (C5.6)
Abducts arm
Ant portion: flexion and
medial rotation
Post portion: extension and
lateral rotation
Posterior humeral
circumflex a.
Thoracoacromial a.
(deltoid branch)
Teres Major
-inferior, lateral margin of
scapula
crest of lesser tubercle
(medial to latissimus
dorsi insertion)
Lower subscapular n.
(C5,6)
Assists in adduction arm
Assists in medial rotation
Assists in extension arm
Thoracodorsal a.
Coracobrachialis
coracoid process
anterior middle shaft of
humerus
Musculocutaneous n.
(C5,6,7)
Flexes the humerus
Assists adduction of arm
Brachial a.
(muscular branches)
Biceps Brachii
Long head: supraglenoid
tubercle
Short head: tip of coracoid
- radial tuberosity
- bicipital aponeurosis
Musculocutaneous n.
(C5,6)
Flexes forearm
Supinates
Stabilizes ant. shoulder
Flexes shoulder
Brachial a.
(muscular branches)
Brachialis
- anterior side of distal
humerus
- both intermuscular septa
-ulnar tuberosity
Musculocutaneous n.
(C5,6)
Elbow flexion
Brachial a.
(muscular branches)
Radial recurrent a.
Otherthese 6 m.
dont touch
head or
vert col.
Arm:
anterior
Arm:
posterior
Forearm:
anterior
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Supplied by...
Triceps Brachii
Long head: infraglenoid
tubercle
Lateral head: upper 1/2 of
post shaft of humerus
Med head: post. humerus
- posterior olecranon
process of ulna
- deep fascia of forearm
Radial n. (C6.7)
- Long: extends arm,
adducts and some flex
- Lateral: extend forearm
- Medial: extends forearm
- stabilize genohumeral jt
Brachial a.
(muscular branches)
Superior ulnar collateral
a
Profunda brachii a.
Anconeus
- post.surface of lateral
epicondyle of humerus
lateral aspect olecranon
Radial n. (C6.7)
Extend forearm
Support elbow in extension
Middle collateral a. from
profunda brachii a.
Pronator Teres
- humeral head: CFT
- ulnar head: coracoid
- antebrachial fascia
lateral aspect of radius in
middle of shaft
Median n. (C6,7)
Pronates forearm
Weakly flexes elbow
Ulnar a. and Radial a.
(muscular branches)
Flexor Carpi Radialis
- CFT (medial epicondyle)
- antebrachial fascia
base of 2nd metacarpal
Median n. (C6,7)
Flexes hand
Radially deviates at wrist
Assist in pronate forearm
Radial a.
(muscular branches)
Palmaris Longus
- CFT
- antebrachial fascia
central flexor retinaculum
sup. palmar aponeurosis
Median n. (C6,7)
Flexes hand at the wrist
Ulnar a.
(muscular branches)
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
- humeral head: CFT
- ulnar head: olecranon,
antebrachial fascia, prox.
dorsal ulnar shaft
humeral head: pisiform
and hamate bones
ulnar head: base of 5th
metacarpal
Ulnar n. (C8,T1)
Flexes hand at the wrist
Ulnarly deviates wrist
Stabilizes wrist to permit
thumb motion
Ulnar a.
(muscular branches)
Flexor Digitorum
Superficialis
- humeral head: CFT,
coracoid, medial collateral
lig, antebrachial facia
- radial: anterior radius
both sides of base of
each middle phalanx of 4
fingers
Median n. (C7,8,T1)
Flexes proximal and middle
phalanges
Flexes the wrist if fingers
are extended
Ulnar a. and Radial a.
(muscular branches)
Flexor Digitorum
Profundus
- anterior and medial
surface of upper 3/4 ulna
- adjacent interosseous
membrane
distal phalanx of medial 4
digits
(through FDS tunnel)
Medial portion: Ulnar n.
(C8,T1)
Lateral portion: anterior
interosseous of median
Flexes the distal IP jts and
in doing so flexes the
proximal and middle IP jts
Flexes wrist if fingers ext
Ulnar a. and Radial a.
