College of Southern Maryland
PHY-2310-50956 – Thermodynamics
SYLLABUS – FALL 2006
INSTRUCTOR: Neal Wilsey, Ph. D.
OFFICE: Room 208, Bldg. B, Leonardtown Campus
TELEPHONE: Office, Voice Mail: (240) 725-5463 Direct Dial
(301) 934-1860 Ext. 5463 Charles County
(301) 870-2309 Ext. 5463 DC area
EMAIL: nealw@csmd.edu
WEB SITE: http://www.itc.csmd.edu/mth/nealw
OFFICE HOURS:
Monday: 3:00 - 5:00
Tuesday: by appointment
Wednesday: 3:30 - 5:00
Thursday: 2:00 - 3:00 and 5:30 - 6:00.
Friday: by appointment
COURSE DESCRIPTION: The principles of thermodynamics are introduced and their
applications are demonstrated. In particular, the zeroth, first, and second laws of
thermodynamics are examined and applied to cycles, reactions, and mixtures. The basic
laws and thermal properties are used to perform thermal cycle analyses on idealized
cycles related to power plants, heat pumps, refrigeration systems, gas turbines, and piston
engines.
COURSE MOTIVATION: This course is an introduction to the concept of energy as
used by engineers. It provides the basic tools necessary for the analysis of any
engineering system in which energy transfer or energy transformations occur; thus,
thermodynamics is an important part of the training of almost all engineering disciplines.
PREREQUISITES: PHY 2200
CREDIT HOURS: 3
CLASS SESSIONS: Th 3:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m.
TEXT:
Thermodynamics an Engineering Approach by Çengal and Boles, 5th
edition, McGraw Hill, Publisher; (Required)
Student Resources DVD, McGraw Hill packaged with the above text includes
Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software that will be used to solve assigned
problems. (Required)
Properties Table Booklet (ISBN 0-07-28897-5) (Required)
If you purchased your text in the CSM Bookstore, the booklet was included in the
package.
CALCULATOR:
Scientific Calculator (Required) A graphing calculator is
recommended.
WEB HYBRID: This section is a blended course. Most course information is delivered
via WebCT. However, the class meets two hours each week to go over course materials
and perform lab activities. Assignments, homework solutions, and quizzes will be given
online and the student has available all of the WebCT features. Nearly all of the text
publisher’s online offerings are also available via the WebCT site. Students are expected
to log into the course web site daily to check for postings and calendar updates. WebCT
can be accessed via “MyWebCT” from the CSM web site.
COURSE OBJECTIVES: Students will be asked to demonstrate their knowledge of the
material covered in this first thermodynamics course through their mastery of the
following course objectives. Through the study of this material the student will be able
to:
1. Determine properties of real substances, such as steam and refrigerant 134-a, and
ideal gases from either tabular data or equations of state.
 Use absolute, gage, and vacuum pressures correctly.
 Calculate gage and vacuum pressures using the manometer equation.
 Use absolute and Celsius temperatures correctly.
 Determine property data using the steam and R-134a tables.
 Sketch P-v, T-v, and P-T plots for steam, R-134a, and ideal gases.
 Locate data states on P-v, T-v, and P-T plots for steam, R-134a, and ideal gases.
 Determine the condition of a data state as a compressed, saturated, or superheated
state and determine the thermodynamic properties at that state by using property
tables.
 Demonstrate the use of quality in finding properties of two-phase substances.
 Apply the concept of the generalized compressibility factor to demonstrate when
the ideal gas equation may be used to determine the state of a gas.
 Apply the ideal gas equation to solve problems involving pressure, temperature,
and volume of ideal gases.
 Determine changes in internal energy and enthalpy for ideal gases.
 Determine mass flow rate from its definition and relation to volume flow rate.
2. Analyze processes involving ideal gases and real substances as working fluids in both
closed systems and open systems or control volumes to determine process diagrams,
apply the first law of thermodynamics to perform energy balances, and determine
heat and work transfers.
 Determine the pressure-volume relation for processes and plot the processes on Pv and diagrams.
 Calculate the boundary work for a variety of processes for closed systems.
 Apply the first law to closed systems containing ideal gases, steam, or R-134a to
determine heat transfer, work, or property changes during processes.

