Biology Reading Notes Outline
Chapter 25: Introduction to Animals
Chapter 26: Animal Evolution and Diversity
Diversity of Life: Pages DOL 1-64
Name:______________________________
Period: _________ Date: ____________
Read Chapters 25 (all sections) and 26, Section 1. As you do so, take notes on the following
topics on a separate piece of notebook paper. You will have to study these for tests, so do not
just “answer” the topic questions below- write out the info in an outline format that contains the
detail needed to understand what the topic is and what it means. Leave space between each topic
so you can add to the notes during in-class lectures.
In addition, become familiar with pages DOL 1-64
Ch. 25.1- What is an Animal?
1. List characteristics of all animals.
2. What are invertebrates? Describe their characteristics.
3. What are chordates? Describe their characteristics.
a. What is a distinguishing characteristic of a vertebrate?
4. What essential functions must animals perform to survive?
5. How does feedback inhibition contribute to maintaining homeostasis?
.
Ch. 25.2- Animal Body Plans and Evolution
1. What are some features of animal body plans?
2. Explain body symmetry and describe the two types of symmetry.
3. What are germ layers? List each type and describe characteristics.
4. What does it mean for an animal to have a body cavity?
5. Draw examples and list characteristics of the three different body cavities.
6. List characteristics of, and differences between, protostomes and deuterostomes.
7. What is segmentation and what types of animals exhibit this characteristic?
8. Define cephalization. What types of animals exhibit this characteristic?
9. What types of animals typically have external appendages?
10. Review the Body Plans chart on Page 741 and be familiar with characteristics of the
invertebrates and chordates in the chart.
11. How are animal phyla typically classified? Give an example.
12. Review figure 25-11. Summarize what the cladogram illustrates.
Ch. 26.1- Invertebrate Evolution and Diversity
1. Review the cladogram of Nonchordate Invertebrates on page 754. What does it illustrate?
2. See the chart on pages 754-755. List each invertebrate, specific phylum and descriptions.
(Your invertebrate lab will be of great assistance with this task)
3. (Ch. 26.2 and DOL60)- What are key characteristics of animals belonging to the class
Mammalia?)
The Diversity of Life- Pages DOL 1-64
This resource, located at the back of the book, will be extremely useful to you throughout this unit, not
only for studying for your test, but in learning about the incredible diversity of life on Earth.