Midterm Review
1. ___________________ is the first real example or prototype of something (as
the Model T is the prototype of the modern automobile). In this sense an
archetype can be considered the ideal model, the supreme type or the perfect
image of something
2. Archetypes are _______________ in human beings. Archetypes result in a deep
emotional response for readers.
3. Archetypes are __________________ that recur in the literature of every age
Examples of Archetypes
4. _________(think of the classic hero journey & qualities of hero)
“The main character leaves his or her community to go on an adventure, performing
deeds that bring honor to the community”
Mother figure
_______________________—comforts and directs child, especially when he or she is
confused and needs guidance. Represents powers that can be called on for help when it is
needed. Helps young person to solve own problems (Knapp 71).
Earth Mother
Stepmother
5. The great teacher/mentor
Wise old men/women—protects or helps main character when he or she faces
challenges.
6. The innocent – (give an example)
Child/Youth
Inexperienced adult
7. The Sacrificial Redeemer (give an example)
The protagonist is willing to die for his or her beliefs; the main character maintains a
strong sense of morality
8. Scapegoat/Sacrificial Victim (give an example)
Archetype in Beowulf
The dragon slayer representing a besieged community facing evil forces that lurk in
the cold darkness
______________ the monster lurking in the depths of the lagoon, may represent all of
those threatening forces.
_____________ - a lengthy narrative poem in which the action, characters, and language
are on a heroic level and the style is exalted and even majestic. Early epics often
stemmed from oral traditions
The word is from the Greek epikos which was derived from epos, meaning “word,”
“narrative,” or “poem.”
KNOW ALL OF THESE, YOU WILL BE TESTED OVER THEM!
Major characteristics of an epic
1. a setting remote in time and place
2. an objective, lofty, dignified style
3. a central incident or series of incidents dealing with legendary or traditional material
4. a theme involving universal human problems
5. a towering hero of great stature
6. superhuman strength of body, character, or mind
7. superhuman forces entering the action
KNOW ALL OF THESE, YOU WILL BE TESTED OVER THEM!
Epic Heroes
1. Is significant and glorified
2. Is on a quest
3. Has superior or superhuman strength,intelligence, and/or courage
4. Is ethical
5. Risks death for glory or for the greatergood of society
6. Is a strong and responsible leader
7. Performs brave deeds
8. Reflects the ideals of a particular society
Epic Assignment:
Find an example of each characteristic for an epic and epic hero in part 1 of Beowulf.
Examples should include line numbers! Put your information into a chart.
Characteristics of
an Epic Hero
Is significant and glorified
Is on a quest
Example from text (include line #)
Has superior or
superhuman strength,
intelligence, and/or
courage
Is ethical
Risks death for glory or
for the greater good of
society
Is a strong and responsible
leader
Performs brave deeds
Reflects the ideals of a
particular society
Beowulf Quiz 1
1. How is Grendel described in part 1? How the story describes him. Not how I
describe him in class.
2. How did Hrothgar’s men react to Grendel attacking Herot?
3. Why could Grendel not touch Hrothgar’s throne?
4. Who is Beowulf and how does he hear about Grendel?
5. In part 6 Unferth challenges Beowulf. What do you think was his motivation for
the challenge?
Beowulf Quiz 2
1. Grendel has been successfully attacking Herot for years. What will be different
about this visit to Herot?
2. How does Beowulf defeat Grendel?
3. How does Beowulf prove his victory over Grendel? Why might he do this?
4. After he kills Grendel what does Hrothgar ask Beowulf to do?
5. What is Beowulf’s final act of revenge against Grendel?
Gilgamesh info
Gilgamesh
a Mesopotamian epic
History
}Gilgamesh was an actual king who reigned over the city-state of Urud, in Sumer,
sometime between _____________________ B.C.
}Gilgamesh became a legendary figure
}Tales grew and were probably recited in verse for centuries before
____________________
}The earliest fragments date from __________________ B.C.
}Later the tale was repeated and reworked by writers from the ___________,
________________, and _______________ cultures.
}Some scholars believe that the epic was finally put into its most complete form by a
scribe in ______________B.C.
Final draft
}The story is based on 11 clay tablets containing ____________ script.
