Project GLAD Shoreline School District Insects and Humans: Friends and Foes Level 2 Idea Pages I. UNIT THEME- Insects live in and depend on their habitat to provide them with air, food, water and space. Human activities might be good or bad for insects living in particular ecosystems. II. FOCUS/MOTIVATION III. Cross Cultural Sensitivity- the importance of people living in harmony with each other and with the natural world. Insect structures and behaviors Insect lifecycles Super Entomologist Awards Inquiry Chart: Insects Important Book About Insects Observation Charts Picture File Cards Video Clips Examine real insects CCD with Signal word Field trip to Pacific Science Center to see insect exhibits Nature walk to observe insects in their natural habitat CLOSURE Process all charts Portfolios: 3 pieces of writing- expository, narrative, poetry Teacher and student made quizzes and test Personal explorations with rubrics 3-D Insect Models-student made Team/Class Big Books Insect Journals Group Presentation of all team tasks Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 1 IV. CONCEPTS- Grade 2 Science (Washington State Standards) General Concepts: Insects have characteristic structures and behaviors. The structures of some insects change as the insect grows. Adult insects have six legs, three body parts (head, thorax, abdomen) and a pair of antennae. The lifecycle of some insects is called complete metamorphosis, which is an egg, larva, pupa and adult. The lifecycle of some insects is called incomplete metamorphosis, which is an egg, nymph stages and adult. Adult insects reproduce, which begins a new cycle, and eventually die. Offspring closely resemble their parents. Insects live in and depend on their habitat to provide them with air, food, water and space. Human activities might be good or bad for insects living in a particular ecosystem. Washington State Science Standards 2-3 SYSA 2-3 SYSB 2-3 SYSE 2-3 INQA 2-3 INQD 2-3 INQF 2-3 APPC 2-3 APPD 2-3 APPE 2-3 LS1B 2-3 LS2A A system is a group of interacting parts that form a whole. A whole object, plant, or animal may not continue to function the same way if some of its parts are missing. Similar parts may play different roles in different objects, plants, or animals. Scientific investigations are designed to gain knowledge about the natural world. Simple instruments, such as magnifiers provide more information than scientists can obtain using only their unaided senses. Scientists develop explanations, using observations (evidence) and what they already know about the world. Explanations should be based on evidence from investigations. People in all cultures around the world have always had problems and invented tools and techniques (ways of doing something) to solve problems. Tools help scientists see more, measure more accurately, and do things that they could not otherwise accomplish. Successful solutions to problems often depend on selection of the best tools and materials and on previous experience. Animals have life cycles that include being born; developing into juveniles, adolescents, then adults; reproducing (which begins a new cycle); and eventually dying. The details of the life cycle are different for different animals. Ecosystems support all life on the planet, including human life, by providing food, fresh water, and breathable air. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 2 2-3 LS2C 2-3 LS2D 2-3 LS3A 2-3LS3B 2-3 LS3C Some changes in ecosystems occur slowly and others occur rapidly. Changes can affect life forms, including humans. Humans impact ecosystems in both positive and negative ways. Humans can help improve the health of ecosystems so that they provide habitats for plants and animals and resources for humans over the long term. For example, if people use fewer resources and recycle waste, there will be fewer negative impacts on natural systems. There are variations among the same kinds of plants and animals. The offspring of a plant or animal closely resembles its parents, but close inspection reveals differences. Sometimes differences in characteristics give individual plants or animals an advantage in surviving and reproducing. Washington State Social Studies Standards 1.1.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.2.1 1.1.2 Understands the key ideal of public or common good within the context of the community. Understands and applies basic mapping elements such as compass rose, labels, and a key to read and construct maps that display information and neighborhoods or local communities. Understands the physical characteristics of places in the community. Understands that people in communities affect the environment as they meet their needs and wants. Applies the key ideal of the public or common good to uphold rights and responsibilities within the context of the community. Washington State Reading Standards 1.1. 1.2 1.3. 1.4 2.1. 