James Wade
School of Business
Rutgers University
316 MEC, 353-1066
jwade@rbsmail.rutgers.edu
Note: This syllabus is subject to change.
620:558:01, PhD Seminar, Fall 2005
SEMINAR in Strategic Management
Tuesdays 10 am –12:50 pm, ENG 213
Reader: Resources for research Success is available at
Affordable Copies Center 49 Halsey street Between New and Bleeker
COURSE DESCRIPTION
This PhD seminar has two objectives: (1) survey the major theoretical perspectives and issues
studied in strategic management (or strategy) research, and (2) provide an interdisciplinary
perspective on contemporary issues in strategic management.
NB: This is not an applied strategic management course but instead surveys the relevant
theoretical and empirical strategic management literature with the aim of preparing you to publish
in top academic management journals such as Administrative Science Quarterly, Academy of
Management Journal and Academy of Management Review, and Strategic Management Journal.
Broadly speaking, research in strategy focuses (primarily) on the conduct and performance of
firms. An illustrative list of the issues addressed in strategy research includes identifying the
profit potential of industries, exploring relationships between firm scale, scope and performance,
linking industry evolution and firm performance, and understanding the managerial and
organizational determinants of firm, and business-level outcomes.
The course draws upon theoretical perspectives from economics, sociology, psychology, finance,
and organization theory to supplement more traditional strategy approaches towards
understanding firm performance and related issues. Many of the issues examined, for instance
vertical integration, firm diversification, industry structure, organizational and interorganizational networks, are also common themes in other disciplines such as industrial
organization economics, accounting, finance, marketing, and organizational and economic
sociology. Accordingly, this course may be useful to PhD students with research interests in
these areas.
While sessions may differ somewhat in their execution, each session will generally follow the
organization of an empirical journal article -- theory, methods, results, and discussion. You will
start the session by noting the theoretical questions that are raised and the theories that are
brought to bear on them. Next, the methods of testing and the findings from the studies will be
summarized such that you will be able to state "what you have learned from this body of
research." Finally, we will conclude each session by outlining new research questions that are
raised by the research -- you will be able to define extensions of the research, unanswered
questions, and avenues for future research.
An important part of this course will be your socialization into the journal review process.
Strategic management is consummately concerned with performance, and "publish or perish" is a
very relevant performance criteria for aspiring academics. Therefore, about two-thirds of the way
through the semester, your research paper for this class will be submitted to the Journal of
Interdisciplinary Strategic Management Research for double-blind peer review. Coincidently,
you are also a reviewer for this same hallowed journal.
Course Requirements:
Class Preparation and Participation (40% of grade) - Each participant is required to come
prepared to class. Since class discussion is an integral part of the course, absences and lack of
preparedness are unacceptable. Preparation will always involve reading the weekly assignments.
In addition, each article will be assigned to a discussion leader, who will prepare a short
(preferably a single page) written synopsis / critique of the article. While I will provide sometime
provide some lecture materials during class, most of the course will involve engaging in
discussions about seminar topics. The assigned readings for the last sessions will be determined
and presented by the students. You are responsible for downloading the reading assignments
from our web-library resources and I will post inaccessible articles to our class web site or pass
copies out in class the week before for students to copy. Beyond these readings, you will need to
purchase and read one book which should be part of your strategy library anyway (for session
#8):
Weick, K. 1995. Sensemaking in organizations. Sage. ISBN 0-8039-7177-X Paperback. You can
purchase it on your own or several copies will be available at New Jersey Books.
Individual Term Paper (50% of grade) - Participants will also write a research paper that relates a
topic(s) covered in class to their own research interests. The final product will include an
extensive literature review of your research topic, develop logical and intriquing hypotheses, and
suggest directions for future research. The term paper should follow the following logical steps:
(1) define a research question, (2) review and critique the extant literature, (3) develop a few
testable hypotheses, (4) propose a data source and methods for testing the proposed hypotheses,
and (5) discuss the implications and extensions of your research.
Each paper should be written in the form of the front end or an empirical journal article (like
SMJ, AMJ, AMR, or ASQ), and will undergo a “journal review process.” Papers spanning
strategy and other disciplines such as accounting, finance, marketing, organization theory,
economics, sociology, or other disciplines are also acceptable -- subject to a prior approval of the
subject matter by the instructor. In our last session participants will present their research paper
to others in the class. The presentation will follow the format of an Academy of Management
presentation and will be about 15-20 minutes in length. Your final grade will reflect your
presentation, revised paper (in response to reviewers), and your written responses to the reviewers
of the Journal of Interdisciplinary Strategic Management Research.
Review (10% of grade): As a member of the review board for the Journal of Interdisciplinary
Strategic Management Research, you are responsible for providing a quality review of two
journal articles submitted to the blind review process. Keep your reviews to two, single-spaced
pages and your responses to six single-spaced pages.
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NOTE: You are responsible, collectively, for obtaining the readings for this class. I suggest
you split up the task among the members of the class and attempt to compile reading
packets two weeks prior to each session. As confirmation of this effort, please place a copy
of the week’s reading packet in my 3rd floor box one week prior to our next class (no need
to include the web-based readings for which I have supplied the link). This group effort will
also allow me to track down articles that apparently are not retreiveable online.