(muscular branches)
Anterior interosseous a.
(from ulnar a.)
Flexor Pollicis Longus
- anterior radius
- interosseous membrane
palmar aspect of base of
distal phalanx of thumb
(deep to flex retinaculum
Anterior interosseous
branch of median n.
(C8,T1)
Flexes distal phalanx of
thumb (IP joint)
Flexes other jts to wrist
Radial a.
(muscular branches)
Anterior interosseous a.
Pronator Quadratus
distal 1/4 anteriomedial
surface of ulna
distal 1/4 anteriolateral
surface of radius
Anterior interosseous
branch of median n.
(C8,T1)
Pronates the forearm and
hand
Anterior interosseous a.
Radial a.
(muscular branches)
Forearm:
posterior
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Supplied by...
Brachioradialis
- upper lat supracondylar
ridge of humerus
- lateral intermuscular
septum of humerus
- sup styloid process
radius
- lat side of distal radius
- antebrachial fascia
Radial n. (C6.7)
OR
Deep branch of radial n
Flexes forearm
Pronates forearm
Supinates forearm
Radial recurrent a.
Extensor Carpi
Radialis Longus
- lower lateral
supracondylar ridge
- lat. intermuscular septum
of humerus
base of 2nd metacarpal
Radial n. (C6.7)
OR
Deep branch of radial n
Extends hand
Radially deviates hand
Weakly flexes and
supinates forearm
Radial recurrent a.
Extensor Carpi
Radialis Brevis
- lateral epicondyle (CET)
- radial collateral ligament
- antebrachial fascia
base of 3rd metacarpal
Radial n. (C6.7)
(deep branch)
Extends hand
Radially deviates hand
Radial recurrent a.
Extensor Digitorum
- lateral epicondyle (CET)
- antebrachial fascia
- base of middle phalanx
of each of 4 fingers
- base of distal phalanx
of each of 4 fingers
Posterior interosseous
n. (of radial n.)
(C6,7,8)
Extends 4 medial digits
Extends wrist
Abducts digits (spread)
Posterior interosseous a.
Extensor Digit Minimi
- lateral epicondyle (CET)
- antebrachial fascia
- ulnar aspect of ext dig
- base of middle phalanx
of 5th digit
- base of distal phalanx
of the 5th digit
Posterior interosseous
n. (of radial n.)
(C6,7,8)
Extends 5th digit
Abducts 5th digit
Posterior interosseous a.
Extensor Carpi
Ulnaris
- 1st head: lateral
epicondyle (CFT)
- 2nd head: post. ulna
- antebrachial fascia
medial side of base of
5th metacarpal
Posterior interosseous
n. (of radial n.)
(C6,7,8)
Extends hand
Ulnarly deviates hand
Posterior interosseous a.
Supinator
- lateral epicondyle hum.
- supinator crest of ulna
- radial collateral ligament
- annular ligament
- antebrachial fascia
prox. portion of
anteriolateral surface of
radius
Radial n. (C6.7)
(deep branch)
Supinates forearm
Radial recurrent a.
Abductor Pollicis
Longus
- posterior ulna and radius
- interosseous membrane
- antebrachial fascia
lateral aspect of base of
1st metacarpal
Posterior interosseous
n. (of radial n.)
(C6,7,8)
Abducts 1st metacarpal
Assists to extend / rotate
thumb
Radially deviate the hand
Flexes hand
Posterior interosseous a.
Hand
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Supplied by...
Extensor Pollicis
Brevis
- posterior radius
- interosseous membrane
- antebrachial fascia
base of proximal phalanx
of thumb
Posterior interosseous
n. (of radial n.)
(C6,7,8)
Extend the proximal
phalanx and 1st
metacarpal of thumb
Radially deviates
Posterior interosseous a.
Extensor Pollicis
Longus
- posterior surface of ulna
- interosseous membrane
- antebrachial fascia
distal proximal phalanx of
thumb
Posterior interosseous
n. (of radial n.)
