ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT
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Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT LESSON 1. PHONETICS (NGỮ ÂM) 1. MỘT VÀI QUY TẮC VỀ TRỌNG ÂM (STRESS) Quy tắc 1. Từ có 2 vần: - Thường nhấn ở vần đầu - Danh từ hoặc tính từ: nhấn ở vần đầu - Động từ: nhấn ở vần cuối 2. Các từ tận cùng là: IC, ION, IA, IAL, IAN, IAR, IENCE, IENCY, IENT, IANCE, IUM, IOUS, EOUS, UOUS, trọng âm thường đặt ngay trước những âm này Ví dụ Candy, really, active, carrot Dictate, present, export, rebel Dictate, present, export, rebel Economic, revision, colonial, magnesia, musician, familiar, experience, efficient, allegiance, gymnasium, abstemious, continuous 3. Các từ tận cùng là: OUS, ATE, TUDE, Adventurous, considerate, altitude, capacity, variety, ITY, ETY, AL, LOGY, GRAPHY, METRY, NOMY, CY trọng âm thường từ âm thứ 3 từ mechanical, astrology, photography, calorimetry, sau ra trước. antinomy, democracy 4. Các từ tận cùng là: ADE, EE, ESE, EER, Charade, referee, Vietnamese, OO, OON, ETTE, ESQUE, trọng âm thường engineer, taboo, balloon, nhấn ở vần cuối. cigarette, burlesque 5. Danh từ kép, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu Blackbird, greenhouse 6. Tính từ kép, động từ kép, trọng âm rơi Bad-tempered, old-fashioned vào âm tiết thứ hai understand, overflow Ngoại lệ Cadec, divine, possess, guitar, patrol, manure Arithmetic, heretic, appliance, reliance, defiance Incarnate, disastrous Centigrade, committee, overseer 2. PHÁT ÂM (PRONUNCIATION) : CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –S / ES VÀ -ED Từ tận cùng là Thường phát âm là -p, -pe /p/ -t, -te /t/ -k, -ke /k/ -gh, -ph /f/ -th, -the /θ/ -x, -s, -ce, -se /s/ -se /z/ -sh /∫/ -ge / dz / -ch /ʧ / Trường hợp còn lại Thêm –S/ES đọc là Từ tận cùng là Thường phát âm là -d, -de /d/ -t, -te /t/ -k, -ke /k/ -gh, -ph /f/ -x, -s, -ce, -se /s/ -p, -pe /p/ -sh /∫/ -ch /ʧ / Trường hợp còn lại Thêm –ED đọc là /s/ / iz / /z/ / id / /t/ /d/ Ví dụ Stops, hopes, develops, copes Bats , hats, hates, writes Books, looks, breaks, makes Laughs, photographs Lengths, bathes Boxes, kisses, pieces, houses Uses (v), browses Washes, smashes Languages, bridges, ranges Watches, matches, catches Pens, tables, disappears Ví dụ Decided, needed Wanted, dedicated Looked, caked, Laughed, paragraphed Mixed, missed, pronounced Dropped, developed, roped Established, finished Scratched, stretched Used (v), prepared, cleaned Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 Exercise 1. A. proofs B. books C. points D. days 2. A. asks B. breathes C. breaths D. hopes 3. A. sees B. sports C. pools D. trains 4. A. tombs B. lamps C. brakes D. invites 5. A. books B. floors C. combs D. drums 6. A. cats B. tapes C. rides D. cooks 7. A. walks B. begins C. helps D. cuts 8. A. shoots B. grounds C. concentrates D. forests 9. A. helps B. laughs C. cooks D. finds 10. A. hours B. fathers C. dreams D. thinks 11. A. beds B. doors C. plays D. students 12. A. arms B. suits C. chairs D. boards 13. A. boxes B. classes C. potatoes D. finishes 14. A. relieves B. invents C. buys D. deals 15. A. dreams B. heals C. kills D. tasks 16. A. resources B. stages C. preserves D. focuses 17. A. carriages B. whistles C. assures D. costumes 18. A. offers B. mounts C. pollens D. swords 19. A. miles B. words C. accidents D. names 20. A. sports B. households C. minds D. plays CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây là hình thức Past tensen và Past participle: 1. “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : .Ex: wanted; decided 2. “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,/ hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch :.Ex: asked; stopped; laughed... 3. “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ 2 trường hợp trên : .Ex: moved; played; raised Ngọai lệ: Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked,,... Exercise 1. A. worked 2. A. kissed 3. A. confused 4. A. devoted 5. A. catched 6. A. agreed 7. A. measured 8. A. wounded 9. A. imprisoned 10. A. a.failed 11. A. invited 12. A removed 13. A. looked 14. A. wanted 15. A. laughed 16. A.believed 17. A.lifted 18. A. collected 19. A. walked 20. A.admired B. stopped B. helped B. faced B. suggested B. crashed B. missed B. pleased B. routed B. pointed B. reached B. attended B. washed B. laughed B.parked B. passed B. prepared B. lasted B. changed B. entertained B. looked C. forced D. wanted C. forced D. raised C. cried D. defined C. provided D. wished C. occupied D. coughed C. liked D. watched C. distinguished D. managed C. wasted D. risked C. shouted D. surrounded C. absored D. solved C. celebrated D. díplayed C. hoped D. missed C. moved D.stepped C. stopped D.watched C. suggested D. placed C. involved D. liked C. happened D. decided C. formed D. viewed C. reached D. looked C. missed D. hoped BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC : 1. 2. 3. 4. A. heat A. breakfast A. thrilling A. idea B. scream B. teacher B. other B. going C. meat C. east C. through C. will Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên D. dead D. please D. something D. trip Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 5. A. face 6. A. Germany 7. A. scholarship 8. A. house 9. A. hundred 10. A. head 11. A. choir 12. A. charge 13. A. reason 14. A. motion 15. A. gather 16. A. change 17. A. write 18. A. share 19. A. apply B. place B. garden B. Christ B. harm B. exhausted B. ready B. cheap B. child B. clear B. question B. good B. children B. writer B. rare B. university 20. A. choice B. achieve C. prepared C. gate C. school C. hour C. however C. mean C. child C. teacher C. mean C. mention C. large C. machine C. writing C. are C. identity C. each D. days D. gas D. chicken D. husband D. heat D. weather D. chair D. champagne D. each D. fiction D. again D. church D. written D. declare D. early D. chemistry LESSON 2+3. TENSES (THÌ) Thì Dạng Khẳng định Phủ định Nghi vấn Bị động Nhận biết Thì Dạng Khẳng định Phủ định Nghi vấn Bị động Nhận biết Thì Dạng Khẳng định Phủ định Nghi vấn Bị động Nhận biết SIMPLE PRESENT (Hiện Tại đơn) S + V [-s/-es] S + don’t / doesn’t + V(bare-inf) Do / Does + S + V (bare- inf) …? …am / is / are + V-ed/Vpp… - always, usually, occasionally, often, … - every : every day, every year… - once…, twice…, 3 times… SIMPLE PAST (Quá Khứ đơn) S + V-ed / 2 S + didn’t + V(bare-inf) Did + S + V(bare-inf) …? …was / were + V-ed/Vpp… - yesterday - last : last week, last Sunday… - ago : two months ago, five years ago… - in the past PRESENT CONTINUOUS (Hiện Tại tiếp diễn) S + am / is / are + V-ing S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing …? PAST CONTINUOUS (Quá Khứ tiếp diễn) S + was / were + V-ing S + wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing Was / Were + S + V-ing …? …am / is / are + being + V-ed/Vpp… …was / were + being + V-ed/Vpp… - now, at present - at the / this moment - Sau câu mệnh lệnh : Keep silent! The baby is sleeping - At that moment - When / As + (simple past): When I came, she was crying. - While : A dog crossed the road while I was driving. PRESENT PERFECT (Hiện Tại hoàn thành) S + has / have + V-ed/Vpp S + hasn’t / haven’t + V-ed/Vpp Has / Have + S + V-ed/Vpp …? …has / have + been + V-ed/Vpp… - just, already, ever, yet, recent(ly), lately - since, for : since 1995, for 9 years - so far, up to now, from then PAST PERFECT (Qúa Khứ hoàn thành) S + had + V-ed/Vpp S + hadn’t + V-ed/Vpp Had + S + V-ed/Vpp…? …had been + V-ed/Vpp… - after + (past perfect), (simple past) - before + (simple past), (past perfect) - by the time/when ( Vpast), Had + Vpp Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 Thì SIMPLE FUTURE FUTURE PERFECT Dạng (Tương Lai đơn) (Tương Lai hoàn thành) Khẳng định S + will + V (inf) S + will have+ V-ed/Vpp Phủ định S + won’t + V (inf) S + won’t have + V-ed/Vpp Nghi vấn Will + S + V (inf)…? Will + S + have + V-ed/Vpp…? Bị động …will be + V-ed/Vpp… …will be + V-ed/Vpp… - tomorrow - by the end of this month Nhận biết - next… : next week, next Monday - by + (time in the future) - in the future Khi chia động từ cần chú ý sự hòa hợp của chủ ngữ (S) và động từ (V): * S1 + and + S2 => số nhiều. Ví dụ : Tom and Mary were late yesterday. * Each, every, no + noun => số ít. Ví dụ : Each boy and girl has a textbook. No student is present * (N)either + S1 + (n)or + S2 => chia theo S2. Ví dụ : He or you are the best student. * S1, as well as + S2 => chia theo S1. Ví dụ : John, as well as you, is responsible for that report. * Chủ ngữ là danh từ chỉ đo lường, giá cả, tiền => số ít. Ví dụ : 5,000 dollars is a big sum of money. * Đại từ bất định (everyone, something, nobody…) => số ít. Ví dụ : Everybody is in the room. PRACTICE Exercise 1. Choose the most correct answer: 1. I _______this film twice. A. see B. saw C. will see 2. –Peter, please help me do the washing up. – Sorry, Mum. I ______ TV. A. watch B. am watching C. had watched 3. The farmers _____ in the field now. A. were working B. have worked C. worked 4. The war _____ out three years ago. A. broke B. had broken C. has broken 5. He ______ a cup of coffee every morning. A. drinks B. drank C. is drinking 6. She ______ a lot of new books. A. had just bought B. has just bought C. buys 7. Up to the present, Nam_____ good work in his class. A. does B. has done C. had done 8. At present, that author ______ a historical novel. A. is writing B. was writing C. has written 9. By next month, I _____ my first novel. A. will finish B. am going to finish C. finish finished 10. Phong ______ at the university so far. A. had worked B. was working C. worked 11. How long _____ able to drive? – since 1990. A. could you B. have you been C. were you 12. They ______ since eight o’clock. A. are talking B. have been talking C. talked 13. My brother _______ in the army from 1990 to 1995. A. served B. has served C. had served 14. At this moment, I _____ that we have a good chance of victory. A. was feeling B. am feeling C. feel feeling 15. I _____ the money from him yet. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên D. have seen D. watched D. are working D. was breaking D. has drunk D. bought D. did D. had written D. will have D. has worked D. are you D. talk D. is serving D. had been Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 A. haven’t received B. don’t receive C. will receive D. am receiving 16. This is the most interesting book _____ . A. I’ve read B. I had read C. I’ve ever readed D. I’ve ever read 17. I ____ him ten days ago. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see 18. It ______ a long time since I last saw him. A. is B. was C. will be D. had been 19. She _____ so hard this week that she doesn’t have time to go to the hairdresser’s. A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had worked 20. Mr. John_______ to Los Angeles in 1992. A. had gone B. has gone C. went D. was going 21. What ______ to you yesterday? A. happened B. did happen C. had happened D. has happened 22. I never go to Australia. I _____ to Australia yet. A. will go B. went C. haven’t been D. have been 23. What _____ do at 7:00 tomorrow morning. A. will you B. shall you C. were you D. did you 24. Why ______ you come yesterday? A. couldn’t B. can’t C. didn’t D. A and C 25. My mother ______ in this factory since 1990 A. works B. worked C. has worked D. had worked 26. I _____ my hair before breakfast this morning. A. washed B. had washed C. was washing D. have washed 27. I _____ about him when he suddenly came in. A. talk B. talked C. am talking D. was talking 28. He will finish this work before you _______ here tomorrow. A. leave B. will leave C. would leave D. are going to leave 29. Don’t make noise. My mother ______ with her friends. A. is talking B. was talking C. talks D. talked 30. He _____ in this office for ten years by next Monday. A. will have been working B. would be working C. will work D. will be working Exercise 3: Find ONE mistake in each of the following sentences: 1. (A)Last year, my son (B)was lost (C)among the crowd when we (D)have gone shopping. 2. The problem (A)has turned out (B)to be more serious (C)than we (D)will have thought. 3. (A)Almost 300 million people (B)had visited (C)America’s national parks (D)every year. 4. They (A)have studied English(A) before they went (C)to London. 5. They (A)has got married (B)for 30 years (C)by the end of (D)this month. 6. They (A)will help you (B)whenever you (C)will ask (D)them. 7. (A)When Sam (B)will arrive, he will (C)open (D)the gift. 8. My father (A)has ever told (B)me honestychân thât (C)was (D)the best policy. 9. Did you say (A)that you (B)will have a lot of things (C)to do the (D)following week? 10. (A)When we arrived (B)at (C)the station, the train (D)has already left. 11. (A)Did your doctor (B)recommend you that you (C)will stop (D)smoking? 12. (A) Up to now, there (B)had been (C)no woman (D)being chosen the US president. 13. The neighbors (A)are having a party. They (B)are making so much noise (C)since 6 o’clock. I (D)can’t sleep. 14. (A)Don’t (B)leave the house (C)until I (D)will get back. 15. I (A)was walking along the pavement(B) when I (C)realized that there (D)has been a man following me. 16. Human (A)had struggled (B)against weeds (C)since the beginning (D)of agriculture. 17. Mary (A)said (B)that she (C)do jogging (D)every morning. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 18. (A)At this time (B)next week, Peter (C)was working (D)in London. 19. Never I (A)have seen (B)such a (C)good film (D)before. 20. (A)Before the 1920s, (B)no women (C)will vote (D)in the US. LESSON 4. REPORTED SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT) Để biến đổi một câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cần: 1. Đổi chủ ngữ và các đại từ nhân xưng khác trong câu trực tiếp theo chủ ngữ của thành phần thứ nhất. 2. Lùi động từ ở mệnh đề 2 về một bậc so với lúc ban đầu. 3. Biến đổi các đại từ, phó từ chỉ thời gian và địa điểm theo bảng qui định. Bảng đổi động từ Direct speech Simple present ( Hiện tại đơn) Present progressive (H.tại tiếp diễn) Present perfect (Progressive) Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) Will/Shall Can/May Indirect speech Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) Past progressive Past perfect(Progressive) (quá khứ hoàn thành) Past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành) Would/ Should Could/ Might Bảng đổi các đại từ chỉ thị, phó từ chỉ địa điểm và thời gian That day Today The day before Yesterday Two days before The day before yesterday The next/ the following day Tomorrow In two days The day after tomorrow The following + Time ( week, month, Next + Time ( week, month, year….) year….) Last + Time ( week, month, year….) The previous + Time ( week, month, year….) Time + ago Time + before This, these That, those Right now At once Here, Overhere There, Overthere Ví dụ : - He said : “ I have lost my pen this morning.” He said that he had lost his pen that morning. - She said to him: “I will go with you tomorrow.” She told him that she would go with him the next day. - He said : “ I’ll come here to take this book.” He said that he would come there to take that book. - They said to us : “You must do this work right now.” They told us that we had to do that work at once. Lưu ý : Trong câu tường thuật, cần chú ý câu hỏi làm tân ngữ cho động từ tường thuật: V (tường thuật) + Ví dụ : wh- / how… if / whether (câu hỏi Y/N) + “What are you doing?” asked my father. = My father asked me what I was doing. “Have you seen that film?” John asked. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên S + V Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 = John wanted to know if I had seen that film. He asked them “How many children do you have?” = He asked them how many children they had. Exercise1: Choose the best option to complete the following sentences 1. Jack asked me _____. A.where do you come from? B.where I came from C.where I am from D.where did I come from? 2. She asked me _____ I liked pop music. A.when B.what C.if D.x 3. The doctor ____ him to take more exercise. A.told B.tell C. have told D. are telling 4. I wanted to know_____ return home. A.when would she B. when will she C. when she will D. when she would 5. Claire told me that her father____ a race horse. A.owns B.owned C. owning D. A and B 6. What did that man say ______? A. at you B. for you C. to you D. you 7. I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it _______ raining there. A. is B. were C. has been D. was 8. The builders have ______ that everything will be ready on time. A. promised B. promise C. promises D. promising 9. The doctor _______ him to take more exercise. A. told B. tell C. have told D. are telling 10. The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed. She explained she’d been on holiday the ______ week. A. ago B. following C. next D. previous 11. Yesterday, Laura ______ him to put some shelves up. A. asked B. is asking C. ask D. was asked 12. Tom has ______ this story wasn’t completely true. A. admitting that B. was admitted that C. admitted that D. admit that 13. When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy ______ day. A. that B. the C. then D. this 14. I wonder _____ the tickets are on sale yet. A. what B. when C. where D. whether 15. Mathew _____ Emma that her train was about to leave. A. has reminded B. has reminded that C. reminded D. reminded that 16. Hello, Jim. I didn’t expect to see you today. Sophie said you _____ ill. A. are B. were C. was D. should be 17. Ann ______ and left. A. said goodbye to me B. says goodbye to me C. tell me goodbye D. told me goodbye 18. I told you ______ to switch off the computer, didn’t I ? A. don’t B. not C. not to D. to not 19. Bill was slow, so I ________ hurry up. A. tell him B. told him for C. told to D. told him to 20. Sarah was driving to fast, so I ______ to slow down. A. asked her B. asked C. ask D.have asked her 21. Someone ______ me there’s been an accident on the motorway. A. asked B. said C. spoke D. told 22. Sue was very pessimistic about the situation. I advised her _____. A. no worry B. not worry C. no to worry D. not to worry 23. I couldn’t move the piano alone, so I asked Tom_______. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 A. giving a hand B. gave a hand C. to give a hand Tom said that New York _______ more lively than London. A. is B. be C. was When he was at Oliver’s flat yesterday, Martin asked if he ______ use the phone. A. can B. could C. may George couldn’t help me. He ______ me to ask Kate. A. tell B. said C. told Judy ______ going for a walk, but no one else wanted to. A.admitted B. offered C. promised I said that I had met her ______ . A. yesterday B. the previous day C. the day D. give a hand D. were D. must D. say D. suggested D. the before day. 29. The man asked the boys ______ . A. why did they fight B. why they were fighting C. why they fight D.why were they fighting 30. “______the door”, he said. A. please open B. open pleased C. please to open D. please, opening Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences : 1. “Push as hard as you can” She said to me. She told me _____________________________________________________________________ 2. “Don’t wait for me if I am late” He said to her. He told her _____________________________________________________________________ 3. “Where are you from, Nam?” said Mai. Mai asked_______________________________________________________________________ 4. Mary said “ I cannot go to the cinema with you, John”. She ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. Tom asked Mary “Did you phone me last night?” Tom wanted to know_____________________________________________________________ 6. He asked me “Why didn’t you go to school yesterday?”