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COURSE CALENDAR
SESSION
1 – 9/6
2 – 9/13
3 – 9/20
4 – 9/27
5 – 10/4
6 – 10/11
7 – 10/18
8 – 10/25
9 – 11/1
10 – 11/8
DUE
11– 11/15
Your JISM
submission*
12 – 11/29
13 – 12/6
CONTENT
Opening comments
Introduction and overview – What is strategy
I/O Economics View of Strategy
Conceptualizing and Operationalizing Strategy
The Resource Based View of Strategy
Schumpeterian/Dynamic View of Strategy
Learning and Knowledge-Based View of Strategy
Sociocognitive View of Strategy
Ecological Perspectives on Strategy
Corporate Level Strategy: Product-Market
Diversification and International Strategy
Top Executives and the Upper-Echelons Perspective
Corporate Governance and Agency Theory
Strategic Process: Goals and Decision Making
Your
reviews*
14 – 12/13
12/16 (or earlier if you
prefer)
Student Presentations and Closing Discussion
Your final
paper and
reviewer
responses*
*Incompletes will not be accepted and will negatively affect your grade.
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READING LIST
1. Syllabus & Skim Research Tool-kit Binder
2. Introduction and Overview – What is Strategy
Evered, R., 1980. “Review of Schendel and Hofer.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 536-543.
Barney, Jay B. 1986. Types of Competition and the Theory of Strategy: Toward an Integrative
Framework. Academy of Management Review. 11(4): 791-800.
Montgomery, Cynthia A., Wernerfelt, Birger, & Balakrishnan, Srinivasan. 1989. Strategy Content
and the Research Process: A Critique and Commentary. Strategic Management Journal. 10(2):
189-197.
Seth, Anju & Zinkhan, George. 1991. Strategy and the Research Process: A Comment. Strategic
Management Journal. 12(1): 75-82.
Montgomery, Cynthia A., Wernerfelt, Birger, & Balakrishnan, Srinivasan. 1991. Strategy and the
Research Process: A Reply. Strategic Management Journal. 12(1): 83-86.
Bettis, Richard A. 1991. “Strategic Management and the Straightjacket: An editorial essay”
Organization Science. 2:315-319.
Rumelt, Richard P., Schendel, Dan, & Teece, David J. 1991. Strategic Management and
Economics. Strategic Management Journal. 12 (Winter Special Issue): 5-29.
Carroll, Glenn R. “1993. A Sociological Perspective on Why Firm’s Differ” Strategic
Management Journal, 4:237-249.
Barnett William P. and Burgelman Robert A. 1996. “Evolutionary Perspectives on Strategy,”
Strategic Management Journal, 17: 5-19.
Hoskisson, R., Hitt, M., Wan, W., & Yiu, D., 1999. “Theory and research in strategic
management: Swings of a pendulum.” Journal of Management, 417-456.
Hambrick, D.C. & Fredrickson. 2001. Are you sure you have a strategy? Academy of
Management Executive, 15: 4: 48-59.
Hambrick, D.C., 2004. “The disintegration of strategic management: It’s time to consolidate our
gains.” Strategic Organization
Hitt, M., B. Boyd, & D. Li. In Press. The state of strategic management research and a vision of
the future. Forthcoming in D. Ketchen and D. Bergh (2004) Research Methodology in Strategy
and Management, Volume 1. Holland: Elsevier Press.
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3. Industrial/Organization and Information Economics View of Strategy
Mahoney, J. 2004. Economic Foundations of Strategy. Sage Publications. 330 Pages (large font
)
Stigler, George J. 1964. A Theory of Oligopoly. Journal of Political Economy. 72(1): 44-61.
Demsetz, Harold. 1973. Industry Structure, Market Rivalry, and Public Policy. Journal of Law
and Economics. 16(1): 1-9.
Schmalensee, Richard. 1985. Do Markets Differ Much? American Economic Review. 75(3): 341351.
Wernerfelt, Birger & Montgomery, Cynthia A. 1986. What is an Attractive Industry?
Management Science. 32(10): 1223-1230.
Rumelt, Richard P. 1991. How Much Does Industry Matter? Strategic Management Journal. 12:
167-185.
Zajac, Edward J. 1992. Relating Economic and Behavioral Perspectives in Strategy Research. In
Paul Shirvastava, Anne Huff & Jane Dutton (Eds.), Advances in Strategic Management, vol. 8:
69-96. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
4. Conceptualizing and Operationalizing Strategy
Mintzberg, H., 1978. “Patterns in strategy formation.” Management Science, 934-948.
Snow, C.C. and Hambrick, D.C., 1980. “Measuring organizational strategies: Some theoretical
and methodological problems.” Academy of Management Review, 527-538.
Inkpen, A. and Choudhury, N., 1995. “The seeking of strategy where it is not: Towards a theory
of strategy absence.” Strategic Management Journal, 313-323.
Porter, M.E., 1996. “What is strategy?” Harvard Business Review, 61-79.
Siggelkow, N., 2002. “Evolution toward fit.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 125-159.
Boyd, B.K., Gove, S., & Hitt, M.A. (in press a). Construct measurement in strategic management
research: Reality or illusion? Strategic Management Journal, forthcoming.
Boyd, B.K., Gove, S., & Hitt, M.A. (in press b) Consequences of measurement problems in
strategic management research: The case of Amihud and Lev. Strategic Management Journal,
forthcoming.
5. The Resource-Based View of Strategy
Wernerfelt, B., 1984. “A resource-based view of the firm.” Strategic Management Journal, 171180.