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.4 4.1 4.2 Use word recognition skills and strategies to read and comprehend text. Use vocabulary (word meaning) strategies to comprehend text. Build vocabulary through wide reading. Apply word recognition skills and strategies to read fluently. Demonstrate evidence of reading comprehension. Understand and apply knowledge of text components to comprehend text. Expand comprehension by analyzing, interpreting, and synthesizing information and ideas in literary and informational text. Think critically and analyze author’s use of language, style, purpose, and perspective in literary and informational text. Read to learn new information. Read to perform a task. Read for literary experience in a variety of genres. Assess reading strengths and need for improvement. Develop interests and share reading experiences. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 3 Washington State Writing Standards 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 4.2 Pre-writes to generate ideas and plan writing. Produces draft(s). Revises to improve text. Edits text. Adapts writing for a variety of audiences. Writes for different purposes. Writes in a variety of forms/genres. Writes for career applications. Develops ideas and organizes writing. Uses appropriate style. Knows and applies writing conventions appropriate for the grade level. Analyzes and evaluates others' and own writing. Sets goals for improvement. Washington State Communication Standards 1.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 4.2 Uses listening and observation skills and strategies to focus attention and interpret information. Understands, analyzes, synthesizes, or evaluates information from a variety of sources. Uses language to interact effectively and responsibly in a multicultural context. Uses interpersonal skills and strategies in a multicultural context to work collaboratively, solve problems, and perform tasks. Uses skills and strategies to communicate interculturally. Uses knowledge of topic/theme, audience, and purpose to plan presentations. Uses media and other resources to support presentations. Uses effective delivery. Assesses effectiveness of one's own and others' communication. Sets goals for improvement. Washington State Mathematics Standards 2.3.C 3.5.C 3.5.E 3.6.I Measure the length to the nearest whole unit in both metric and U.S. customary units. Estimate, measure, and compare weight and mass, using appropriate-size U.S customary and metric units. Construct and analyze pictographs, fluency tables, line plots, and bar graphs. Summarize mathematical information, draw conclusions, and explain reasoning. Make and test conjectures based on data (or information) collected from explorations and experiments. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 4 Washington State Art Standards 1.1 Understands, applies and creates the visual arts elements of line, shape, form, color, value, texture and space in the production of a work of art. Understands and applies visual arts skills and techniques to create original works of art in two and/or three dimensions. 1.2 ELD Proficiency Levels K-2 K-2 Level 1 Beginning Advanced Beginning Listening/Speaking Very limited understanding of English Learns to distinguish and produce English phonemes Uses words, gestures, and actions Practices repetitive social greetings Imitates verbalizations of others to communicate: o Basic needs o Participate in discussions and activities o Respond to simple directions Uses words and/or phrases Uses appropriate social greetings Participates in social discussions on familiar topics Participates in academic discussions on familiar topics Develops correct word order in phrases Begins to use academic vocabulary Reading Expresses self using words, drawings, gestures, and actions to: o Sequence simple text o Answer literal questions o Make simple predictions Hears and produces familiar sounds Reads sight words Uses and comprehends highly contextualized vocabulary Listens to text read aloud Begins to understand concepts of print Expresses self using words and/or phrases to: o Identify characters o Identify setting o Compare and contrast Hears and produces familiar and unfamiliar sounds Increases sight vocabulary Uses word-meaning strategies Reads patterned and repetitive text Applies concepts of print Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) Writing Draws, labels, copies familiar words Writes to name, describe, or complete a list Begins to use invented spelling, capital letters, participates in group editing Identifies an intended audience Sequences pictures to assist with organization Participates in group writing process Writes sight words and phrases Demonstrates inconsistent use of: o Capitals o Punctuation o Correct spelling Identifies an intended audience Begins to write based on a model Brainstorms and writes rough draft Participates in group revision 5 K-2 Level 2 Intermediate Listening/Speaking Uses simple sentences with inconsistent use of syntax, tense, plurals, and subject/verb agreement: Recalls details in stories and expository text read aloud using cues Participates in social discussions