}These tablets were among 25,000 discovered in modern Iraq, ___________________, in
the buried ruins of the library of King Assurbanipal of Assyria
Gilgamesh is . . .
}Two parts ________ and one part ______________
}Possesses both supernatural powers and human weakness
}He is the leader of his people and the builder of a great city, yet he suffers from
excessive pride.
Original epic hero?
}Many scholars believe Gilgamesh serves as the ___________________ for hero myths
that would appear later in Greece, India, and Persia
CHARACTER
______________h: Protagonist; A strong and handsome man but a callow and
tyrannical ruler; Possesses a potential for greatness that is realized through his friendship
with Enkidu and his quest for renown and immorality.
_______________: created by the gods as a rival and companion for Gilgamesh. He
grew up outside civilization; his wisdom contrasts with and tempers Gilgamesh’s
impetuosity.
characters
}___________________: A tusked ogre sent by Enlil to guard the sacred Forest of Cedar.
Important info.
Literary Elements- DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLES
Allusion
Personification
Foreshadow
Point of View
1st person
3rd person limited
3rd person omniscient
Plot
Characterization
Indirect
Direct
Theme
Protagonist
Antagonist
Imagery
Epic
Epic Hero
Character Foil
Idioms
Metaphors
Similes
Hyperbole
Paradox
Symbol
Satire
Parody
Parable
Proverbs
Ballads
Frame Story
Dramatic Song
Romantic Hero
Allegory
King Arthur/ La Morte de Arthur
1. Uther ____________ was Arthur’s father and ________________ was Arthur’s
mother.
2. Who helped Uther to be with Igraine?
3. What did he request in return for his assistance?
4. After Uther dies the next King of England will be picked at Westminster by
having someone to pull _____________ out of an anvil.
5. What is written on the anvil?
6. What does Merlin predict about Guinevere?
7. Who stole Guinevere from Arthur?
8. In Le Morte De Arthur what causes the fighting to break out?
9. Who is Arthur fighting against in this story and how are they related?
10. Paraphrase the scene where Arthur and Mordred fight.
Macbeth Act I Quiz
Scene1
1.
Scene. 2
2.
3.
4.
Scene 3
5.
Scene 4
6.
Scene 5
7.
8.
9.
Scene 7
10.
11.
What is the setting?
Who is the King of Scotland?
Who are the king’s sons?
Who’s a traitor, and who is praised for killing him?
What do the witches prophesize for Macbeth? For Banquo?
Who does King Duncan formally announce as his successor?
Where is Macbeth’s castle?
What is Lady Macbeth afraid her husband lacks? Not ambition but
r___________.
“Look like the ______ flower, but be the ______ that’s lying under it,” says
_______.
Why does Macbeth talk himself out of his murderous plot? (Two reasons)
Who talks him back into it and how?
Macbeth Act 2 Quiz
Scene 1
1.
2.
3.
Who is Banquo’s son?
How does Macbeth respond when Banquo brings up the three Weird Sisters?
Do you believe him? Why/why not?
Famous soliloquy—“Is this a dagger which I see before me . . .?” Why is
Macbeth hallucinating?
Scene 2
4.
What did Lady Macbeth do, and why didn’t she kill King Duncan?
Who says, “I thought I heard a voice crying, ‘_____ no more! Macbeth has
murdered _______! Innocent ____! _____ that relieves our worries. The
natural end of every day. The soothing bath for weary workers. The balm for
disturbed minds. The rejuvenator of life.’”
What mistake in the murder plot did Macbeth make?
5.
6.
Scene 3- Porter scene:
a.
It reminds the audience that Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, who have been the
only two characters on stage for most of the last two scenes, are not the only
people in the world of the play. Everyday life is still going on as usual for
others.
b. It offers “comic relief,” a humorous break in the play that Shakespeare’s
audience would have expected and enjoyed. It also gave the clown in The
King’s Men, Shakespeare’s company, a role to play.
c. In his words, the Porter unwittingly echnoes some of Macbeth concerns. Ask
students to point out words or phrases that do this (“hell,” “Beelzebub,”
“equivocator,” “treason”).
7.
8.
9.
10.
What has the weather been like during the night?
Whom does Lennox blame for the murder?