6
Dierickx, I. & Cool, K. 1989a. Asset Stock Accumulation and Sustainability of Competitive
Advantage. Management Science. 35(12): 1504-1511. Barney, Jay B. 1989. Asset Stocks and
Sustained Competitive Advantage: A Comment. Management Science. 35(12): 1511-1513 (with
Dierickx & Cool, 1989a). Dierickx, I. & Cool, K. 1989b. Asset Stock Accumulation and
Sustainability of Competitive Advantage: Reply. Management Science. 35(12): 1514 (with
Dierickx & Cool, 1989a).
Barney, J., 1991. “Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage.” Journal of
Management, 99-120.
Peteraf, M.A., 1993. “The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource-based view.”
Strategic Management Journal, 179-192.
Henderson, R. & Cockburn, I., 1994. “Measuring competence? Exploring firm effects in
pharmaceutical research.” Strategic Management Journal, 63-84.
Priem, R. & Butler, J., 2001. “Is the resource-based view a useful perspective for strategic
management research?” Academy of Management Review, 22-40.
Adner, R. & Helfat, C.R., 2003. “Corporate effects and dynamic managerial capabilities.”
Strategic Management Journal, 1011-1025.
6. Schumpeterian/Dynamic View of Strategy
MacMillan, I.C., McCaffrey, M.L. & Van Wijk, G., 1985. “Competitors’ responses to easily
imitated new products – Exploring commercial banking product introductions.” Strategic
Management Journal, 75-86.
D’Aveni, R., 1990. Introduction: Hypercompetition. (1-36). Free Press.
Jacobson, R., 1992. “The ‘Austrian’ school of strategy.” Academy of Management Review, 782807.
Caves, R.E. & Ghemawat, P., 1992. “Identifying mobility barriers.” Strategic Management
Journal, 1-12.
Chen, M-J, Smith, K.F., & Grimm, C.M., 1992. “Action characteristics as predictors of
competitive responses.” Management Science, 439-455.
Ferrier, W.J., Smith, K.G., & Grimm, C.M., 1999. “The role of competitive action in market
share erosion and industry dethronement: A study of industry leaders and challengers.” Academy
of Management Journal, 372-388.
Eisenhardt, Kathleen M. & Martin, J. A. (2000). Dynamic capabilities: What are they? The
Strategic Management Journal. 21(10-11): 1105-1121.
McNamara G, Vaaler PM, Devers C. 2003. Same as it ever was: The search for evidence of
increasing competition. Strategic Management Journal 24(3): 261-278
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Wiggins, R. & T. Ruefli. Forthcoming. Schumpeter’s ghost: Is hypercompetition making the
best of times shorter? Strategic Management Journal.
7. Learning and Knowledge-Based View of Strategy
Lieberman, M., 1984. “The learning curve and pricing in the chemical processing industries.”
Rand Journal of Economics, 213-228.
Fiol, C. & Lyles, M., 1985. “Organizational learning.” Academy of Management Review, 803813.
Cohen, W.M. & Levinthal, D.A., 1990. “Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and
innovation.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 128-152
Grant, R., 1996. “Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm.” Strategic Management
Journal, 109-122.
Hayward, M.L.A., 2002. “When do firms learn from their acquisition experience? Evidence from
1990-1995.” Strategic Management Journal, 21-39.
Benner, M.S. & Tushman, M.L., 2002. “Process management and technological innovation: A
longitudinal study of the photography and paint industries.” Administrative Science Quarterly,
676-706.
Graebner, M. 2004. Momentum and Serendipity: How Acquired Leaders Create Value in the
Integration of Technology-Based Firms, Strategic Management Journal, 751-778.
8. Sociocognitive View of Strategy
Weick, Karl. 1995. Sensemaking in organizations. Sage Publications.
Galbraith, Jay. 1974. Organization design: An information processing view. Interfaces, 4(3): 2836.
Tushman, Michael & D. Nadler. 1978. Information processing as an integrating concept in
organizational design. Academy of Management Review. 3: 613-624.
Porac, Joseph, Howard Thomas, & Charles Badden-Fuller. 1989. Competitive groups as cognitive
communities: The case of Scottish knitwear manufacturers. Journal of Management Studies. 26:
4: 397-416.
Walsh, James P. 1995. Managerial and organizational cognition: Notes from a trip down memory
lane. Organization Science. 6: 3: 280-321.
Carpenter, Mason A. & James D. Westphal. 2001. The impact of director appointments on board
involvement in strategic decision making. Academy of Management Journal. 44: 639-660.
9. Ecological Approaches to Strategy
TBA
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10a Corporate Level Strategy: Product-Market Diversification
Rumelt, R.P., 1974. Strategy, Structure, and Economic Performance. (1-127). Harvard.
Bettis, R.A., 1982. “Performance differences in related and unrelated diversified firms.” Strategic
Management Journal, 299-307.
Rumelt, R.P., 1982. “Diversification strategy and profitability.” Strategic Management Journal,
359-369.
Wernerfelt, B. & Montgomery, C.A., 1988. “Tobin’s q and the importance of focus in firm
performance.” American Economic Review, 246-250.
Ramanujam, Vasudevan & Varadarajan, P., 1989. “Research on corporate diversification: A
synthesis.” Strategic Management Journal, 523-551.
Bowman, E.H. & Helfat, C.E., 2001. “Does corporate strategy matter?” Strategic Management
Journal, 1-24.