Participates in academic discussions Begins to use academic vocabulary Selects appropriate social and academic vocabulary for different audiences with teacher guidance (register) Asks questions Level 3 Advanced Level 4 Transitional Has met criteria for exiting Transitional Bilingual Instructional Program (TBIP) Uses descriptive sentences with common grammatical forms with some errors Participates in social discussions Participates in academic discussions Retells stories using descriptive sentences Begins to use word patterns to determine the meaning of new words Uses appropriate social and academic vocabulary for different audiences with teacher guidance (register) Asks questions to clarify Speaks clearly and comprehensibly using standard English grammatical forms with occasional errors Gives oral presentations Uses appropriate social and academic vocabulary for different audiences (register) Reading Expresses self using simple sentences to: o Describe images from text o Connect text to prior knowledge Makes generalizations based on text Monitors for comprehension Produces unfamiliar sounds Decodes word patterns Reads sight words Reads familiar words in context Increases vocabulary through reading Uses text features to gain meaning Distinguishes between: o Fiction/non-fiction o Fact/opinion o Fantasy/reality Follows simple written directions (e.g., color, cut, glue) Expresses self using descriptive sentences to: o Identify theme o Recognize literary devices Uses a variety of strategies to monitor comprehension Recognizes phonemes within multi-syllabic words Uses word parts to determine word meanings Reads with increasing fluency Independently confirms word meanings Follows multi-step written directions Text increases in length and complexity Adjusts reading rate as appropriate Uses academic vocabulary, uses multiple meaning words appropriately Follows increasingly complex written directions Reads and comprehends grade level text Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) Writing Writes simple sentences Demonstrates increasing control of: o Capitals o Punctuation o Correct spelling Writes for self, family, friends, and teacher Writes individually and in a group process Uses simple and descriptive sentences Begins to adjust register for different audiences Uses grade level conventions inconsistently Needs assistance in editing and revising Uses academic vocabulary across content areas Uses standard grammar and conventions with teacher support as needed 6 V. VOCABULARY abdomen adult air ant antennae bug butterfly caterpillar chirping chrysalis classify cricket darkling beetle dead describe dropping ecosystem egg entomologist evidence extinct exoskeleton female foes food habitat harmful hatch head helpful insect investigate larva leg life cycle living magnifiers male mating mealworm metamorphosis migration milkweed bugs molt nectar nymph observations organisms oviparous painted lady pollination proboscis pupa pupate research space sort thorax tunnel waste water wing “Kid Friendly” Vocabulary Definitions Abdomen- the bottom part of an insect’s body. Adult- a fully grown/mature insect. Air- a colorless, odorless gas in the atmosphere. Ant- social insects that live in colonies. Antennae- a flexible attachment on the head of an insect used to feel things. Bug- another name for an insect. Butterfly- an insect that can fly and has four wings covered with scales. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 7 Caterpillar- a young butterfly or moth that has just hatched out of its egg. Chirping- a short, sharp sound made by some insects. Chrysalis- a firm case or cocoon that contains the pupa of certain kinds of insects, especially moths and butterflies. Cricket- a jumping insect known for its long antennae. Darkling beetle- a brown or black beetle. The larvae are called mealworms and they feed on decaying plants, fungi or stored grain. Dead- no longer living. Describe- to tell about something through writing or speaking. Ecosystem- interaction of a community of organisms within their environment. Egg- the oval or round reproductive body laid by the female insects. Entomologist- a scientist who studies insects. Evidence- information that tends to prove something. Exoskeleton- a protective skeleton on the outside of an insect’s body. Extinct- the end of an organism or group of living things. Female- one that can produce babies, a girl Foes- an enemy Food- nourishment that is eaten Habitat- the area where an organism lives Hatch- to emerge or break out of an egg Head- the uppermost part of the body Insect- an arthropod with 6 legs, 3 body parts Larva – (lar·va n)- the wingless worm-shaped form of many insects Leg – (leg n) - any of the limbs that animals use for standing, walking, running, or jumping Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 8 Life cycle – (life cy·cle n)- the growth and changes a living organism goes through from its beginning of life to its death Living – alive, not dead Magnifier – (mag·ni·fy v)- a tool that makes something appear larger than it