Why does Lady Macbeth faint?
Where do Malcolm and Donalbain go, and why?
Scene 4
11.
12.
13.
What does Ross report about King Duncan’s horses?
Since Malcolm and Donalbain have fled, who is anointed King and already at
Scone for the coronation?
Does Macduff attend the coronation?
Macbeth Act 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
What does Banquo think about Macbeth’s kingship?
What is the “barren scepter” a symbol of?
What reason does Macbeth give the hired murderers as to why they must keep
it secret?
How does Macbeth react when he hears Fleance escaped?
How does Lady Macbeth react when Macbeth begins talking to Banquo’s
ghost?
What is figurative language? (Be able to discern an example from Macbeth.)
How does Hecate intend on ensuring Macbeth’s downfall?
At the beginning of scene 6, Lennox speaks of Macbeth’s sorry and nobility in
that tone that is ________?
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
What does Banquo reveal as scene 1 of Act III opens?
Why does Macbeth want Banquo dead?
In the extended banquet scene, Macbeth chastises Banquo for being absent.
What makes that speech ironic?
At the banquet, what does Macbeth’s tortured conscience cause him to do?
Who suspects that Macbeth killed Duncan?
Who suspects that Banquo knows Macbeth’s crimes?
Who is suspicious because of Macbeth’s behavior at the banquet?
Who is suspicious about all events and hope for aid from England against
Macbeth?
What does foreboding mean? Cite an example of a foreboding statement from
Macbeth.
Macbeth Act 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Why does the gentlewoman in Scene 1 refuse to repeat Lady Macbeth’s sleep-talk to
the doctor?
What is the “damned spot” Lady Macbeth refers to?
Macbeth tries to reassure himself that Malcolm and Macduff are not a threat to him
because . . . ?
As Macbeth’s anxiety grows, he commands the doctor to . . . ?
Macbeth’s reaction to his wife’s death shows that he . . . ?
Macduff declares that he must kill Macbeth because . . .?
Macbeth finally realizes what about the witches and apparitions?
The play ends with the thanes acknowledging who as Scotland’s new and lawful
king?
As he prepares for his final battle, Macbeth expresses his disappointment that old age
will not
bring him . . . ?
Young Siward dies with honor because . . . ?
What images occur repeatedly in the play? (woods, _________, and __________)
Who reveals murders of Lady Macduff and the King?
Who reveals that Lady Macbeth has hallucinations ?
Who reveals that Lady Macbeth is dead?
Who reveals that Birnam Wood is approaching the castle
?
Who reveals that his supporters will be made Earls?
The Three Visions
The witches grant Macbeth three visions regarding his own future. Like him, the
audience does not at first fully grasp their significance. In time, however, their means
of duping Macbeth become increasingly clear. Complete #1, 2, and 3 on the chart
below.
1st Apparition
2nd Apparition
3rd Apparition
1. Describe the
vision.
2. What does the
vision say?
3. Describe
Macbeth’s
reaction to the
vision.
4. How has
Macbeth been
duped?
Macbeth Act 5
1. Why does the gentlewoman in Scene 1 refuse to repeat Lady Macbeth’s sleep-talk to the
doctor?
2. What is the “damned spot” Lady Macbeth refers to?
3. Macbeth tries to reassure himself that Malcolm and Macduff are not a threat to him
because . . . ?
4. As Macbeth’s anxiety grows, he commands the doctor to . . . ?
5. Macbeth’s reaction to his wife’s death shows that he . . . ?
6. Macduff declares that he must kill Macbeth because . . .?
7. Macbeth finally realizes what about the witches and apparitions?
8. The play ends with the thanes acknowledging who as Scotland’s new and lawful king?
9. As he prepares for his final battle, Macbeth expresses his disappointment that old age will
not
a. bring him . . . ?
10. Young Siward dies with honor because . . . ?
11. What images occur repeatedly in the play? (woods, _________, and __________)
12. Who reveals murders of Lady Macduff and the King?
13. 13.
Who reveals that Lady Macbeth has hallucinations
?
14. Who reveals that Lady Macbeth is dead?
15. 15.
Who reveals that Birnam Wood is approaching the castle ?
16. Who reveals that his supporters will be made Earls?