CELLULAR INFORMATION REVIEW SHEET
Name:______________________________
Fill in the Blank: Write the correct word(s) in the space(s) provided.
Date:_________________ Period:_______
DNA
1. Double stranded nucleic acid that contains genetic information about an organism is called -?-
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
2. DNA stands for -?-
Nucleus
3. In the cells of higher organisms, almost all of the DNA is found in the -?-
Chromatin
4. DNA exists normally in a long stringy form called -?-
Helix
5. DNA’s shape is called a double -?-
Ladder
6. A strand of DNA resembles a twisted -?-
Nucleotides
7. DNA is made up of smaller subunits called -?-
Name the three parts of a nucleotide:
Phosphate
8.
Sugar
9.
Nitrogen Base
10.
The sides or rails of a DNA molecule are made up of -?- and -?Phosphates
11.
Deoxyribose Sugars
12.
Nitrogen Bases
13. The “rungs” of a DNA strand are made up of four -?-
Name the four nitrogen bases for DNA:
Adenine
14.
Thymine
15.
Cytosine
16.
Guanine
17.
Thymine
18. In DNA, the nitrogen base adenine only pairs up with the nitrogen base -?-
Cytosine
19. In DNA, the nitrogen base guanine only pairs up with the nitrogen base -?-
Hydrogen
20. The complimentary nitrogen base pairs are held together by weak -?- bonds.
ATCG
21. The four letters of the genetic code alphabet that represent the nitrogen bases of a DNA molecule are -?-
TAACGGAGTCTT
22. What would be the complimentary code to a DNA molecule with a side that has a string of nitrogen bases in
the following order: ATTGCCTCAGAA
23. DNA -?- is when DNA copies itself before the cell reproduces/divides.
Replication
Unzips
Nucleotides
24. During DNA replication, the DNA strand breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the nitrogen bases together and
-?- right down the middle.
25. After the DNA unzips, new -?- match up and lock onto the two open sides of the molecule.
Identical
26. DNA replication results in two new -?- strands of DNA.
Genes
27. Regions/sections of a DNA molecule that are the units of heredity are called -?-
Proteins
28. Each gene holds the coded instructions for making a different -?-
Amino Acids
29. Proteins are made up of long chains of -?-
Codons
30. The “words” that genes use to code for specific proteins are called -?-
Three (3)
31. How many nucleotides/nitrogen bases make up a codon?
RNA
32. A single stranded nucleic acid used to carry gene (DNA) instructions out into the cell is called -?-
Ribonucleic Acid
37. RNA stands for -?-
Three ways RNA differs from DNA: RNA is a -?- strand, uses the nitrogen base -?- and -?- sugar.
Single
33.
Uracil
34.
Ribose
35.
AUCG
36. The four letters of the genetic code alphabet that represent the nitrogen bases of an RNA molecule are -?-
Name the three types of RNA and give their nicknames in parentheses:
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
37.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
38.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
39.
Transcription
40. The process whereby RNA is made from DNA in a cell’s nucleus is called -?-
UAA CGG AGU CUU
Proteins
41. What would be the code to an RNA molecule that has been transcribed from a section of a DNA molecule with
the following code: ATTGCCTCAGAA?
42. What type of RNA carries copies of the gene (DNA) instructions out of the nucleus and into the cell’s
cytoplasm?
43. Messenger RNA are genetic instructions for building specific -?- out in the cytoplasm.
Amino Acids
44. Proteins are made by attaching -?- in a certain order according to the gene’s (DNA) instructions.
Transfer RNA
45. What type of RNA picks up specific amino acids out in the cytoplasm?
Ribosome
46. Messenger RNA carries the protein-making instructions out of the nucleus to a -?- in the cytoplasm.
Amino Acids
47. Transfer RNA pick up -?- and bring them to the ribosome.
Ribosomal RNA
48. What type of RNA are ribosomes built out of?
Translation
49. The decoding of messenger RNA’s genetic instructions is called -?-
Synthesis
50. The process whereby protein is built/assembled is called protein -?-
Cytoplasm/Ribosome
51.Protein synthesis occurs out in the -?- on the surface of a -?-
Messenger RNA
Proteins are used for -?- cell parts, -?- damage, fighting diseases as -?-, and regulating the rate of chemical reactions as -?Building
52.
Repairing
53.
Antibodies
54.
Enzymes
55.
Mutation
56. Any natural change in the DNA sequence that affects genetic information is called a -?-
Genetic Engineering
57. The artificial change/modification of the DNA sequence by scientists is called -?-
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Study and know the structure of DNA and RNA molecules
Study and know the structure of DNA and RNA nucleotides
Study and know the diagrams of DNA replication, RNA transcription, and protein synthesis