is, especially a microscope or lens Male – men or boys Mating – when a male and female animal come together for breeding to produce young Mealworm – the larva of the darkling beetle Metamorphosis – (met·a·mor·pho·sis n) - a complete change in the form of an animal as it develops into an adult, for example, the change from caterpillar to butterfly Migration – (mi·gra·tion n) when a group of animals move together from one region or area to another Milkweed bugs Molt – to shed skin Nectar – (nec·tar n) the sweet liquid that flowering plants produce (as a way of attracting the insects that assist in pollination) Nymph - the larva of some insects that looks like the adult, for example the dragonfly or grasshopper nymph looks like a little adult Observations – (ob·ser·va·tion n)- the attentive watching and recording of something Pollination (pol·li·nate vt)-to transfer pollen from the male structure of a plant (such as the anther) to the female structure of a plant (such as the stigma), and fertilize it Organism – a living thing such as a plant or animal Oviparous – animals that lay eggs Painted lady – a type of butterfly Proboscis – (pro·bos·cis n) the long or tubular mouthparts of certain insects for feeding, sucking, and other purposes Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 9 Pupa – (pu·pa n)-an insect at the stage between a larva and an adult in complete metamorphosis, during which the insect is in a cocoon or case, stops feeding, and undergoes internal changes Pupate – (pu·pate vi)-to develop from a larva into a pupa Space – an area for an animal to move around in Thorax- the middle part of the body of an insect Tunnel- an underground passageway Waste- the undigested remainder of food expelled from the body Water- the clear liquid needed for animals to live and found in the form of rain, snow, ice, in lakes or rivers Wing-a limb on an insect used for flying Helpful- willing to provide assistance Harmful- causing damage or injury Encarta® World English Dictionary © 1999 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Developed for Microsoft by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. VI. RESOURCES AND MATERIALS Non-fiction Allen, Judy and Humphries, Tudor- Backyard Books Are you a Ladybug? Are you an Ant? Are you a Bee? Are you a Butterfly? Are you a Dragonfly? Campbell, Brant and Lori Fulton- Science Notebooks: Writing About Inquiry Crenson, Victoria- The Nature Sticker Book of INSECTS Delta Education- Butterflies and Moths Faulkner, Keith- Zoom in on BUGS Heiligman, Deborah- From Caterpillar to Butterfly Murphy, Patricia- Investigating Insects with a Scientist Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 10 Miller, Connie- Mostquitoes Nelson, Kristin- Busy Ants Prishchmann, Deirdre- Beetles Fiction Bulion Leslie- Hey There, Stink Bug Bunting, Eve- The Butterfly House Cannon, Janell- Crickwing Capeci, Anne- The Magic School Bus: Insect Invaders Carl, Eric- The Very Quiet Cricket Carl, Eric-The Very Hungry Caterpillar Cronin, Doreen- Diary of a Worm McDonald, Megan- Insects Are My Life Milbourne, Anna-Usborne Aesop’s Fables Van Allsburg, Chris- Two Bad Ants White, Nancy- The Magic School Bus: Butterfly Battle Poetry Florian, Douglas- Insectopedia Fleming, Denise- Beetle Bop Technology http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/kids/ www.enchantedlearning.com/ http://www.biokids.umich.edu/ http://www.enature.com/home/ http://www.amentsoc.org/insects/what-bug-is-this/ http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/alien-empire/introduction/3409/ http://www.insectlore.com/xlorepedia_stuff/lorepedia_index.html http://www.learner.org/jnorth/index.html http://www.fossweb.com http://www.monarchwatch.org/ KidsPix Kidspiration Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 11 Project GLAD Shoreline School District Insects and Humans: Friends and Foes Level 2 Planning Pages I. FOCUS/MOTIVATION Super Entomologist Awards 3 Personal Standards CCD with signal word Inquiry Chart Important Book About Insects Observation Charts Picture File Cards Video Clips Examine real insects and realia II. INPUT Graphic Organizer: Six Kingdoms of Living Things Narrative Input-The Very Quiet Cricket Pictorial Input-Mealworms Comparative Input-Complete and Incomplete Metamorphosis –butterfly and cricket Read Aloud with 10/2 lecture III. GUIDED PRACTICE T-Graph for Social Skills/Team Points: Cooperation Picture File Cards of insects- observe, categorize, classify, label Exploration Report Found Poetry Poetry/songs/chants Sentence Patterning Chart- noun: insects o Read & Trade Game o Flip Chant Personal Interactions 10/2 Lecture Numbered heads together Expert Groups- (Ants, Butterflies, Mosquitoes, Locusts) Mind maps Process Grid Reader’s Theater Flexible Groups-ELD review Daily review and processing charts Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 12 IV. READING/WRITING 1. Whole Class - Cooperative Strip Paragraph - Poetry Frames - Found Poetry - Narrative Story Map - Listen & Sketch -Strip Book -Process Grid -Mind Map -Big Book 