Apply the first law to steady-flow open systems containing ideal gases, steam, and
refrigerant-134a to determine heat transfer, work, and property changes during
processes.
3. Analyze closed systems and control volumes through the application of the second
law.
 Determine the efficiency of heat engines and compare with the Carnot heat engine
efficiency.
 Determine the coefficient of performance of refrigerators and heat pumps and
compare with refrigerators and heat pumps operating on the reversed Carnot
cycle.
 Determine entropy changes for both ideal gases and real substances.
 Determine the properties of a working fluid at the end of an isentropic process.
 Plot processes on both P-v and T-s diagrams.
 Apply both the first and second laws to determine heat transfer, work, and
property changes during processes occurring in both closed and open systems.
4. Analyze thermodynamic power, heat pump, and refrigeration cycles; perform
psychrometric analyses.





Analyze ideal gas power cycles to perform energy balances, determine heat and
work transfers, and calculate the cycle efficiency;
Analyze steam power cycles to perform energy balances, determine heat and work
transfers, and calculate the cycle efficiency;
Analyze vapor compression refrigeration cycles to perform energy balances,
determine heat and work transfers, and calculate the cycle coefficient of
performance;
Calculate properties of ideal gas mixtures;
Determine the properties of dry air-water vapor mixtures, plot processes on a
psychrometric chart, and analyze process involving dry air-water vapor mixtures
to perform energy and mass balances for the processes;
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION: Student performance will be measured as follows:
4 unit exams (see attached schedule): 15 % each, 60% total.
Homework: 10% of the total
Group Projects (Labs): 10 % of the total.
6 Quizzes, lowest score dropped – 4% each (20 % of total).
Final grades will be assigned as follows:
90 – 100% A
80 – 89% B
70 – 79% C
60 – 69% D
Below 60% F
HOMEWORK: Homework assignments will be announced in class and published on the
course web site. Selected homework problems will be graded. Students should be
prepared to present homework problems at the following class session.
GROUP PROJECTS: Several virtual laboratory group activities will be assigned.
Students work together as a group to determine how the assignment can be completed by
using the laboratory description and the data file provided. Each student is required to
submit a lab report for grading.
ATTENDANCE POLICY: Students are required to attend each class session. In case of
sickness or other valid cause of absence, students should contact the instructor. Students
auditing the class should also attend regularly to obtain the grade of "audit." Excessive
absences generally lead to poor test performances and, therefore, low grades. Each
student is responsible for all assignments, activities, and announcements made during any
regularly scheduled class.
AUDIT AND WITHDRAWAL POLICY: Students are reminded to consult the College
Catalog for dates, procedures, responsibilities and impacts of changing registration status.
November 16 (Thursday) is the last day to withdraw from a course or change from
AUDIT status to CREDIT status or from CREDIT to AUDIT. Auditing students are
required to sign an agreement with the instructor before November 16. Failure to keep
the terms of the agreement will receive a grade of WD for the course.
MAKEUP EXAM POLICY: Makeup exams will be allowed without penalty for
legitimate reasons if the instructor is notified in advance or if an unavoidable emergency
occurs. All makeup exams will be administered in the Testing Center and will be
scheduled by the instructor.
STUDENT INTEGRITY POLICY: Students are expected to perform independently on
exams and quizzes without the use of unauthorized materials (notes, etc.). Any violations
of the Student Code of Conduct as outlined in the Student Handbook result in a score of
zero for the exam or quiz. The violation will be reported to the Director of Student
Affairs and to the College Judicial Committee for review and possible disciplinary action.
DISABILITIES AND SPECIAL NEEDS: Students with disabilities who believe that
they may need accommodations in this class are encouraged to contact Disabled Student
Services in the Learning Assistance Department at 301.934.7614 as soon as possible to
better ensure that such accommodations are implemented in a timely fashion.
UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS: Unauthorized persons (children, friends, family
members, and any other persons not registered for the course) are not allowed in the
classroom. Details of this college policy can be found in the Student Handbook.
COURSE OUTLINE - PHY 2310 – Fall, 2006
Week
Date
Text Ref.
Topics and Events
8
8/25 – 9/1
Lecture 8/31
1.1-1.3
1.4-1.7
1.8-1.9
1.10-1.13,
2.1
2.2-2.4
Introduction, Definitions, Units, Systems
Properties, State
Processes, Cycles
State postulate, Temperature Pressure, Problem-Solving,
Energy
Heat Transfer, Work
Introduction to the EES software.