. He asked me___________________________________________________________________ 7. Why don’t you stop smoking?” the doctor said to him. The doctor advised him ____________________________________________________________ 8. “How many students are there in your class?” The man asked me ________________________________________________________________ 9. “Have you seen John recently?” said Ann. Ann asked me ___________________________________________________________________ 10. The policeman said to her : “Show me your driving licence.” The policeman ordered ____________________________________________________________ 11. He said : “Did you see Mary yesterday ?” He wanted to know _______________________________________________________________ 12. He said : “Would you mind telling me the time ?” He told _________________________________________________________________________ 13. I said to my friend : “When did you buy your new car ? I asked __________________________________________________________________________ 14. My friend said to me : “We have known everything about that.” My friend told ____________________________________________________________________ 15. Helen said : “What did you say, Jack ?” Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 Helen asked __________________________________________________________________ 16. 'You'd better look for a new job, Andrew.' Jane advised ______________________________________________________________________ 17. 'It was nice of you to invite me to your birthday party. Thanks very much. Mike thanked _______________________________________________________________________ 18. 'I must. have made a mistake in the calculations.' Mr Forest admitted __________________________________________________________________ 19. 'I'll pay for the meal.' Sarah insisted _____________________________________________________________________ 20.Perhaps we can go to Paris for the weekend.' Neil suggested ____________________________________________________________________ Jack LESON 5. PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG) S + [aux] + Vm(động từ chính) S + [aux] + Be + V-ed/Vpp + + O [by + O] Ghi chú : - Động từ Be phải được chia cùng thì với câu chủ động hoặc cùng dạng với Vm. - Trong câu bị động, bỏ [by + O] nếu O là me, you, us, them, him, her, it, someone, somebody, people… TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE 1. The simple present ( Hiện tại đơn) S + V (-s /es) S + am/is /are + Vpp 2. The present. Continuous (H.tại tiếp S + am/ is/ are + V-ing S+ am/is / are/ + being + Vpp diễn) 3. The present perfect ( H.tại hoàn thành) S + have/ has + Vpp S + have/ has + been + Vpp 4. The simple past (Quá khứ đơn) S + V2/ V-ed S + was/ were + Vpp 5. The past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp S + was/ were + V- ing S + was/ were + being+ Vpp diễn) 6. The past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành) S + had + Vpp S + had+ been + Vpp 7. The simple future ( tương lai đơn) S + will/ shall + bare-V S + will/ shall + be + Vpp 8 S + Model + V-bareInf S + Model + be + Vpp Model: can, could, must, may, might, should, am going to………. Ví dụ : They are painting the fence = The pence is being painted by them Tourists buy a lot of souvenirs today. = A lot of souvenirs are bought by tourists today. The manager should sign these contracts. = These contracts should be signed by the manager. *Môtt số cấu trúc bị động đặc biệt: 1. Causative form: ( Thể nhờ bảo): “Have” or “Get”. a. Have * Chủ động : S + have + O.1(person) + bare -V + O.2 ( thing) Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 * Bị động : S + have + O.2 (thing) + Vpp Ex: I had him repair the roof yesterday. ---- I had the roof repaired yesterday. b. Get * Chủ động : S + get + O.1(person) + to- inf + O.2 ( thing) * Bị động : S + get + O.2 (thing) + Vpp Ex: I will get her to cut my hair ---- I will get my hair cut. 2. Verbs of Opinion: Say, think, believe, know, report, declare, report, announce.... : * Chư động: S1 + V of opinion + (that) + clause (S2 + V + O) * Chủ động : It + be + V of opinion ( Vpp) + (that) + clause. Hoặc: S2 + be + V of opinion (Vpp) + to - inf Ex: - They said that John was the brightest student in class. ---- It was said that John was the brightest student in class. ----- John was said to be the brightest student in class. Nếu Verbs of Opinion ở thì hiện tại, mệnh đề được tường thuật ở quá khứ, ta dùng cấu trúc sau: * Chủ động: S1 + V of opinion + (that) + clause (S2+ V + O) * Bị động : It + be + V of opinion ( Vpp) + (that) + clause. or: S2 + be + V of opinion (Vpp) + to have Vpp Ex: They know that Mary won the competition. ---- It is known that Mary won the competition ---- Mary is known to have won the competition. 3. S (thing) + need + to be V pp Ex: These trees need to be watered every day or : S (thing) + need + V-ing These trees need watering every day Exercise 1:Change into passive voice: 1. The teacher always welcomes new students. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___ 2. Thomas Edison invented the phonograph in 1877. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___ 3. The police found two children in the forest. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___ 4. They will send your order as soon as possible. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___ 5. The scientists are studying the problem carefully. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___ 6. Pat Murphy was riding the horse. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___ 7. The police have just arrested the robbers. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___ 8. They can use this room after 5p.m. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___ 9. They have to repair the engine of the car. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 → __________________________________________________________________________________ 10.. People must repair that old building. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___ 11. People don’t learn a foreign language in a short time. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___ 12. Did Henry write that book years ago ? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___ 13. I wasn’t introduced to any of the guests. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___ 14. You should place matches out of reach of children. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___ 15. People say that inflation is getting out of control. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___ Exercise 2: Choose the most correct answer: 1. The boy_____ by the teacher yesterday. A. punish B. punished C. punishing D. was punished 2. “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They’ve already ______,sir. They’re on your desk.” A. typed B. been being typed C. being typed D. been typed 3. Today, many serious childhood diseases _____ by early immunization. A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented 4. They had a boy _______ that yesterday. A. done B. to do C. did D. do 5. We get our mail ______ yesterday. A. been delivered B. delivered C. delivering D. to deliver 6. My wedding ring ______ yellow and white gold. A. is made B. is making C. made D. make 7. If your brother _______ , he would come. A. invited B. were invited C. were inviting D. invite 8. Mr. Wilson is _______ as Willie to his friend. A. known B. knew C. is known D. know 9. References _____ in the examination room. A. not are used B. is not used C. didn’t used D. are not used 10. Laura ______ in Boston. A. are born B. were born C. was born D. born 11. His car needs ________. A. be fixed B. fixing C. to be fixing D. fixed 12. Her watch needs _______. A. repairing B. to be repaired C. repaired D. A and B 13. My mother is going _____ this house. A. sold B. sell C. to be sold D. to sell 14. There’s somebody behind us. I think we are _______. A. being followed B. are followed C. follow D. following 15. Have you _____ by a dog? A. bite B. bit C. ever been bitten D. ever been bit 16. The room is being _____ at the moment. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 A. was cleaned B. cleaned C. cleaning 17. It _____ that the strike will end soon. A. is expected B. expected C. are expected 18. It is _____ that many people are homeless after the floods. A. was reported B. reports C. reported 19. He was said _____ this building. A. designing B. to have designed C. to designs 20. Ted ______ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden. A. got sting B. got stung C. get stung D. clean D. was expected D. reporting D. designed D. gets stung LESON 6. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN) 1. Điều kiện loại 1 : IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) Simple Present S + V[-e/es] S + don’t / doesn’t + V(inf) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính) Simple Future S + will + V(inf) S + will not + V(inf) Will + S + V(inf)…? Unless = if…….not Ví dụ: Study hard or you will fail the exam. = Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam. = If you don’t study hard , you will fail the exam. Ghi chú : - Sau mệnh đề If hoặc mệnh đề Unless phải có dấu phẩy (,) - Sau Unless không được dùng dạng phủ định (Ví dụ : không được viết Unless you don’t write) 2. Điều kiện loại 2, loại 3 : TYPE II III IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) Simple Past Be were (was) S + V-ed/2 S + didn’t + V(inf) Past Perfect S + had + V-ed/Vpp S + hadn’t + V-ed/Vpp MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính) S + would / could + V(inf) S + wouldn’t / couldn’t +V(inf) Would / Could + S + V(inf)… ? S + would / could have + V-ed/3 S + wouldn’t / couldn’t have + V-ed/3 Would / Could + S + have + V-ed/3…? Điều kiện loại 2 : diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại Điều kiện loại 3 : diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở quá khứ Dạng bài tập : Biến đổi câu. Dựa vào tình huống (thường có 2 câu hoặc 2 mệnh đề) để xác định + 1 câu hoặc mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân + 1 câu hoặc mệnh đề chỉ kết quả So Because Therefore + nguyên nhân + kết quả Because of As a result That’s why => Áp dụng trong câu điều kiện : If + (nguyên nhân) , (kết quả) Lưu ý : + Nếu tình huống được cho ở thì hiện tại đơn, ta áp dụng câu điều kiện loại 2 + Nếu tình huống được cho ở thì quá khứ đơn, ta áp dụng câu điều kiện loại 3 + Câu điều kiện loại 2, loại 3 là không có thật ở hiện tại nên cả hai mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện phải ở dạng phủ định của câu hoặc mệnh đề ban đầu. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 Ví dụ : He doesn’t hurry, so he misses the train (tình huống hiện tại loại 2) = If he hurried, he wouldn’t miss the train They don’t go camping because the weather is bad. (tình huống hiện tại loại 2) = If the weather weren’t bad, they would go camping. She stayed up late. That’s why she was ill. (tình huống quá khứ loại 3) = If she hadn’t stayed up late, she wouldn’t have been ill. _______________________________________________________________________________ _ Exercise 1: Cho d¹ng ®óng cña ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc: 1. I (be)_________ angry if it turns out that you are wrong. 2. If he (finish)__________ with the computer, I will put it away. 3. If you leave now, you (be) _________ home in 2 hours. 4. You (have to) ___________ finish writing it if you want to leave now. 5. If it (not rain)__________ we will have the party outside. 6. If I (live)__________ out of town, I would take up the garden. 7. I (not mind) ________________ living in Sapa if the weather were better. 8. If Mr. Hai (be) _____________ still a teacher, he wouldn’t permit such a bad behavior. 9. We would be fine if we (leave) _________________ in the next ten minutes. 10. I’m homeless. If I (have)_________ money now, I (buy) ______________ a big house. 11. If we had missed the train yesterday, we (be) ________________ late for the meeting. 12. It’s good that you reminded me about Ann’s birthday. I (forget) ____________if you hadn’t reminded me. 13. The accident was your fault. If you had driven more carefully, it (not happen)________________. 14. The view was wonderful. If I (have)_____________ a camera, I would have taken some photographs. 15. If you had told me you needed money, I (lend)_____________ you some. 16. If it (be) _______ convenient, let’s meet at three o’clock. 17. If I had known that the baby was hungry, I (feed) ___________ him. 18. He (come) ___________ if you waited. 19. If she had had your address, she (write) ___________ to you. 20. We lost the match. If you (play) ______________ for us, we (win) __________. 21. He (not, have) _______________ an accident if he had not been driving so fast. 22. Had I known that she was sick, I (visit) ___________ her. 23. If today (be) ___________ Sunday, we wouldn’t have to work. 24. If I became very rich, I (build ) ___________ a hospital for the poor. 25. If you (ring) _______________ the bell, the servant would come. Exercise 2: Chän ph-¬ng ¸n tèt nhÊt ®Ó hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau 1. If I ______ the bus this afternoon, I will get a taxi instead. A. miss B. will miss C. missed D. had missed 2. `We’ll have to go without John if he ______ soon. A. won’t arrive B. will arrive C. arrives D. doesn’t arrive 3. If I make some coffee, _____ the cake? A. do you cut B. will you cut C. are you cutting D. don’t you cut 4. If you ______ your homework, I _____ you watch TV. A. won’t do/ let B. did/ won’t let C. don’t do/ won’t let D. won’t do/ don’t let 5. If you _____ this switch, the computer _____ on. A. press/ comes B. will press/ comes C. press/ can come D. have pressed/ will comes 6. ____ you, I would think twice about that decision. It could be a bad move. A. If I am B. should I be C. were I D. if I had been 7. “Would you like some cake?”- “no thanks. If I ________ cake, I ______ fat.” A. ate/ will get B. ate/ would get C. would eat/could get D. am eating/ will get Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 8. Pam broke her arm in the accident. It____ much worse if she hadn’t been wearing her seat belt. A. will be B. would have been C. was D. were 9. “My boss made me work overtime again.”_ “if I _____ you, I _____ my job.” A. were/ would have quit B. am/ will quit C. was/ must quit D. were/ would quit 10. “John went to the hospital alone.”- “Did he? If he_____ me with him.” A. told/ would go B. told/ might have gone C. had told/ could go D. had told/ would have gone 11. “My car broke down when I was leaving London ”. – “_____, we’d _____ you up.” A. if we had known/ pick B. had we known/ have picked C. if we’d known/ picked D. if we knew/ pick 12. “I don’t know whether to take that job or not”- “_____ you, I _____ it. ” A. if I had been/ would have taken B. should I be/ will take C. if I were/would have taken D. were I/ would take 13. “ You look tired ”- “well, if you ____ me up in the middle of the night, I _____ so tired.” A. didn’t wake/ wouldn’t have been B. hadn’t woken/ wouldn’t be C. hadn’t woken/ wouldn’t have been D. don’t wake/ won’t be 14. ____ resigned, we would have been forced to sack him. A. Had he not B. Hadn’t he C. He had not D. He not had 15. If you _____ me about the bad service, we’d have eaten there. A. didn’t tell B. wouldn’t have told C. hadn’t told D. had told 16. The teacher was absent today, so class was canceled. If she _____ absent again tomorrow, class____ tomorrow, too. A. is/ will cancel B. is/ will be canceled C. was/ would be canceled D. was/ would cancel 17. If you ______ to my advice in the first place, you______ in this mess right now. A. listen/ won’t be B. had listened/ wouldn’t have been C. will listened/ wouldn’t be D. had listened/ wouldn’t be 18. If he ____ me, I’ll be ready to help him. A. ask B. will ask C. asks D. to ask 19. When winter comes, I ____ a new coat. A. buying B. buy C. will buy D. buys 20. What would Tom do if he ____ the truth? A. would know B. has know C. knows D. knew Exercise 3:Chän mét lçi sai trong c¸c c©u sau: 1. (A)Unless there (B)had been a (C)heavy storm, the climber (D)will not have died. 2. What (A)would happen (B)if there (C)was (D)no water? 3. A)If forests (B)had not been destroyed, there (C)will have been (D)no floods 4. (A)They spent money (B)as if (C)they (D)were very rich. 5. (A)What (B)would you have do (D)if you (D)were in my position? 6. (A)If I (B)had knew the time (C)when the match started, I (D)would have told you. 7. If (A)had I known you (B)were (C)in financial difficulty, I (D)would have helped you. 8. (A)If she (B)had listened (C)to my direction she (D)will not turn down the wrong street. 9. My children (A)won’t go to bed (B)unless they (C)don’t have (D)some money. 10. If you (A)keep on (B)playing games (C)on the computer, I (D)would sell it. 11. (A)Unless it (B)rains, we (C)will stay (D)at home. 12. (A)If I (B)am (C)a director, I (D)would make more film about children. 13. We (A)will go (B)to see the film “Titanic” (C)if the weather (D)is fine or not. 14. (A)Had he planned (B)on going, he (C)will have let us (D)know. 15. If you hadn’t (A) left the car(B) unlocked, it (C) wouldn’t have(D) be stolen. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 LESON 7. RELATIVE CLAUSE (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ ) 1. Chức năng của các đại từ quan hệ : WHO : thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người (làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ) WHOM : thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người (làm tân ngữ) WHICH : thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật (làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ) WHOSE : thay thế cho một hình thức sở hữu (sở hữu cách, tính từ sở hữu, of …) WHERE WHEN WHY 2. Quy tắt : : thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ nơi chốn = (giới từ) + WHICH : thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ thời gian = (giới từ) + WHICH : thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ nguyên nhân, lí do ( for + reason) (Danh từ chỉ người) + WHO (Danh từ chỉ người) + WHOM (Danh từ chỉ vật) + WHICH (Danh từ) + WHOSE (Danh từ chỉ nơi chốn) + (Danh từ chỉ thời gian) + WHERE WHEN + + + + + S S + V… S + V… S + V… V… + V… + noun + S + + S + V… + S + V… V… Ví dụ : - The man gave me the money. He met me at the airport. The man who met me at the airport gave me the money. - This is the man. We saw him at the party yesreday. This is the man whom/ who we saw at the party yesterday. - The pencil belongs to me. It is in your pocket. The pencil which is in your pocket belongs to me. - The car is very expensive. He bought it. The car which he bought is very expensive. - There is the man. His wallet was stolen. There is the man whose wallet was stolen. - The tree should be cut down. The branches of the tree are dead. The tree whose branches are dead should be cut down. - That is the village. I live in the village. That is the village where I live. Lưu ý : Có 02 loại mệnh đề quan hệ: * Defining clause (mệnh đề quan hệ xác định) : đối với loại mệnh đề này, ta có thể dùng THAT thay thế cho WHO, WHOM hoặc WHICH - The man who/ that met me at the airport