Unit 2- Chapter 3 Study Guide, page 1

1. Define the three ways of organizing a nation.
1.
2.
3.
2. In what ways does federalism decentralize politics and policies?
3. List the three items that are considered the supreme law of the land.
1.
2.
3.
4. What is the significance of the Tenth Amendment?
5. Explain the difference between enumerated powers and implied powers.
6. Describe the three general obligations that each state has to every other state under the
Constitution.
1.
2.
3.
Unit 2- Chapter 3 Study Guide, page 2

7. How is dual federalism analogous to a layer cake and how is cooperative federalism analogous to a marble cake?
8. Explain the three general standard operating procedures of cooperative federalism.
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2.
3.
9
. What is meant by “cross-over sanctions” and “cross-cutting requirements?”
Cross-over Sanctions:
Cross-cutting Sanctions:
10. Explain the two types of categorical grants.
1.
2.
11. What is the difference between block grants and revenue sharing?
Unit 2- Chapter 3 Study Guide, page 3

12. For what reasons might a state or locality not want to receive federal aid?
13. List four advantages of federalism for democracy.
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2.
3.
4.
14. List four disadvantages of federalism for democracy.
1.
2.
3.
4.
15. How did industrialization increase the role of the national government?
16 . Why don’t the states handle more issues?
Unit 2- Chapter 3 Study Guide, page 4

KEY TERMS
1. federalism
2. unitary governments
3. confederation governments
4. intergovernmental relations
5. supremacy clause
6. Tenth Amendment
7. McCulloch v. Maryland
8. enumerated powers
9. implied powers
Unit 2- Chapter 3 Study Guide, page 5

10. inherent powers
11. elastic clause
12. Gibbons v. Ogden
13. full faith and credit
14. extradition
15. privileges and immunities
16. dual federalism
17. cooperative federalism
18. fiscal federalism
19. picket fence federalism
Unit 2- Chapter 3 Study Guide, page 6

20. categorical grants
21. project grants
22. formula grants
23. block grants
Unit 2- Chapter 3 Study Guide, page 7