2. Flexible Groups - Team Tasks - Ear-to-ear reading - Guided reading - Group Frame for ELD student generated text -Flexible groupings: leveled and heterogeneous - Clunkers & Links with SQ3R - Coop-Strip Paragraph- Emergent/Struggling -Expert Groups - Reader’s Theater 3. Individual - Individual tasks - Interactive Journals - Home/School Connection - Learning Log - Narrative Writing, expository writing, poetry writing - Reading/writing choices: picture file cards, add to charts, make word cards, highlight poetry booklets, flip chant 4. Writer’s Workshop - Mini Lesson - Write - Author’s Chair - Conference - Publish V. EXTENTED ACTIVITIES Create your own make believe insect and be sure to include 3 body parts and designing the life cycle by using the computer. Illustrate you narrative story Set up an ant farm Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 13 VI. CLOSURE/EVALUATION Re-visit Inquiry chart Student made big book Team Task Presentations Portfolios Group Frames and Learning Logs Team Exploration Teacher/Student Make Rubrics Personal Exploration Team Action Plan Teacher and student made quizzes Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 14 Sample Daily Lesson Plan DAY 1: FOCUS/MOTIVATION 3 Personal Standards and Super Entomologist Awards Cognitive Content Dictionary (CCD)-Signal Word-entomologist Observation Charts with Realia Inquiry Chart-What do you know about insects? What do you want to know about insects? Read Aloud Big Book –The Important Book About Insects Personal Interaction: How do insects and humans help or harm each other? How do humans help or harm insects? Portfolios INPUT Graphic Organizer: Six Kingdoms of Living Things o 10/2 lecture with primary language/Scouts o ELD Review o Learning Log Text: Write or sketch something you learned about at least one of the Six Kingdoms You: Write or sketch something you already knew about organisms or write about something you’re still wondering about. GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE INPUT Poetry/Chant-Here There Chant T-Graph for Social Skills/Team Points: Cooperation Picture File Cards- sort activity o Free exploration o Classify/categorize o Exploration Report Pictorial Input Chart: Mealworm o 10/2 lecture with primary language o ELD Review o Learning Log Text: Write or sketch something you learned about mealworms You: What do you think is most interesting about mealworms? Read Aloud Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 15 GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE Poetry/Chant-Bugaloo READING/WRITING CLOSURE Interactive Journals Writer’s Workshop o Mini lesson o Free Choice Writing o Conferencing o Author’s Chair Flexible Reading Groups Home School Connection Process Charts DAY 2 FOCUS/MOTIVATION CCD-New Signal word-metamorphosis 3 Personal Standards and Awards//Scouts Share Home/School Connection Review Input: Six Kingdoms w/word cards Chants-highlighting/sketching/picture file cards –Bugaloo & Here, There Review Pictorial Input: Mealworm w/word cards INPUT Narrative Input Chart –The Very Quiet Cricket o Learning Log/10/2 lecture with primary language o ELD Review Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 16 GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE Chant-Is this Complete Metamorphosis? Yes, Ma’am Process T-Graph-cooperation READING/WRITING Interactive Journals Writer’s Workshop o Mini-lesson o Free-choice writing o Conferencing o Author’s chair Team Tasks (Six Kingdoms, Pictoral Input of Mealworm) Expert Groups o Ants o Butterflies Flexible Reading Groups Home-school connection Process Inquiry Chart CLOSURE DAY 3 FOCUS/MOTIVATION Cognitive Content Dictionary w/new signal word-students vote for stumper word Super Scientist Awards/Scouts Process Home/School Connection Review input charts with word cards, narrative with cards and conversation bubbles Big Book- The Important Thing About Insects Chants-highlight, sketch, add picture file cards –Yes, Ma’am Complete Metamorphosis GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 17 Sentence Patterning Chart/Farmer-in-the-Dell (Insects) o Reading Game o Trading Game o Flip Chant Chant- Incomplete Metamorphosis Yes, Ma’am Mind Map of Mealworms Process Grid: Mealworms & Expert Groups READING/WRITING * Cooperative Strip Paragraph-topic sentence: Insects are scientific in many ways. o Respond o Revise o Edit Writer’s Workshop Flexible Group Reading o Advanced Readers“Clunkers and Links” Interactive Journals Finish Expert Groups o Mosquitoes o Locusts CLOSURE Process Inquiry Chart Home/School Connections DAY 4 FOCUS/MOTIVATION Cognitive Content Dictionary-new signal word-habitat Super Scientist Awards/Scouts Process Home-School Connection Process Chants- Incomplete Metamorphosis Yes, Ma’am-highlight, sketch, add picture file cards Interest Piece (newspaper article-bees) Personal Interaction: Why are insects important to humans? GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE Chant-Marine Cadence Review Narrative with Story Map Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 