gave me the money. - The pencil which/ that is in your pocket belongs to me. * Non-defining clause (mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định) : loại mệnh đề này thường đứng sau một danh từ riêng và phải có dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính, không được sử dụng THAT để thay thế - Shakespeare, who wrote “Romeo and Juliet”, died in 1616. - Vietnam, which lies in Southeast Asia, is rich in coal. Exercise 1: Chän ®¸p ¸n ®óng ®Ó hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau: 1) What’s the name of the man________? A. you borrowed his car B. which car you borrowed C. whose car you borrowed D. his car you borrowed 2) Colin told me about his job,_______ very much. A. that he’s enjoying B. which he’s enjoying C. he’s enjoying D. he’s enjoying it Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 3) Sheila couldn’t come to the party, _______ was a pity. A. that B. it C. what D. which 4) Some of the people ______ to the party can’t come. A. inviting B. invited C. who invited D. they were invited 5) Do you know the woman ______ lives next door? A. she B. who C. whom D. her 6) They are never on time, can’t be explained A. who B. that C. what D. which 7) A pensioner is someone _____ no longer works and gets money from the state. A. whom B. whose C. which D. that 8) The man _____ answered the telephone told me you were away. A. whom B. he C. who D. what 9) Some people ______ were arrested, have now been released. A. that B. which C. whom D. X 10) They give their children everything _____ they want. A. what B. x C. who D. how 11) Tell me _____ you want and I’ll try to get it for you. A. that B. how C. what D. A and C 12) The women ______ he fell in love left him after a few weeks. A. with whom B. who C. to whom D. for whom 13) Do you still remember the day ______ we first met? A. where B. whom C. which D. when 14) I don’t know the name of the woman _______ I spoke on the phone. A. whom B. who C. to whom D. to that 15) This school is often for children _____ first language is not English. A. who B. that C. whose D. X 16) Fortunately we had a map, _____we would have got lost. A. no which B. without which C. none that D. without that 17) They asked me a lot of questions, _____ I couldn’t answer. A. all of whom B. that C. all of which D. who 18) The secretary was the only people _____ by the traffic chaos. A. delay B. delayed C. who delayed D. whom delayed 19) An obstacle is something, ______ your way. A. blocked B. to block C. that is blocked D. which is blocking 20) _____ I really need is a long holiday. A. That B. What C. Which D. Who Exercise 2 : Write who, that, which, where, when, or why or nothing to complete these sentences : 1/ Have you got the money ___________ I lent you yesterday ? 2/ Peter, ___________ I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party. 3/ This is the machine ___________ cost half a million pounds. 4/ Mary, ___________ had been listening to the conversation, looked angry. 5/ Have you read the book ___________ I gave you ? 6/ The house, ___________ they bought three months ago, looks lovely. 7/ Mrs.Jackson, ___________ had been very ill, died yesterday. 8/ Is this the person ___________ stole your handbag ? 9/ The dog, ___________ had been very quiet, suddenly started barking. 10/ I didn’t receive the letters ___________ she sent me. 11/ My mother, ___________ hadn’t been expecting visitors, looked surprised. 12/ The old man, ___________ had been talking to them earlier, knew that they were in the building. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 13/ The horse, ___________ had been injured by the flying stones, was very frightened. 14/ We didn’t like the secetary ___________ the agency sent. 15/ I didn’t find the money ___________ you said you’d left. 16/ We visited the school ___________ my father taught. 17/ I met her last month, ___________ she came to our house. 18/ We all looked at the place ___________ the fire had started. 19/ Did they tell you the reason ___________ they were late? 20/ The cat sat on the wall ___________ it had a good view of the birds. Exercise 3: Chän mét lçi sai trong c¸c c©u sau: 1. On the way home, we saw a lot of men, women, and dogs which were playing in the park. A B C D 2. The man whom remained in the office was the manager. A B C D 3. This novel, which written by a well known writer, should be read. A B C D 4. My friend George, that arrived late, was not permitted to enter the class. A B C D 5. This is the only place which we can obtain scientific information. A B C D 6. Chemistry is one branch of science on that most of the industries depend. A B C D 7. 1975 is the year in when the revolution took place. A B C D 8. Mr. Brown, that teaches me English, is coming today. A B C D 9. The hotel where we stay in last year was excellent. A B C D 10. At last they found the woman and her cat which were badly injured by the fire. A B C D LESON 8: PREPOSITIONS- ARTICLES I. Prepositions - Giíi tõ lµ tõ dïng ®Ó chØ mèi quan hÖ gi÷a danh tõ hoÆc ®¹i tõ víi mét tõ kh¸c trong c©u. - Giíi tõ lu«n ®i tr-íc mét danh tõ hoÆc ®¹i tõ vµ c¸c danh tõ hoÆc ®¹i tõ ®ã gäi lµ t©n ng÷ cña giíi tõ. - §¹i tõ n»m sau giíi tõ lu«n ph¶i ë h×nh thøc t©n ng÷: him, her...... - §éng tõ ®øng sau giíi tõ lu«n ë h×nh thøc Danh ®éng tõ( Ving) A. Prepositions used for Time and for Places. 1. AT: a. For time: - at 4 o’clock, at 5 pm - at last/ first - at night/ noon/ midnight - at the moment - at Christmas, at Easter - at present Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên - at once Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - at weekends - at the age of - at the same time - at sunset/ sunrise b. For places: - at home/ school/ work - at the seaside - at the corner of the street - at the theatre - at the grocer’ s, at the doctor’s - at the shop - at the top - at the bottom the foot of the page - at the biginning of/ at the end of: vµo lóc ®Çu/ cuèi - at - ( To arrive) at the airport/ rainway station. 2. IN: a. For time: - In ®-îc dïng tr-íc n¨m, th¸ng, mïa, buæi ( trõ at night, at noon). eg. in 1990, in August, in Spring, in the morning. - In time: ®óng giê. b. For places: - In: ë trong in the living room/ in the box. - In ®-îc dïng tr-íc c¸c thµnh phè, ®Êt n-íc, miÒn, ph-¬ng h-íng: in London, in Hanoi, in France, in the east .......... - in the street/ sky - in my opinion - in good/ bad weather - in the newspaper - in the middle of - in English/ German - in the rain/ sun - in the dark - in + time( in 2 days) - in the water/ river/ sea - in a line/ queue - in a picture/ mirror/ photo - in bed/ hospital/ prison - in the end:( cuèi cïng) - in love with 3. ON. a. For time: - On ®-îc dïng tr-íc thø ( ngµy trong tuÇn) eg. on Sunday - On ®-îc dïng tr-íc ngµy th¸ng eg. on August 12th - On time : ®óng giê( chÝnh x¸c) - On Christmas day - On holiday/ on a trip/ on a tour - On the occasion of: nh©n dÞp b. For places: - On : ë trªn - On horseback: eg. on the table trªn l-ng ngùa - On foot : b»ng ch©n( ®i bé) - on the phone - on a diet - on fire - On TV / on radio - on the left/ right - On the beach - on the 1st floor Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 4. BY. - By ®­îc dïng trong c©u bÞ ®éng nghÜa lµ ‘bëi’. - By ®-îc dïng ®Ó chØ ph-¬ng tiÖn ®i l¹i( by bike, by car.....) - By the time : tr-íc khi - By chance : t×nh cê - Learn by heart: häc thuéc lßng 5. TO: - TO th-êng ®-îc dïng sau ®éng tõ GO( go to the cinema..... nh-ng GO HOME). - TO th-êng ®-îc dïng ®Ó chØ sù di chuyÓn : My father takes me to the cinema. Marry invited me to her birthday party. 6. INTO: - INTO cã nghÜa lµ vµo trong, ®-îc dïng sau c¸c ®éng tõ : GO, PUT, GET, FALL( r¬i ng·), JUMP( nh¶y), COME ...... eg. go into the room, get into the train, put the pen into the bag, fall into the river, jump into the river and swim, come into the house..... - INTO cßn ®-îc dïng ®Ó chØ sù thay ®æi cña ®iÒu kiÖn hoÆc kÕt qu¶: The rain changed into snow. 7. OUT OF: ra khái. eg. He came out of the house. / He is looking out of the window. 8. WITH: - With: cã nghÜa lµ cã, mang, cïng: eg. A girl with blue eyes./ a coat with two pockets. - With ®-îc dïng ®Ó chØ mét c«ng cô, ph-¬ng tiÖn. He’s writing with a pen - With ®­îc dïng ®Ó chØ sù liªn hÖ hoÆc ®ång hµnh, cã nghÜa ‘ cïng víi’ I’m living with my parents. - With cßn cã nghÜa lµ ‘ víi’ Do you agree with me? 9. UNDER: - Under: cã nghÜa lµ ë d-íi, ®Ó chØ vÞ trÝ phÝa d-íi mét vËt. eg. The cat is under the table. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Under cßn cã nghÜa lµ Ýt h¬n, thÊp h¬n. - Children under fourteen years of age shouldn’t see such a film. MẠO TỪ II. Articles A, An, The: Mạo tõ a (an) vµ the 1- a vµ an an - ®-îc dïng: - Tr-íc 1 danh tõ sè Ýt ®Õm ®-îc b¾t ®Çu b»ng 4 nguyªn ©m (vowel) a, e, i, o - Hai b¸n nguyªn ©m u, y - C¸c danh tõ b¾t ®Çu b»ng h c©m. vÝ dô: u : an uncle. h : an hour - HoÆc tr-íc c¸c danh tõ viÕt t¾t ®-îc ®äc nh- 1 nguyªn ©m. VÝ dô: an L- plate, an SOS, an MP a : ®-îc dïng: - tr-íc 1 danh tõ b¾t ®Çu b»ng phô ©m (consonant). - dïng tr-íc mét danh tõ b¾t ®Çu b»ng uni : a university, a uniform, a universal, a union. - tr-íc 1 danh tõ sè Ýt ®Õm ®-îc, tr-íc 1 danh tõ kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh cô thÓ vÒ mÆt ®Æc ®iÓm, tÝnh chÊt, vÞ trÝ hoÆc ®-îc nh¾c ®Õn lÇn ®Çu trong c©u. - ®-îc dïng trong c¸c thµnh ng÷ chØ sè l-îng nhÊt ®Þnh. VÝ dô : a lot of, a couple, a dozen, a great many, a great deal of. - dïng tr-íc nh÷ng sè ®Õm nhÊt ®Þnh, ®Æc biÖt lµ chØ hµng tr¨m, hµng ngµn. VÝ dô: a hundred, a thousand. - tr-íc half khi nã theo sau 1 ®¬n vÞ nguyªn vÑn. VÝ dô: a kilo and a half vµ còng cã thÓ ®äc lµ one and a half kilos. Chó ý: 1/2 kg = half a kilo ( kh«ng cã a tr-íc half). - dïng tr-íc half khi nã ®i víi 1 danh tõ kh¸c t¹o thµnh tõ ghÐp. VÝ dô : a half-holiday nöa kú nghØ, a halfshare : nöa cæ phÇn. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - dïng tr-íc c¸c tû sè nh- 1/3, 1 /4, 1/5, = a third, a quarter, a fifth hay one third, one fourth, one fifth . - Dïng trong c¸c thµnh ng÷ chØ gi¸ c¶, tèc ®é, tû lÖ. VÝ dô: five dolars a kilo; four times a day. - Dïng trong c¸c thµnh ng÷ tr-íc c¸c danh tõ sè Ýt ®Õm ®-îc, dïng trong c©u c¶m th¸n. VÝ dô: Such a long queue! What a pretty girl! Nh-ng: such long queues! What pretty girls. - a cã thÓ ®-îc ®Æt tr-íc Mr/Mrs/Miss + tªn hä (surname): VÝ dô: a Mr Smith, a Mrs Smith, a Miss Smith. a Mr Smith nghÜa lµ ‘ ng-êi ®µn «ng ®-îc gäi lµ Smith’ vµ ngô ý lµ «ng ta lµ ng-êi l¹ ®èi víi ng-êi nãi. Cßn nÕu kh«ng cã a tøc lµ ng-êi nãi biÕt «ng Smith. 2- The - §-îc sö dông khi danh tõ ®-îc x¸c ®Þnh cô thÓ vÒ tÝnh chÊt, ®Æc ®iÓm, vÞ trÝ hoÆc ®-îc nh¾c ®Õn lÇn thø 2 trong c©u. - The + noun + preposition + noun. VÝ dô : the girl in banner; the gulf of Mexico; the United States of blue; the man with a America. - The + danh tõ + ®¹i tõ quan hÖ + mÖnh ®Ò phô VÝ dô: the boy whom I met; the place where I met him. - Tr-íc 1 danh tõ ngô ý chØ mét vËt riªng biÖt. VÝ dô: She is in the garden. - The + tÝnh tõ so s¸nh bËc nhÊt hoÆc sè tõ thø tù hoÆc only way. VÝ dô : The first week; the only way. - The + dt sè Ýt t-îng tr-ng cho mét nhãm thó vËt hoÆc ®å vËt th× cã thÓ bá the vµ ®æi danh tõ sang sè nhiÒu. VÝ dô: The whale = Whales, the shark = sharks, the deep-freeze = deep - freezes. Nh-ng ®èi víi danh tõ man (chØ loµi ng-êi) th× kh«ng cã qu¸n tõ (a, the) ®øng tr-íc. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 VÝ dô: if oil supplies run out, man may have to fall back on the horse. - The + danh tõ sè Ýt chØ thµnh viªn cña mét nhãm ng-êi nhÊt ®Þnh. VÝ dô: the small shopkeeper is finding life increasingly difficult. - The + adj ®¹i diÖn cho 1 líp ng-êi, nã kh«ng cã h×nh th¸i sè nhiÒu nh-ng ®-îc coi lµ 1 danh tõ sè nhiÒu vµ ®éng tõ sau nã ph¶i ®-îc chia ë ng«i thø 3 sè nhiÒu. VÝ dô: the old = ng-êi giµ nãi chung; The ng-êi thÊt disabled = nh÷ng ng-êi tµn tËt; The unemployed = nh÷ng nghiÖp. - Dïng tr-íc tªn c¸c khu vùc, vïng ®· næi tiÕng vÒ mÆt ®Þa lý hoÆc lÞch sö. VÝ dô: The Shahara. The Netherlands. The Atlantic. - The + East / West/ South/ North + noun. VÝ dô: the East/ West end. The North / South Pole. Nh-ng kh«ng ®-îc dïng the tr-íc c¸c tõ chØ ph-¬ng h-íng nµy, nÕu nã ®i kÌm víi tªn cña mét khu vùc ®Þa lý. VÝ dô: South Africal, North Americal, West Germany. - The + tªn c¸c ®å hîp x-íng, c¸c dµn nh¹c cæ ®iÓn, c¸c ban nh¹c phæ th«ng. VÝ dô: the Bach choir, the Philadenphia Orchestra, the Beatles. - The + tªn c¸c tê b¸o lín/ c¸c con tÇu biÓn/ khinh khÝ cÇu. VÝ dô: The Titanic, the Time, the Great Britain. - The + tªn hä ë sè nhiÒu cã nghÜa lµ gia ®×nh hä nhµ ... VÝ dô: the Smiths = Mr and Mrs Smith (and their children) hay cßn gäi lµ gia ®×nh nhµ Smith. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - The + Tªn ë sè Ýt + côm tõ/ mÖnh ®Ò cã thÓ ®-îc sö dông ®Ó ph©n biÖt ng-êi nµy víi ng-êi kh¸c cïng tªn. VÝ dô: We have two Mr Smiths. Which do you want? I want the Mr Smith who signed this letter. A. Prepositions Exercise 1: Choose the best option to complete the following sentences 1. When studying abroad, Mary was very happy to get a phone call _____ her parents. A. to B. for C. of D. from 2. Why don’t we stay ______ home _______ a change? A. from/ as B. at / with C. at / for D. at/ on 3. A horse is always mounted ______ the left side. A. on B. to C. from D. at 4. What would you like to have _____ lunch? A. at B. in C. for D. of 5. Surgeons use lasers _______ miraculously accurate scalpels. A. for B. as C. of D. with 6. The Medical Center is close______ the school. A. to B. at C. next D. from 7. Once scientists fully understand the cause ____ a disease, it becomes easier for them to find a cure ___ it. A. of / of B. of / from C. from / in D. of / for 8. There is a shop _____ front _____ my house. A. at / in B. out / next C. in / of D. of / in 9. He jumped ______ until the stinging return to his feet. A. on and off B. out and in C. down and up D. up and down 10. The only way ______ cross the river is ______ swim. A. to / to B. of / by C. on / to D. in / by 11. The summer is over. Pupils and students have to go ______ to school on Monday. A. back B. on C. through D. into 12. He threw stones _____ his attackers, trying to drive them _____. A. to / out B. for / up C. at / away D. at / up 13. The medical center is close ______ the campus. A. to B. up C. for D. with 14. I haven’t gone there _____ ages. A. with B. in C. for D. of 15. Most college football games are played ______ Saturdays. A. at B. in C. with D. on 16. Leaves turn color _______ the autumn. A. for B. on C. at D. in 17. _____ the whole, I enjoy the movie. A. On B. In C. At D. Up 18. She’ll come home ______ April. A. on B. in C. at D. for 19. The art museum is located next _____ the museum of natural history on State Street. A. to B. for C. on D. with 20. Minh was born_____ Ho Chi Minh city. A. on B.at C.in D. up B. Articles Exercise 1: Put a/ an/ the in each space, or leave the space blank: 1.We went by _____ train to _____ west of England. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 2.______ who live in ______ Netherlands are called Dutch. 3.______ judge sent me to _____ prison for ______ ten years. 4.______ Columbus was one of _____ people to cross _____ Atlantic. 5.As ______ captain of ______ ship, I have _______ complete authority. 6.David learned to play _____ violin when he was at _______ university. 7.______ Trafalgar Square is near ______ Charing Cross Station. 8.Did you read _____ book I lent you _____ last week? 9.We’ll put up ______ shelves and then go to ______ café for something to eat. 10.Is that ______ present Bill gave you for ______ Christmas. Exercise 2: Choose the best option to complete the following 1. My mother goes to church in ______ morning. A. x B. every C. the 2. I eat ______orange everyday. A. an B. orange C. the orange s 3. Harry is a sailor. He spends most of his life at _____ sea. A. a B. an C. the 4. There are billions of stars in _____ space. A. a B. an C. X 5. He tried to park his car but _____ space wasn’t big enough. A. the B. a C. an 6. Can you turn off _____ television, please? A. the B. a C. an 7. We had _____ dinner in a restaurant. A. a B. an C. x 8. We had _____ meal in a restaurant. A. a B. an C. the 9. Thank you. That was ______ very nice lunch. A. a B. an C. the 10. ______rose is my favourite color. A. a B. an C. the sentences D. a D. any orange D. X D. the D. X D. X D. the D. X D. X D. X LESON 9: Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs. I. Adjectives and Adverbs. 1. Adjectives: * Positions: - Adj. + N . beautiful hat. - be/ seem/ appear/ feel/ taste/ look/ keep.... + Adj. He seems tired now. - be/ seem/ look/ taste...+ too + Adj. He is too young to drive a motorbike. - be + Adj + enough . She is tall enough to play volleyball. - be/ seem/ look/ taste/ smell/ ... + so + Adj. + that. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 The story is so interesting that I can’t put it down. - How + Adj. + S + V. How beautiful the girl is. Notes: TrËt tù tõ cña tÝnh tõ: - TÝnh tõ chØ c¶m nghÜ ®øng tr-íc tÝnh tõ miªu t¶: an interesting young man. - §«i khi chóng ta dïng hai hay nhiÒu tÝnh tõ miªu t¶ trong mét c©u, th× trËt tù cña chóng ®-îc s¾p xÕp nh- sau: Sè l-îng + ChÊt l-îng + KÝch th-íc + Tuæi t¸c + Mµu s¾c + XuÊt xø( quèc gia)+ ChÊt liÖu + NOUN. eg. a beautiful old French picture. - TÝnh tõ chØ kÝch th-íc vµ chiÒu dµi( big, tall, long...) th-êng ®i tr-íc tÝnh tõ chØ h×nh d¸ng vµ chiÒu réng( round, fat, wide...). eg. a long narrow street. - Khi cã hai hoÆc h¬n hai tÝnh tõ chØ mµu s¾c,ta dïng liªn tõ ‘and’. eg.a red, white and green flag. 2. Adverbs: lµ nh÷ng tõ dïng ®Ó diÔn t¶ tÝnh c¸ch, ®Æc tÝnh, møc ®é, tr¹ng th¸i... vµ ®-îc dïng ®Ó bæ nghÜa cho ®éng tõ, tÝnh tõ, tr¹ng tõ kh¸c hoÆc cho c¶ c©u. * Positions: - V(trî ®éng tõ) + Adv. + V (th-êng). I have recently finished my homework. - be/ feel/ look/ ....+ Adv + Adj. I feel completely interested in this book. - V (th-êng) + too + Adv. He studied too lazily to pass his exam. - V (th-êng) + so + Adv. + that. Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident. - S + V ( + O) + Adv. He drives carefully. - V (th-êng) + Adv. + enough. He worked hard enough to succeed. - Adv. còng cã thÓ ®øng mét m×nh ë ®Çu c©u( hoÆc gi÷a c©u gi÷a hai dÊu “,”) Suddenly, he heard a strange voice. II. Degrees of comparison of Adj. and Adv. 1. Equal dgree: S + V + as + Adj/ Adv + as + N/ Pronoun. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 eg. He is as tall as his father. / Mai is as beautiful as her mother. - Cã thÓ thay ‘as’ b»ng ‘so’ trong c©u phñ ®Þnh. S + Be not + as/so +Adj + as N/ Pronoun. S + do/ does not +as/so + Adv+............ eg. Your pen is not so expensive as mine. - Cã thÓ diÔn ®¹t ý b»ng nhau, nh- nhau: S + V + the same + (noun) + as +noun(pronoun). eg. My house is as high as his = My house is the same height as his. Marry is as old as Tony = Marry and Tony are the same age. 2. Comparative degree: a. Short Adjectives/ Adverbs: S + V + short Adj/Adv + er + than + Noun/ Pronoun. eg. Today is hotter than yesterday./ He runs faster than I do. -TÝnh tõ 1 ©m tiÕt tËn cïng lµ phô ©m ®¬n ( trõ w, x, z) ®øng tr-íc mét nguyªn ©m ®¬n th× gÊp ®«i phô ©m cuèi + er. big-bigger - TÝnh tõ 2 ©m tiÕt cã tËn cïng lµ : y, le, er, ow, et + er. quieter, cleverer, narrower.... - TÝnh tõ 2 ©m tiÕt nh-ng kÕt thóc b»ng mét phô ©m +y, ®æi ‘y’ thµnh ‘i’ + er. happier. - So s¸nh h¬n cã thÓ ®­îc nhÊn m¹nh b»ng c¸ch céng thªm ‘much’ hoÆc ‘far’. S + V + far/ much + sh.Adj/ Adv + er + than + noun/ pronoun. eg. Today is much hotter than yesterday. b. Long Adjectives/ Adverbs: S + V + more long Adj/ Adv + than + Noun/Pronoun. eg. This chair is more comfortable than the other. He speaks English more fluently than I do. -NhÊn m¹nh : S + V + far/ much + more + long Adj/ Adv + than + noun/ pronoun. eg. Hoa’s watch is much/ far more expensive than mine. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 He reads much more rapidly than his brother. -So s¸nh kÐm h¬n: S + V + less Adj/ Adv than noun/ pronoun. eg. My TV is less beautiful than yours. He drives less carefully than I think. 3.Superlative degree: S + V + the + sh.Adj/Adv + est + in( danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc sè Ýt) + the most + long Adj/ Adv + of( danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc sè nhiÒu) + least + Adj/ Adv eg. He is the tallest in my class. Nga is the most inteligent of all the students. Those shoes are the least expensive of all. Note: - good/ well better the best - bad/ badly worse the worst - many/ much more the most - little less the least - far farther the farthest(vÒ kho¶ng c¸ch) further the furthest( vÒ thêi gian) - near nearer the nearest(vÒ kho¶ng c¸ch) the next( vÒ thø tù) - late later the latest( vÒ thêi gian) - old older the last( vÒ thø tù) the oldest( vÒ tuæi t¸c) elder the eldest( vÒ cÊp bËc h¬n lµ tuæi t¸c) 4. So s¸nh kÐp( double comparatives): a. Cµng ngµy ....... cµng, mçi lóc mét...... h¬n. * Víi tÝnh tõ ng¾n: Adj + ER and Adj + er. The weather gets warmer and warmer * Víi tÝnh tõ dµi: more and more + Adj. She becomes more and more beautiful. b. Cµng ngµy cµng Ýt...., cµng ngµy cµng kÐm....: less and less + Adj. eg. He is less and less hard-working. c. Cµng .... th× cµng....... * Víi tÝnh tõ ng¾n: The adj. + er......., the adj. + er. eg. The darker it gets, the colder it is. * Víi tÝnh tõ dµi: The more adj......., the more adj......... eg. The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her husband is. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 * Víi ®éng tõ: the more...., the more...... The more you learn, the more you forget. Note: NhiÒu khi hai vÕ kh«ng cïng mét lo¹i tÝnh tõ dµi hay ng¾n nh-ng cã thÓ sö dông lÉn lén víi nhau.( hoÆc vÕ tr-íc tÝnh tõ, vÕ sau ®éng tõ hoÆc ng-îc l¹i...) eg. The more she smiles, the more graceful she is. d. Cµng Ýt........, th× cµng Ýt........ Cµng kÐm....., ....th× cµng kÐm...... * Víi tÝnh tõ: The less + adj........, the less + adj. ....... eg. The less difficult the lessons are, the less hard-working the students. * Víi ®éng tõ : the less....., the less..... The less I live with him, the less I like him. 5. Nh÷ng c¸ch nãi kh¸c cã tÝnh c¸ch so s¸nh. a. Other .... than........: kh¸c. I want to read other novels than these. b. Rather than: h¬n lµ. We want to be poor rather than rich. c. Had better: nªn You’d better stay at home than go fishing. d. Had rather hoÆc Would rather: thÝch.. ..h¬n .We’d rather watch a film than read a book. 6. Danh tõ còng cã thÓ ®-îc dïng trong so s¸nh: S + V + as + many/ much/ little/ few + noun +as + noun/ pronoun. hoÆc S + V + more/ fewer/ less + noun + than + noun/ pronoun. eg. He earns as much money as his brother. I have more books than she does. Exercise 1:Choose the best option to complete the following sentences: 1. No one else in the class plays the guitar ______ John. A. as well B. as far as C. so well as D. as soon as 2. The town was nearer _____ we thought it would be. A. then B. that C. as D. than 3. The economic conditions today are _______ they were in the past. A. much more good B. much better than C. much better D. the best than 4. Peter is ______ student in my class. A. taller than B. so tall as C. the tallest D. tallest 5. The deep oceans contain some of the ______ of all living creatures. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 A. strangest B. strange C. as strange as D. stranger 6. Jane is not _____ her brother. A. more intelligent as B. intelligent as C. so intelligent as D. so intelligent that 7. He drives as ______ his father does. A. careful as B. more carefully C. the most careful D. carefully as 8. What’s the ______ film you’ve ever seen. A. good B. best C. better D. the best 9. I’ll be there _______ I can. A. sooner as B. no sooner as C. as soon as D. soonest as 10. Mr. Lam cannot earn _______ his wife. A. as many money as B. as much money as C. as many money than D. as much money than 11. I like English ______ French. A. than B. more C. less D. better than 12. My car is _______ yours. A. more fast and economical than B. more fast and more economical than C. faster and economical as D. faster and more economical than 13. Of the two sisters, Linda _______ . A. is beautiful B. the most beautiful C. is more beautiful D. is so beautiful as 14. The lab is _____ from the bus stop than the library. A. far B. farther C. furthur D. B and C 15. The ______ accident in the history of the city occurred last night on the Freeway. A. badest B.most bad C. worse D. worst 16. He finished the test _______ of all. A. rapidly B. the most rapidly C. most rapidly D. more rapidly 17. Many chemicals react ______ in acid solutions. A. more quick B. more quickly C. quicklier D. as quickly more 18. It’s becoming ______ to find a job. A. more difficult and more B. more and more difficult C. most and more difficult D. more difficult than 19. ______ electricity you use, _______ your bill will be. A. the more / the higher B. the most / the higher C. the more / the high D. more / higher 20. The more I got to know Tom, _______ I liked him. A. least B. the less C. the least D. the fewer Exercise 2: Chän mét lçi sai trong nh÷ng c©u sau: 1. “Tomorrow Never Die” is one of the more exciting films. A B C D 2. Most babies will grow up to be as cleverer as their parents. A B C D 3. New York is the larger of all American cities. A B C D 4. The new models are not only less expensive but also the more efficient. A B C D 5. The more they advertise, the least expensive things are. A B C D 6. The problem is the more serious because there has been no relevant solution up to now. A B C D 7. The more he earns, the most happy he is. A B C D Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 8. Nam plays the piano better than I am. A B C D 9. Mary looks more prettier than she used to be. A B C D 10. Jim has failed the examination. He is the baddest in our class. A B C D LESON 10: Phrasal verbs MÖnh ®Ò ®éng tõ , lµ nh÷ng ®éng tõ ®i kÌm víi mét hoÆc hai tõ( mét tr¹ng tõ hoÆc mét giíi tõ). Víi mçi tr¹ng tõ ®i kÌm th× mÖnh ®Ò ®éng tõ sÏ mang mét ý nghÜa kh¸c nhau. Vd: -Look! There is a cat! -My mother looks after carefull. Cã bèn lo¹i côm ®éng tõ kh¸c nhau: 1. Lo¹i 1: §éng tõ ®i víi mét t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp- ®©y lµ ngo¹i ®éng tõ . NÕu t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp lµ mét danh tõ, nã cã thÓ ®øng tr-íc hoÆc ®øng sau tr¹ng tõ. Tuy nhiªn, nÕu t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp lµ mét ®¹i tõ th× nã ph¶i ®øng tr-íc ®¹i tõ. C«ng thøc: V + Adverb +O Vd:look up, bring (sb) up, let(sb) down, make up, put off, put on, take off, take away, try on, turn down, work out, turn on, turn off...... 2. Lo¹i 2: §éng tõ ®i víi mét giíi tõ vµ mét bæ ng÷ trùc tiÕp- ®©y lµ ngo¹i ®éng tõ. §èi víi nh÷ng côm ®éng tõ nµy kh«ng ®-îc t¸ch rêi hai phÇn cña côm ®éng tõ. C«ng thøc: V +preposition +O V d. She looks after h er children properly 3. Lo¹i 3: ®éng tõ kh«ng ®i víi bæ ng÷ trùc tiÕp- ®©y lµ néi ®éng tõ. Ta kh«ng ®-îc t¸ch rêi hai phÇn cña côm ®éng tõ. C«ng thøc: V + Adverb Vd: break down , break up, get away, get by, go down, hold on, pass away, pass out, set off/ set out, stand out, take off.... 4. LoaÞ 4: ®éng tõ bao gåm c¶ tr¹ng tõ vµ giíi tõ. Chóng lu«n cÇn mét bæ ng÷ trùc tiÕp. Ta kh«ng ®-îc t¸ch Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 rêi c¸c phÇn cña côm ®éng tõ nµy. . C«ng thøc: V + Adverb + preposition +O Vd:catch up with, come up against, come up with, face up to, fall in with, get along/on with, get out of, look up to, make up for, put up with, run out of, stand up for, stand up to... Some Verb call call call call do figure fill fill find get get get get give give go hand hand Preposition back off on up over out in up out in off on over back up off in out hang up common Phrasal verbs Synonym ( Ngh ĩa) return a telephone call Gọi lại ( điện thoại) cancel Hủy bỏ ask to speak in class Gọi phát biểu ý kiến make a telephone call Gọi điện thoại do again Làm lại find the solution to a problem Tìm giải pháp complete a sentence by writing in a blank Điền vào fill completely with gas, water, coffee, etc. Đổ đầy, làm đầy discover information Tìm ra, phát hiện ra enter a car, a taxi Lên xe, tax i... leave a bus, an airplane, a train, a subway, a bicycle Xuống xe buýt, máy bay ... enter a bus, an airplane, a train, a subway, a bicycle Lên xe recover from an illness Bình phục, khỏi ốm return something to someone Trả lại quit doing something or quit trying Từ bỏ, bỏ explode Phát nổ give homework, tests, papers, etc., to a teacher Nộp bài kiểm tra, bài thi... give something to this person, then that person, then another person,. Phân phát 1. hang on a hanger or a hook; Treo 2. end a telephone call Kết thúc cuộc gọi đt keep leave look make pay pick put put on out up up back up off on continue omit look for information in a reference book invent return money to someone Lift Postpone put clothes on one's body Tiếp tục Bỏ sót, bỏ qua Tra cứu( từ,kiến thức...) Phát minh ... Trả lai tiền cho ai Đón Hoãn lại Mặc quần áo put run out into extinguish (stop) a fire, a cigarette, a cigar meet by chance Dập tắt ( Lửa, thuốc lá ..) Tình cờ gặp shut start off over stop a machine or light, turn off start again Đóng ,tắt Khởi động lại Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên take off Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 remove clothes from one's body Tháo, cởi quần áo... tear up tear into small pieces Xé ra từng mảnh nhỏ throw try turn turn turn away/out on down off on put in the trash put on clothing to see if it fits decrease the volume stop a machine or a light, shut off begin a machine or a light Vứt bỏ Thử ( quần áo ) Vặn nhỏ âm thanh Tắt ( đèn, máy móc ...) Bật đèn, máy móc... turn up increase the volume Vặn to âm thanh Exercise1:Chän ph-¬ng ¸n ®óng ®Ó hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau: 1. We are looking forward _____ you again soon. A. to see B. to seeing C. saw D. have seen 2. My mother was afraid to let the boy _____ the tree. A. to risk climbing B. to risk to climb C. risk climbing D. risk to climb 3. I remember _____ but he said I did not. A. to buy him a book B. buy him a book C. buying him a book D. to have bought him a book 4. Remember _____ john a present . today is his birthday. A. send B. to send C. sent D. sending 5. I suggest _____ some more mathematical puzzles. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done 6. Would you mind _____ the door? A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened 7. You should give up _____ or you will die of cancer. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. smoked 8. The driver stopped _____ a coffee because he felt sleepy. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 9. That old man tried to stop _____ because of his bad health. A. smoke B. smokes C. smoked D. smoking 10. There is nothing prevent us from______ the mystery of that palace. A. discover B. discovery C. discovering D. discoveries 11. Mr. Thomas does not allow people_____ in his office. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoked D. smoking 12. We are not allowed _____ in that restricted area. A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. to entered 13. You had better _____ at home until you feel better. A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed 14. The machine needs_____ . A. B and C are correct B. to be repaired C. repairing D. to repair 15. I couldn’t help _____ when I heard the story. A. laughing B. to laugh C. laughed D.laugh 16. Peter usually help his mother ______. A. to do housework B. do housework C. with housework D.all are correct 17. She used that money _____ a new car. A.buy B. buying C. to buy D. for buying 18. Can you manage_____ ______ the report in the morning? A. finishing / to write B. to finish / writing C. finishing / writing D. to finish / to write 19. Rex hotel was the best place for us _____. A. stays B. staying C. to stay D. stay 20. You can’t stop me from _____ what I want. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 B. do C. to do A. doing D. that I do LESSON 11: conjunctions- Adverbial clauses of time I. conjunctions 1. so: cã nghÜa lµ ‘v× vËy’, liªn tõ nµy ®øng tr­íc vÕ thø hai trong mét c©u ghÐp, biÓu hiÖn vÕ thø hai lµ kÕt qu¶ t¸c ®éng cña vÕ c©u thø nhÊt. C«ng thøc dïng nh- sau: Clause 1, so + clause 2 Vd: Tim was too angry, so he left without saying anything. But: cã nghÜa lµ’nh­ng’ liªn tõ nay ®øng tr­íc vÕ thø hai trong mét c©u ghÐp, biÓu thÞ ý nghÜa tr¸i ng-îc víi ý nghÜa cña vÕ c©u thø nhÊt. C«ng thøc dïng nh- sau: Clause 1, but + clause 2 Vd: I tried my best to pass the exam, but I still failed. 3. However: cã nghÜa lµ’Tuy nhiªn’ liªn tõ nµy ®øng ë ®Çu mét c©u, biÓu thÞ ý nghÜa tr¸i ng-îc víi ý nghÜa cña tr-íc ®ã vµ ng¨n c¸ch víi vÕ c©u ®i sau b»ng dÊu phÈy.Ngoµi ra nã cã thÓ lµ tõ nèi gi÷a hai vÕ c©u trong mét c©u phøc. Trong tr-êng hîp nµy nã sÏ ®i sau dÊu chÊm phÈy vµ ®øng tr-íc dÊu phÈy. C«ng thøc dïng nh- sau: Sentence 1. However, sentence 2. Clause 1; however, clause 2. Vd: -Studying English is not easy. However, it is benificial - Studying English is not easy; however, it is benificial 4. Therefore: cã nghÜa lµ’v× vËy’ liªn tõ nµy ®øng ë ®Çu mét c©u, mang ý nghÜa chØ kÕt qu¶ cña hµnh ®éng trong c©u tr-íc ®ã vµ ng¨n c¸ch víi vÕ c©u ®i sau b»ng dÊu phÈy.Ngoµi ra nã cã thÓ lµ tõ nèi gi÷a hai vÕ c©u trong mét c©u phøc. Trong tr-êng hîp nµy nã sÏ ®i sau dÊu chÊm phÈy vµ ®øng tr-íc dÊu phÈy. C«ng thøc dïng nh- sau: Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 Sentence 1. Therefore, sentence 2. Clause 1; therefore, clause 2. Vd: -He didn’t study hard. Therefore, he failed the exam. -He didn’t study hard; therefore, he failed the exam. 5. Sù kh¸c nhau gi÷a but vµ however; gi÷a so vµ therefore *but vµ however chØ sù ®èi lËp . Tuy nhiªn but kh«ng thÓ ®øng ®Çu c©u mµ chØ cã thÓ ®øng ë ®Çu vÕ thø hai trong mét c©u phøc. *so vµ therefore chØ kÕt qu¶ .Tuy nhiªn so kh«ng thÓ ®øng ®Çu c©u mµ chØ cã thÓ ®øng ë ®Çu vÕ thø hai trong mét c©u phøc. II: Adverbial clause of time * MÖnh ®Ò tr¹ng ng÷ chØ thêi gian ®ãng vai trß t-¬ng ®-¬ng víi tr¹ng ng÷ cña c©u. MÖnh ®Ò nµy kh«ng thÓ ®øng mét m×nh mµ ph¶i lu«n ®i kÌm víi mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh. *MÖnh ®Ò tr¹ng ng÷ chØ thêi gian th-êng b¾t ®Çu víi c¸c tõ sau: 1. When (khi) - When I was watching TV, it began to rain. 2. While ( trong khi) - While Tommy was having a bath, the telephone rang. 3. As ( khi) - As I was watching TV, it began to rain. 4. As soon as ( ngay khi) - As soon as I finish reading this book, I will return it to you. 5. Until ( cho ®Õn khi) - Please wait for me until I come back. 6. Before ( tr-íc khi) - You must remember to turn all lights off before you go out. 7. After ( sau khi ) - After my parents have dinner, they often watch TV till late at night. 8. Since ( tõ khi) - Since I move here, I have never met my next-door neiboor 9. As long as: (l©u chõng nµo) - You can stay here as long as you want to. NOTE: * Ng-êi ta kh«ng dïng th× t-¬ng lai trong mÖnh ®Ò chØ thêi gian.Khi mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh cã ®éng tõ ë th× t-¬ng lai th× trong mÖnh phô chØ thêi gian, ng-êi ta sÏ dïng: - Th× HTHT thay v× dïng th× TLHT. Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Th× HT§ thay v× dïng th× TL§ * Sau As vµ While ta hay dïng ®éng tõ th× tiÕp diÔn. Exercise1:Underline the correct option in each of the following sentences: 1. The school boy are in a hurry (not to/ in order not to) miss their school bus. 2. They were talking in whispers (so that/ so as) nobody could hear them. 3. My mother needs a tin opener(to open/ for opening) the bottles. 4. Advice is given (in order that / in order to) students can choose the best course. 5. You may put your money in a small coin bank (so that/ in order to) keep it safe. Exercise2: Fill each blank with BUT – SO – HOWEVER – THEREFORE where appropriate : 1. You could fly via Singapore, ................................, this isn’t the only way. 2.The boy was able to learn English , ........................ he is very lazy. 3.He didn’t attend the lesson , ................................... he could not do his homework. 4.The rice is 5000 dong per kilo, ............................... we bought 10 kilos. 5.Your son is heading the right direction, ........................ I think you should encourage him to learn harder. 6.It was midnight, ........................ the restaurant was still open. 7.It was midnight, ......................... they closed the restaurant and went home. 8.He had written her many times , but she didn’t give any reply , ......... they had been out of touch ever since. 9.We discussed the issue all day, ......................... we couldn’t come to a final conclusion. 10.It started to rain hard , ............................... we decided to stay at home to watch TV. 11.The wind was howling outside, ................................... it was warm and comfortable indoor. 12.The highway was under construction, .............................. we had to take a different route to work. 13. Jackson was going to study all night, ............................ he declined our invitation to dinner. 14,There is still much to discuss . We shall, ........................... , return to this item at our next meeting. 15. The holiday had been a complate disaster. We , ........................ , decide to fly home early if we could.. Exercise3: Choose the most correct option: 1. Mary jogs everyday ______ lose weight. A. so she can B. so that she can 2. We’ll be late ______ we hurry. A. if B. despite 3. She failed the test ______ she studied hard. A. although B. even though 4. You should bring an umbrella ______ it rains. A. if B. unless 5. He went on working ______ feeling unwell. A. although B. unless 6. They decided to go ______ the danger. A. because B. in spite of 7. ______ they lost, their fans gave them a big cheer. A. However B. In spite of C. because she can D. so that to C. unless D. when C. as D. A and B C. in case D. because of C. due to D. despite C. although D. so C. Although D. if Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 8. Jane has a computer, ______ she doesn’t use it. A. and B. since C. but 9. ______ we had got on the plane, it started to rain. A. If B. While C. Before 10. We have to wait ______ everybody else finishes their turn. A. when B. but C. so 11. Mark heard the news on the radio _______ he was driving home. A. while B. as C. until 12. What are you going to do _______ graduating from university? A. before B. after C. so 13. I am not so good at English, _______ I have to practice more. A. but B. so C. while 14. ______ the fact that she fail the exam, she didn’t look disappointed. A. although B. despite C. in spite of 15. We didn’t go to France last summer______ we couldn’t afford to. A. so B. when C. because Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên D. in spite of D. As soon as. D. until D. A and B D. because D. despite D. because of D. because of