T. Ruefli & R. Wiggins. 2003. Industry, Corporate, and Segment Effects and Performance: A
Non-Parametric Approach. Strategic Management Journal Volume 24, Number 9: 861-879
10b. International Strategy
Kobrin, S., 1991. “An empirical analysis of the determinants of global integration.” Strategic
Management Journal, 17-31.
Mitchell, W., Shaver, J.M., & Yeung, B., 1992. “Getting there in a global industry: Impacts on
performance of changing international presence.” Strategic Management Journal, 419-432.
Birkinshaw, J., Morrison, A., & Hulland, A., 1995. “Structural and competitive determinants of a
global integration strategy.” Strategic Management Journal, 637-655.
Dess, G., Gupta, A., Hennart, J., & Hill, C. 1995. Conducting and integrating strategy research at
the
international, corporate, and business levels: Issues and directions. Journal of Management,
21(3): 357-393.
Lohrke, Franz T. & Bruton, Garry D. 1998. Contribution and Gaps in International Strategic
Management Literature. Journal of International Management. 3(1) 25-57.
Gupta, A., & Govindarajan, V., 2000. “Knowledge flows within multinational corporations.”
Strategic Management Journal, 473-496.
Vermeulen, F. & Barkema, H., 2002. “Pace, rhythm, and scope: Process dependence in building
a profitable multinational corporation.” Strategic Management Journal, 637-653.
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11. Top Executives and the Upper-Echelons Perspective – JISM Paper Due
Hambrick, D. & Mason, P., 1984. “Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top
managers.” Academy of Management Review, 193-206.
Eisenhardt, K.M. & Schoonhoven, C.B., 1990. “Organizational growth: Linking founding team,
strategy, environment, and growth among U.S. semiconductor ventures, 1978-1988.”
Administrative Science Quarterly, 504-529.
Finkelstein, S. & Hambrick, D.C., 1990. “Top management team tenure and organizational
outcomes: The moderating role of managerial discretion.” Administrative Science Quarterly,
484-503.
Pettigrew, A., 1992. “On studying managerial elites.” Strategic Management Journal, 163-182.
Hayward, M.L.A. & Hambrick, D.C., 1997 “Explaining the premiums paid for large
acquisitions: Evidence of CEO hubris.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 103-128.
Carpenter, M.A., Sanders, W.G., & Gregersen, H.B., 2001. “Bundling human capital with
organizational context: The impact of international assignment experience on multinational firm
performance and CEO pay.” Academy of Management Journal, 493-512.
Hambrick, D.C., S. Finkelstein, & A. Mooney. In Press. Executive Job Demands: New Insights
for Explaining Strategic Decisions and Leader Behaviors, Academy of Management Review.
Carpenter, M.A., W.G. Sanders, & M.A. Geletkanycz. Forthcoming. The upper echelons
revisited: The antecedents, elements, and consequences of TMT composition. Journal of
Management.
Hambrick, D.C., S. Finkelstein, T. Cho & E. Jackson. Forthcoming. Isomorphism in reverse:
Institutional theory as an explanation for recent increases in intraindustry heterogeneity and
managerial discretion. Research in Organizational Behavior.
12. Corporate Governance and Agency Theory
Jensen, M. & W. Meckling. 1976. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs, and
ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics. 3: 305-360.
Eisenhardt, K. 1989. Agency theory: An assessment and review. Academy of Management
Review. 14: 57-74.
Gomez-Mejia, L. & R. Wiseman. 1997. Reframing executive compensation: An assessment and
outlook. Journal of Management. 23: 291-374.
Dalton, D., C. Daily, A. Ellstrand, & J. Johnson. 1998. Meta-analytic reviews of board
composition, leadership structure, and financial performance.
Zajac, E.J. and Westphal, J.D. 1998. Toward a behavioral theory of the CEO/board relationship:
How research can enhance our understanding of corporate governance practices. In D.C.
Hambrick, D.A. Nadler, & M.L. Tushman (eds.), Navigating Change: How CEOs, Top
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Management Teams, and Boards of Directors Steer Transformation, 256-277. Cambridge:
Harvard Business School Press.
Westphal, J. & J. Fredrickson. 2001. Who directs strategic change? Director experience, the
selection of new CEOs, and change in corporate strategy. Strategic Management Journal. 22:
1113-1137.
Sanders, W.G. & M.A. Carpenter. 2003. Strategic satisficing? A behavioral perspective of strategic
initiative adoption. Academy of Management Journal. 46: 160-179.
Graebner, M. & K. Eisenhardt. Forthcoming. The other side of the story: Seller decision-making
in entrepreneurial acquisitions. Administrative Science Quarterly.
13. Strategic Process: Goals and Decision Making
Fredrickson, J.W. & Mitchell, T.R., 1984. “Strategic decision processes: Comprehensiveness and
performance in an industry with an unstable environment.” Academy of Management Journal,
399-423.
Schweiger, D.M., Sandberg, W.R., & Ragan, J.W., 1986. “Group approaches for improving
strategic decision making: A comparative analysis of dialectical inguiry, devil’s advocacy, and
consensus.” Strategic Management Journal, 51-71.
Bourgeois, L. J., III. & Eisenhardt, Kathleen M. 1988. Strategic Decision Processes in High
Velocity Environments: Four Cases in the Microcomputer Industry. Management Science. 34(7):
816-835.