(C6,7,8)
Extends distal phalanx,
Extends proximal phalanx
of thumb
Assists to extend wrist
Posterior interosseous a.
Extensor Indicis
- posterior surface of ulna
- interosseous membrane
- antebrachial fascia
base of middle and distal
phalanx of index finger
Posterior interosseous
n. (of radial n.)
(C6,7,8)
Extends 2nd digit
Adducts 2nd digit
Assists to extend hand
Stabilizes metacarpal jt. for
flexion of IP solely
Posterior interosseous a.
Abductor Pollicis
Brevis
- distal border of flexor
retinaculum
- trapezium
- lateral aspect of base of
proximal phalanx of the
thumb
Median n. (C8,T1)
recurrent branch
Abducts thumb
Helps flex thumb
(at metacarpal joint)
Superficial palmar
branches of radial a.
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
- distal border of flexor
retinaculum
- trapezium
- floor of carpal tunnel
- indirectly to scaphoid
and trapezium
Sup head: recurrent
branch of median n.
Deep head: deep
branch ulnar n. (C8,T1)
Flex thumb
(powerful at metacarpal jt)
Superficial palmar
branches of radial a.
Opponens Pollicis
- distal border of flexor
retinaculum
- trapezium
lateral aspect of 1st
metacarpal
Recurrent branch of
median n. (C8.T1)
Opposes thumb to fingers
Superficial palmar
branches of radial a.
Adductor Pollicis
- transverse head: 3rd
metacarpal
- oblique head: base of
1st, 2nd, and 3rd
metacarpals and floor of
carpal tunnel
- medial aspect of base
of proximal phalanx
- medial sesamoid at
metacarpal
Deep branch of ulnar n.
(C8, T1)
Adducts thumb
Helps flex thumb
(at metacarpal joint)
Superficial palmar
branches of radial a.
Palmaris Brevis
medial margin of palmar
aponeurosis
- skin of ulnar border of
palm
Superficial branch of
ulnar n. (C8, T1)
Tense skin on ulnar side
(used in grip)
Superficial palmar
branches of ulnar a.
Abductor Digiti Minimi
- pisiform
- tendon of flexor carpi
ulnaris
- medial aspect of base
proximal phalanx of 5
digit
Deep branch of ulnar n.
(C8, T1)
Abducts 5th digit
Helps flex 5th digit
Deep palmar branches of
ulnar a.
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action
Supplied by...
Flexor Digiti Minimi
Brevis
- distal border of flexor
retinaculum
- hook of hamate
medial aspect of base of
proximal phalanx
Deep branch of ulnar n.
(C8, T1)
Flexes 5th digit
(at metacarpal joint)
Deep palmar branches of
ulnar a.
Opponens Digiti
Minimi
- distal border of flexor
retinaculum
- hook of hamate
- medial aspect of 5th
metacarpal
Deep branch of ulnar n.
(C8, T1)
Opposes the 5th digit with
thumb
Assists to “cup” the palm
Deep palmar branches of
ulnar a.
Palmar Interossei
- from side of metacarpal
that faces the midline
- base of prox phalanx of
digit of origin
- ext hood of same digit
Deep branch of ulnar n.
(C8, T1)
Adducts fingers (PAD)
Flexes the fingers
(at McP while IP jts ext)
Palmar metacarpal a. of
deep palmar arch
Dorsal Interossei
- btw each metacarpal
- directly distal to origin
on base of prox phalanx
closest to midline
- ext hood of same digit
Deep branch of ulnar n.
(C8, T1)
Abducts the fingers (DAB)
Flexes the fingers
(at McP while IP its ext)
Palmar metacarpal a. of
deep palmar arch
Lumbricals
- tendon of flex digit
profundus
- 1&2 have a single head
of origin (radial aspect)
- 3&4 have two heads of
origin (each from an
adjacent tendon
- extensor hood of digits
2-5
1&2 median n. (C8, T1)
3&4 deep branch of
ulnar n. (C8, T1)
Flexes the fingers
(at McP joints)
Extend IPs
Palmar metacarpal a. of
deep palmar arch