2
9/2 – 9/8
Lecture 9/7
2.5
2.6
3.1-3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7-3.8
The First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy Conversion Efficiencies
Pure Substance, Phase-Change
Property Diagrams
Thermodynamic Property Tables
The Ideal-Gas Equation of State
Compressibility Factor, Other Equations of State
3
9/9 – 9/15
Lecture 9/14
1
Review Chapters 1 – 3, Problem Solving
Test #1 – Chapters 1 – 3
9/16 – 9/22
Lecture 9/21
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
Moving Boundary Work
Energy Balance for Closed Systems
Specific Heats
Internal Energy, Enthalpy, Specific Heats for Ideal Gases
Internal Energy, Enthalpy, Specific Heats of Solids and Liquids
5
9/23 – 9/29
Lecture 9/28
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.5
6
9/30 – 10/6
Lecture 10/5
Mass Balance for Control Volumes
Flow Work and the Energy of a Flowing Fluid
Energy Balance for Steady-Flow Systems
Some Steady-Flow Engineering Devices
Nozzles, Diffusers
Turbines, Compressors
Throttling valves, Mixing chambers
Heat exchangers, Pipe and Duct Flow
Unsteady-flow process
Review Chapters 4 – 5, Problem Solving
Test #2 – Chapters 4 – 5
Introduction to the Second law, Thermal Reservoirs
Heat engines
Refrigerators, Heat Pumps, Perpetual-Motion Machines
Reversible & Irreversible Processes, Carnot cycle
Carnot Principles, The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale
Carnot Heat Engine
Carnot Refrigerator and Heat Pump
4
7
10/7 – 10/13
Lecture 10/12
6.1-6.2
6.3
6.4-6.5
6.6-6.7
6.8-6.9
6.10
6.11
8
10/14 – 10/20
Lecture 10/19
7.1
7.2
7.3-7.4
7.5-6.6
7.7-7.8
7.9
7.10-7.11
7.12
7.13
9
10/21 – 10/27
Lecture 10/26
Chs 6 & 7
Review of Chapters 6 and 7;Test 3 for Chapters 6 and 7
10/28 – 11/3
Lecture 11/2
9.1-9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7-9.8
9.11-9.12
Basic Considerations, Carnot cycle, Air standard cycle
Otto Cycle
Diesel Cycle
Stirling, Ericsson, Brayton Cycles
Ideal Jet-Propulsion Cycles, Second-Law Analysis
11
11/4 – 11/10
Lecture 11/9
10.1-10.3
10.4-10.5
10.6
10.7
Carnot and Rankine Vapor Cycles
Parameters Affecting Efficiency, Reheat Cycle
Regenerative Rankine Cycle
Second-Law Analysis of Vapor Power Cycles
12
11/11 – 11/17
Lecture 11/16
13
11/18 – 11/21
Thanksgiving
Break
11/22 – 11/26
No Lecture
Chs 9 &
10
11.1-11.2
11.3
11.4
13.1
13.2
13.3
14
11/27 – 12/1
Lecture 11/30
14.1-14.3
14.4
14.5-14.7
Adiabatic Saturation and Wet-Bulb Temperatures
Psychrometric Chart, Air Cond. Processes
Gas Mixtures: Ideal Gases, Gases & Vapors, Psychrometrics
11, 13, 14
Review for Final Exam
11, 13, 14
Final Exam
10
15
16
12/2 – 12/8
Lecture 12/7
12/8 – 12/14
Test #4
12/14
Entropy
The Increase of Entropy Principle
Entropy Change of Pure Substance, Isentropic Processes
Property Diagrams Involving Entropy, What Is Entropy
Tds Relations, Entropy Change of Liquids and Solids
Entropy change of Ideal Gases
Reversible Steady-Flow Work, Compressor work
Isentropic Efficiencies of Steady-Flow Devices
Entropy Balance
Review of Chapters 9 and 10;Test 3 for Chapters 9 and 10
Refrigerators & Heat Pumps, Reversed Carnot Cycle
Ideal Refrigeration cycle
Actual Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle
Composition of Gas Mixtures
P-v-T Behavior of Gas Mixtures
Properties of Gas Mixtures