Fredrickson, J.W. & Iaquinto, A.L., 1989. “Inertia and creeping rationality in strategic decision
processes.” Academy of Management Journal, 516-542.
Barr, P., Stimpert, L., & Huff, A., 1992. “Cognitive change, strategic action, and organizational
renewal.” Strategic Management Journal, 15-36.
Eisenhardt, K. & Zbaracki, M., 1992. “Strategic decision making.” Strategic Management
Journal, 17-37.
Markoczy, L., 2001. “Consensus formation during strategic change.” Strategic Management
Journal, 1013-1031.
14. Student presentations
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STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
References
In addition to the course readings, the following books and articles are listed here to
supplement your readings on the concepts and problems I explore in the course.
Books:
Allison, Graham T. Essence of Decision. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1971.)
Amram, Martha and Nalin Kulatilaka. 1998. Real Options: Managing Strategic Investment in an
Uncertain World. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Andrews, Kenneth R. The Concept of Corporate Strategy. (Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin,
1971.)
Barnard, Chester I. The Functions of the Executive. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
1938.)
Bartlett, Christopher A. and Sumantra Ghoshal. 1998, 2nd edition. Managing Across Borders: The
Transnational Solution. Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press.
Beamish, Paul W. 1998. Strategic Alliances. Cheltenham: Elgar Publishing.
Bennis, W. and B. Nanus. Leaders: The Strategies for Taking Charge, Harper & Row: New
York, l985.
Besanko, David, David Dranove, and Mark Shanley. The Economics of Strategy. New York:
John Wiley, 1995
Block, Zanas and Ian C. MacMillan. 1993. Corporate Venturing. Cambridge: Harvard Business School
Press.
Brandenburger, Adam and Barry Nalebuff. Co-opetition. New York; Doubleday, 1996
Braybrooke, David and Charles E. Lindblom. A Strategy for Decision: Policy Evaluation as a
Social Process. (New York: Free Press, 1970.)
Brown, John Seely and Paul Duguid. 2000. The Social Life of Information. Boston: Harvard Business
School Publishing.
Brown, Shona L. and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Competing on the Edge. (Boston: HBS Press,
1998).
Burgelman, R. and L. Sayles. Inside Corporate Innovation, Free Press: New York, 1986.
12
Caves, Richard. American Industry: Structure, Conduct, Performance. Third Edition.
(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1972.)
Chandler, Alfred D., Jr. Strategy and Structure. (New York: Doubleday, 1966.)
Chandler, Alfred D., Jr. Scale and Scope. Cambridge: Harvard University Press).
Christensen, Clayton M. 1997. Innovator’s Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to
Fail. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Cyert, Richard M. and James G. March. A Behavioral Theory of the Firm. (Englewood Cliffs,
NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1963.)
D’Aveni, Richard A. Hypercompetition: Managing the Dynamics of Strategic Maneuvering.
(New York: Free Press, 1994.)
De Geus, Arie P. 1997. Living Company. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Doz, Yves and Gary Hamel. Alliance Advantage: The Art of Creating Value Through Partnering.
Boston: HBS Press, 1998.)
Drucker, Peter F. Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, and Practices. (New York: Harper and
Row, 1974.)
Evans, Philip and Thomas S. Wurster. 1999. Blown to Bits: How the New Economics of Information
Transforms Strategy. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing.
Fruhan, William E. The Fight for Competitive Advantage. (Boston: Division of Research,
Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, 1972.)
Galbraith, Jay R. and Daniel A. Nathanson. Strategy Implementation: The World of Structure
and Process. (New York: West Publishing Company, 1978.)
Gouillart F.J. and J.N. Kelly. 1995. Transforming the Organization. New York: McGraw Hill.
Hamel, Gary. 2000. Leading the Revolution. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing.
Handy, Charles. 1991. Age of Unreason. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Haspeslagh. Philippe C. and David B. Jemison. Managing Acquisitions: Creating Value Through
Corporate Renewal. (New York: Free Press, 1991.)
Hayes, Robert H. and Steven C. Wheelwright. Restoring Our Competitive Edge: Competing
Through Manufacturing. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1984).
Henderson, Bruce D. Henderson on Corporate Strategy. (Cambridge: Abt Books, 1979.)
Komisar, Randy and Kent L. Lineback. 2000. The Monk and the Riddle: The Education of a Silicon
Valley Entrepreneur. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing.
Kotter, J. The General Managers, Free Press: New York, 1982.
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Leavitt, Harold J. Corporate Pathfinders. (Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin, 1986).
Leonard, Dorothy. 1997. Wellsprings of Knowledge: Building and Sustaining the Sources of Innovation.
Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Markides, Constantinos. 1999. All the Right Moves: A Guide to Crafting Breakthrough Strategy.
Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing.
Miles, Raymond E. and Charles C. Snow. Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process. (New
York: McGraw-Hill, 1978.)
Nelson, Richard and Sidney Winter. 1982. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press.
Nohria, N. and R. Eccles. 1993. Networks and Organizations. (Cambridge: Harvard Business School
Press).
Pfeffer, Jeffrey and Robert I. Sutton. 1999. The Knowing-Doing Gap: How Smart Companies Turn
Knowledge into Action. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing.
Porter, Michael. Competitive Strategy. (New York: Free Press, 1981.)
, Competitive Advantage. (New York: Free Press, l985.)
Prigogine, Ilya. 1997. The End of Certainty: Time, Chaos, and the New Laws of Nature. New York:
The Free Press.
Quinn, James Brian. Strategies for Change: Logical Incrementalism. (Homewood, IL: Richard
D. Irwin, 1980.)
Rappaport, Alfred. 1998, 2nd edition. Creating Shareholder Value: A Guide for Managers and Investors.
New York: Free Press.
Rogers, Everett M. 1995, 4th edition. Diffusion of Innovations. New York: Free Press.
Rothschild, William E. Strategic Alternatives: Selection, Development, and Implementation.
(New York: Amacom, 1979.)
Rumelt, Richard P. Strategy Structure and Economic Performance. (Boston: Division of
Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, 1974.)
Salter, Malcolm S. and Weinhold, Wolf A. Diversification Through Acquisition. (New York:
Free Press, 1979.)
Sayles, L. Leadership: What Effective Managers Really Do and How They Do It, McGraw-Hill:
New York, 1979.
Schelling, Thomas C. The Strategy of Conflict. (London: Oxford University Press, 1960.)
Selznick, P. Leadership in Administration, Row, Peterson and Company:
Evanston, Ill., 1957.
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Summer, Charles E. Strategic Behavior in Business and Government. (Boston: Little, Brown
and Company, 1980.)
Tichy, N. and DeVanna, M. The Transformational Leader, John Wiley & Sons: New York,
1986.
Tushman, Michael L. and Charles A. O’Reilly III. 1996. Winning Through Innovation: A Practical
Guide to Leading Organizational Change and Renewal. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Yergin, Daniel and Joseph Stanislaw. 1999. The Commanding Heights: The Battle Between Government
and the Marketplace That Is Remaking the Modern World. Touchstone.
Articles:
Abernathy, William and Kenneth Wayne, “Limits of the Learning Curve,” Harvard Business
Review, September-October 1974.
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15
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16
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Vita (Full Vitae Available on Rutgers Website)
While not exhaustive, the following gives you an idea of my research interests and background. I
want this course to be as much about the process of your academic development as it is about the
content of the papers we review.
JAMES B. WADE
Rutgers University
111 Washington Street
316 MEC
Newark, NJ 07102
(973) 353-1066
e-mail: jwade@rbsmail.rutgers.edu
2 Constitution Court PH 7
Hoboken, NJ 07030
(201) 239-9009
EDUCATION
Ph.D. in Business Administration (Organizational Behavior and Industrial
of California at Berkeley, 1993.
M.B.A., University of Texas at Austin, 1989.
B.S. (Mechanical Engineering), Rice University, 1982.
Relations), University
POSITIONS AT COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
Professor, Department of Management and Global Business, Rutgers University,
Fall 2005- present.
Procter and Gamble Bascom Professor in Total Quality 2004-present
Associate Professor, Department of Management and Human Resources,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1999-2005
Visiting Associate Professor, Department of Management, New York University,
2002-2003
Faculty Affiliate, National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA),
University of Illinois, 1998-2000
Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Management and Human Resources,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1998
Assistant Professor, Business Administration, University of Illinois, 1993-1998
Affiliated Faculty, Center for Organizational Dynamics and Ecological Studies, University of
Durham, UK 2004-present
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EDITORIAL SERVICE
Editorships
Senior Editor, Organization Science
Editorial Boards
Administrative Science Quarterly:
Research Policy
Strategic Organization
Journal of Engineering and Technology Management
MEMBERSHIP AND ACTIVITIES IN ACADEMIC ORGANIZATIONS
Academy of Management
Strategic Management Society
INFORMS
American Sociological Association
European Group on Organizations
Division Chair of the Technology and Innovation Management Division of the Academy of Management,
2003/2004
Division Chair Elect of the Technology and Innovation Management Division of the Academy of
Management, 2002/2003
Program Chair of the Technology and Innovation Management Division of the Academy of Management,
2001/2002
Program Chair Elect of the Technology and Innovation Management Division of the Academy of
Management, 2000/2001
Council Representative for the Organization and Management Theory Division of the Academy of
Management, 2000-2002
GRANTS AWARDED
National Science Foundation - KDI grant. “Can Knowledge be Distributed?: The Dynamics of Knowledge
In Interdisciplinary Alliances.” Grant of $188,397 (as part of a larger $1.4 million grant). 1999-2002
Center of International Business Education and Research: $6,950. "Global
Population and Organizational Evolution in the Pulp and Paper Industry."
(with Harald Fischer). 2002.
UW-Madison, School of Business Research Funding Competition: $8,278.
"Intra-organizational Personnel Networks: Countervailing Effects of Social
Embeddedness at Different Levels of Analysis." (with Harald Fischer). 2001.
COURSES TAUGHT
BA 323 Organizations and Environment (BBA Organizational Theory Course, 1993-95)
BA 490 Current Perspectives in Organizational Theory (Macro Ph.D. Seminar, 1993)
BA 409 Core MBA Organizational Behavior Course (1994)
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BUS 403 Revised MBA Core Micro Organizational Behavior Course (1996, 1997, 1998) This course is part
of an integrated seven week curriculum which must be completed by all first year MBA students.
BA412 (MHR872) Current and Classic Perspectives in Organizational Theory (Macro Ph.D. Seminar, 1996,
1997, 1999)
BA413 (MHR872) Applied Research Methods for Analyzing Categorical, Event History, Event Count, and
Time Series Data (Ph.D. Seminar Spring, 1998, Fall 1998)
MHR730 Organizational Structure and Function (MBA elective)
MHR765 Strategic Change and Business Survival (MBA elective)
MHR720 Organizational and Management Processes (MBA elective)
MHR 728 Negotiations (MBA Elective)
B65.3387 Ph.D. Organizational Theory Course (NYU)
B01.1101 Business Strategy (NYU)
B65.238 Conflict and Negotiation (NYU)
DOCTORAL THESIS COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP
Dissertations in Progress
June-Young Kim (Committee Member- Proposal Defended) The Effects of Heterogeneity of Market
Experience on Institutional Innovation.
Scott Graffin (Committee Member-Proposal Defended) “CEO Succession and Impression Management”
Completed Doctoral Dissertations
Harald M. Fischer (Dissertation Chair) “Dynamics of Internal Selection: The Effects of Intra-firm
Managerial Migration and Network Structure on Business Unit Divestiture,” (Accepted job at University of
Connecticut)
Myleen Leary, Final Defense 2003 “Who’s Influencing Whom?: A Study of the Influence of the CEO on the
Board of Directors and Strategy.” Accepted job at San Luis Obispo.
Michael DeVaughn, Final defense 2002. “Regulatory Protectionism and Learning in the US Commercial
Banking Industry: An Exploration of Survival Enhancing Learning in New Banks,” Accepted job at
University of Minnesota
Ji-Yub Kim. “Crash Test without Dummies: A Longitudinal Study of Interorganizational Learning From
Failure Experience in the US Commercial Banking Industry, 1984-1998.” (Committee Member) Final
Defense 2000. Awarded Post Doc at Dartmouth.
David Blough. “Fitness and Competition in the American Brewing Industry: Applying Organizational
Ecology to the Study of Regional Technical Change”
Final defense 2000.
Stephen Lim. “Network Inertia and Patterns of Organizational Transformation in the U.S. Mutual Fund
Industry.” (Committee Member) Final Defense 1994. Accepted position at the National University of
Singapore.
Timothy Pollock. “Risk, Reputation, and Social Structure in the Market for Initial Public Offerings:
Constructing Organizational Value Through Resource Interdependence.” (Research Director) Final Defense
1998. Accepted position at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
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Michael Tyler. “The Effect of Union Duration on Fertility Behavior.” (Committee Member) Final Defense
1998.
Philip Gorman, “Managerial Knowledge, Expansion Trajectories, and Competitive Advantage in the U.S.
Paper Industry, 1973-1992,” (Committee Member) Final Defense 1998.
PUBLICATIONS:
Journal Articles
Porac, Joseph, James B. Wade, Harald Fischer, Joyce Brown, Alaina Kanfer, and Geof Bowker. 2004.
“Human Capital Heterogeneity, Collaborative Relationships and Publication Patterns in a Multidisciplinary
Scientific Alliance: A Comparative Case Study of Two Scientific Teams,” Research Policy. 33:661-678
Pollock, Timothy, Joseph Porac and James B. Wade. 2004. “Weaving the Social Fabric of Mediated Markets:
The Role of Bank Reputation and Transactional Embeddedness in Initial Public Offerings.” Academy of
Management Review. 29:50-72
Pollock, Timothy G., Harald M. Fischer, and James B. Wade. 2002 “The Role of Politics and Impression
Management in Repricing Executive Options.” Academy of Management Journal 45: 1172-1182.
Carpenter, Mason A., and James B. Wade 2002. “Micro-Level Opportunity Structures as Determinants of
Non-CEO Executive Pay,” Academy of Management Journal. 45:1085-1103. Nominated for the 2003
Scholarly Achievement Award, Human Resources Division of the Academy of Management.
Kanfer, Alaina G., Haythornthwaite, Caroline, Bowker, Geoffrey C., Bruce, Bertram C., Burbles, Nicholas,
Porac, Joseph F., Wade, James B. 2000 “Modeling Distributed Knowledge Processes in Next Generation
Multidisciplinary Alliances.” Information Systems Frontiers 2:3/4, 317-331.
Porac, Joseph F., James B. Wade, and Timothy G. Pollock, 1999. “Industry Categories and the Politics of the
Comparable Firm in CEO Compensation,” Administrative Science Quarterly 44:112-144.
Greenstein, Shane M. and James B. Wade, 1998. “The Product Life Cycle in the Commercial Mainframe
Computer Market,” Rand Journal of Economics. Vol 29, No. 4, Winter 1998: 772-789.
Wade, James B., Anand Swaminathan, and Michael Scott Saxon, 1998 “Normative and Resource Flow
Consequences of Local Regulations in the American Brewing Industry, 1845-1918,” Administrative Science
Quarterly, 43 (4): 905-935.
Wade, James B., Joseph F. Porac, Timothy G. Pollock, and James R. Meindl, 1997. “Hitch Your Wagon to a
Corporate Star? Testing Two Views About the Pay, Reputation and Performance of Top Executives,”
Corporate Reputation Review, 1 (2): 103-109.
Wade, James B., Joseph F. Porac, and Timothy G. Pollock. 1997. “Worth, Words, and the Justification of
CEO Pay,” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18: 641-664.
Wade, James, 1996. “A Community-Level Analysis of Sources and Rates of Technological Variation in the
Microprocessor Market,” Academy of Management Journal, 39 (5):1218-1244.
Belliveau, Maura, Charles A. O'Reilly, III, and James B. Wade, 1996. “Social Capital: The Effects of Social
Similarity and Status on CEO Compensation,” Academy of Management Journal, 39 (6): 1568-1593.
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Wade, James, 1995. “Dynamics of Organizational Communities and Technological Bandwagons: An
Empirical Investigation of Community Evolution in the Microprocessor Market,” Strategic Management
Journal, 16 (S1): 111-133. Also appears in edited volume entitled Managing in the Modular Age, R. Garud,
A. Kumaraswamy, and R. Langlois (eds.) Blackwell Publishing. 2002.
Main, Brian, Charles A. O'Reilly, III, and James Wade, 1995. “The CEO, the Board of Directors and
Executive Compensation: Economic and Psychological Perspectives,” Industrial and Corporate Change, 4
(2): 293-332.
Main, Brian, Charles A. O'Reilly, III., and James Wade, 1993. “Top Executive Pay: Tournament or
Teamwork?” Journal of Labor Economics, 11 (4): 607-628.
Carroll, Glenn R., and James Wade, 1991. “Density Dependence in the Organizational Evolution of the
American Brewing Industry Across Different Levels of Analysis,” Social Science Research, 20 (3):
271-302.
Wade, James, Charles A. O'Reilly, III., and Ike Chandratat, 1990. “Golden Parachutes: CEOs and the
Exercise of Social Influence,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 35 (4): 587-603.
Chapters
Dowell, Glenn, Anand Swaminathan, and James B. Wade. 2002. “Pretty Pictures and Ugly Scenes: Political
and Technological Maneuvers in High Definition Television.” P. Ingram and B.S. Silverman (eds) Advances
In Strategic Management 19: 97-133.
Fischer, Harald, Joyce Brown, Joseph F. Porac, James B. Wade, Michael DeVaughn, and Alaina Kanfer.
2002. “Mobilizing Knowledge in Interorganizational Alliances.” In N. Bontis and Chun Wei Choo (eds) The
Strategic Management Of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Knowledge: A Collection of Readings, pp.
523-535, Oxford University Press.
Swaminathan, Anand and James B. Wade (2001) “Social Movement Theory and the Evolution of New
Organizational Forms,” in C.B. Schoonhoven and E. Romanelli (eds) The Entrepreneurship Dynamic in
Population Evolution, pp. 286-313: Stanford University Press.
Wade, James B. and Porac, Joseph F, and Monica Yang. 1999. “Interorganizational Personnel Dynamics,
Population Evolution, and Population-Level Learning.” In A.S. Miner and P. Anderson (eds.) Advances in
Strategic Management, 16: 131-153, JAI Press.
Published Proceedings
McKendrick, David G. and James B. Wade 2005. “Frequent Innovation and Mortality in High-Technology
Competition” Best Papers Proceedings of the Academy of Management, Honolulu, HI (August, 2005)
Swaminathan, Anand and James B. Wade 1999 “Social Movement Theory and the Evolution of New
Organizational Forms” Best Papers Proceedings of the Academy of Management, Chicago, IL (August,
1999)
Wade, James, 1993. “Dynamics of Organizational Communities and Technological Bandwagons: An
Empirical Investigation of Community Evolution in the Microprocessor Market,” Proceedings of the Eighth
Annual Texas Organizations Conference, University of Texas at Austin, April 1993: 124-128.
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OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Book Review of Organizations Evolving by Howard Aldrich. (2002) Administrative Science Quarterly,
47:389-393.
Commentary on “Dynamics of Organizational Communities and Technological Bandwagons: An Empirical
investigation of Community Evolution in the Microprocessor Market,” (2002) in R. Garud, A.
Kumaraswamy and R. Langlois (eds.) Managing in the Modular Age, Blackwell.
WORK IN PROGRESS
Papers Under Review
Wade, James, Joseph Porac, Timothy Pollock & Scott Graffin “The Burden of Celebrity: The Impact of
Certification Contests Among the Corporate Elite on Pay and Performance” Under Third Review, Academy
of Management Journal.
Wade, James B. Charles A. O’Reilly, III and Timothy G. Pollock “Overpaid CEOs and Underpaid Managers:
Equity and Executive Compensation.” Revise and Resubmit, Organization Science
McKendrick, David G. and James B. Wade. “ Frequent Innovation and Mortality in High Technology
Competition.” Revise and Resubmit, Organization Science.
Working Papers
Graffin, Scott D., James B. Wade, and Joseph Porac. “Halo & Shadow? The Impact of CEO Certification on
TMT Pay Structure”
Swaminathan, Anand and James B Wade “Diffusion and Agency in the Construction of Institutional
Environments: The Adoption and Repeal of State Prohibition Regulations in the United States 1850-1918”
Swaminathan, Anand, James B. Wade and Andreas Schwabb. “Organizational Performance and Career
Mobility.”
Mishina, Yuri, Hayagreeva Rao, Joseph Porac, Timothy Pollock & James B. Wade "Shareholder Activism as
Symbolic Voice: The Effect of Managerial and Organizational Characteristics on the Incidence of Shareholder
Resolutions"
Other Research Activity
Knowledge Transfer in the U.S. Paper Industry (with Harald M. Fischer and Joseph Porac).
The Interdependent Evolution of Temperance Unions and Breweries in Minnesota: 1878-1938 (with Anand
Swaminathan)
The Role of Associations in the United States Brewing Industry (with Anand Swaminathan)
25