18 READING/WRITING Flexible group reading- ELD story retell Oral Team Evaluation (from T-Graph) Team Tasks (team points-audience input from teacher) Writing Workshop o Mini lesson o Conferencing o Author’s chair * Team Presentation of a completed Team Task CLOSURE Poetry/chant Home/School Connection DAY 5: FOCUS/MOTIVATION CCD with stumper word Super Scientist Awards/Scouts Chant-I Can Spell Process Marine Cadence READING/WRITING Flexible groups o Reading with coop strip paragraph-struggling /emergent o Primary language group frame o Team Tasks: evaluation and presentation Found Poetry Poetry Frame Read Aloud/Listen & Sketch GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE Chants Listen and sketch READING/WRITING Writer’s workshop Ear-to-Ear reading poetry booklet Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 19 Focused Reading Metacognition of learning/evaluation of the week Process Inquiry charts Letter Home o Take portfolio home o Read/share with parents CLOSURE * Team Feud Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 20 An entomologist is a person who studies insects. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this pic ture. Metamorphosis is when an insect changes from a larva to an adult. Name__________________ Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 21 The Important Thing About Insects The important thing about insects is that they live in and depend on their habitat to provide them with air, food, water, and space. Even though there are many types of insects they all belong to the insect family. The majority of the animals on earth are insects. All insects are oviparous; they lay eggs. But, the important thing about insects is that they live in and depend on their habitat to provide them with air, food, water, and space. The important thing about insects is that they live in and depend on their habitat to provide them with air, food, water, and space. Insects live in many different types of habitats from the rainforest to the desert. Human activities might be good or bad for insects living in particular ecosystems. Insects and humans are sometimes friends and sometimes foes. But, the important thing about insects is that they live in and depend on their habitat to provide them with air, food, water, and space. The important thing about insects is that they live in and depend on their habitat to provide them with air, food, water, and space. The structures of insects change as an insect grows. Adult insects have a head, thorax, and abdomen. Insects have a pair of antennae on their head and many insects have wings. Some insects with wings are bees, butterflies, and mosquitoes. But, the important thing about insects is that they live in and depend on their habitat to provide them with air, food, water, and space. The important thing about insects is that they live in and depend on their habitat to provide them with air, food, water, and space. The lifecycle of some insects is called complete metamorphosis, which is an egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Insects that have a complete metamorphosis include beetles, butterflies, and bees. The lifecycle of other insects is called incomplete metamorphosis, which is an egg, nymph stage, and adult. An example of an insect with incomplete metamorphosis is the milkweed bug. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 22 But, the important thing about insects is that they live in and depend on their habitat to provide them with air, food, water, and space. The important thing about insects is that they live in and depend on their habitat to provide them with air, food, water, and space. Insects can be harmful to humans. In some species of mosquito, the females feed on human blood and can therefore spread infectious diseases to humans. Insects are also helpful to humans in many ways. Both adult and larvae ladybugs feed on insect pests, such as aphids, that eat plants. One ladybug can eat as many as 50 aphids a day! But, the important thing about insects is that they live in and depend on their habitat to provide them with air, food, water, and space. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 23 Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 24 Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 25 Six Kingdoms of Living Things Background Information Taxonomic ranking – the hierarchy of biological classifications. There are 8 major taxonomic ranks for living things: Domain, Kingdom, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. There are 6 Kingdoms of living things. Kingdoms contain one or more phyla. Organisms are placed in a Kingdom based on their cell structure and their ability to make food or not. Kingdom #1 – Archaebacteria (archae-the study of ancient things) Archaebacteria are microscopic one-celled (the smallest living things) organisms found in extreme environments such as hot boiling water in hot springs, inside volcanoes in Pacific Ocean vents, and in the Great Salt Lake. They live in anaerobic environments (where no oxygen is present) and help to break things down in the environment. Kingdom #2 – Eubacteria Eubacteria include most types of bacteria (one-celled and complex) and are found everywhere. There are “good” bacteria such as the beneficial bacteria in yogurt (example- “activia”). There are also “bad” bacteria that can cause you to get sick such as the streptococci bacteria. Streptococci bacteria can give you strep throat. Kingdom #3 – Protista One-celled and complex the Protista includes all microscopic organisms that are not bacteria, not animals, not plants, and not fungi. Protista includes the slime mold, algae (green in freshwater and red in salt water), and seaweed. Protista absorb, ingest, or use photosynthesis to get food. Kingdom #4 – Fungi Fungi include yeast, mold, and mushrooms. Multi-cellular and unable to make their own food, Fungi feed on dead plants. Some Fungi are edible and taste great such as some mushrooms. Other Fungi are poisonous and can kill you. Kingdom #5 – Plantae Plantae includes all plants from tiny mosses to giant trees (over 250,000 species). This is the second largest kingdom. Plants are all multi-cellular and make their own food through photosynthesis. Plants feed almost all the organisms that eat other organisms. Kingdom #6 – Animalia The largest kingdom with over one million known species. Animals are found in the most diverse environments in the world. They are all multi-cellular and heterotrophic (obtaining nourishment by digesting plant or animal matter as opposed to photosynthesizing food, as plants do). A. Invertebrates – animals without a backbone Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 26 1. Phylum Annelida- includes the segmented worms such as earthworms, ragworms, bristleworms, and leeches. Earthworms are useful as fishing bait. They eat vegetable matter and create new soil to be used by plants. Leeches attach to animals and suck their blood. 2. Phylum Porifera – includes the sponges. Something that is porous has lots of holes for water to pour through. As water pours through the body of the sponge, it obtains food and oxygen and removes waste. Sponges have interesting shapes and colors. They are mainly stationary. 3. Phylum Echinodermata – includes sand dollars, sea stars, sea cucumbers, and sea urchins. Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata) are a phylum of marine animals including about 7,000 species. They are found at every ocean depth and are the largest phylum that has no freshwater or terrestrial representatives. The word is derived from the Greek echinodermata, meaning "spiny skin". They have radial symmetry. 4. Phylum Coelenterata – includes jellyfish, sea anenome, and coral. The Greek koilos means “full-bellied”. They have a hollow body cavity, no brain, and rely on water to flow through their body cavity for digestion and respiration. They are predators with sticky tentacles that help them catch their prey. Some jellyfish are toxic and can kill people (Australia has toxic jellyfish). 5. Phylum Mollusca – includes snails, scallops, muscles, oysters, barnacles, octopus, and squid. Mollusca usually have a shell and a soft body. There are 110,000 species. They are very diverse living on land as well as in fresh water and salt water. Snails have a muscular foot for movement. Some mollusks have long tentacle arms. They filter feed on tiny plants and animals with beak-like mouths. 6. Phylum Arthropoda – have segmented bodies, jointed legs, and an exoskeleton, a skeleton on the outside of their body. There are 10,000 species. a. Class Crustaceans- crabs, lobsters, pill bugs. b. Class Arachnids – spiders. c. Class Insecta – all insects. B. Phylum Chordata – backbone vertebrates 1. Class Mammalia- have hair or fur, are warm-blooded, produce milk (have mammary glands), maintain a near constant body temperature, and have live birth. 2. Class Osteicthys- bony fish (less flexible than the cartilaginous fish such as shark), have a swim bladder (keeps them afloat), most have scales and fins, have gills for breathing. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 27 3. Class Aves – birds such as seagulls and pelicans, 8,000 species, the only animals with feathers and beaks instead of teeth, most are capable of flight (light-weight bones), lay eggs, and have excellent sight and hearing. 4. Class Reptilia – includes turtles, snakes, lizards, crocodiles, and alligators, are cold-blooded, their activity is halted in cold weather, oviparous (lay hard leathery eggs), have dry-scaly skin. 5. Class Amphibia – includes frogs, toads, and salamanders, start life in fresh water and later live on land, lay soft jelly-like eggs in water, larva breathe through gills, adults breathe air, thin moist scale-less skin, external ears, and cold-blooded (their body temperature varies with the surroundings). Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 28 Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 29 Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 30 Narrative Input Story: Adapted by Sheryl Lundahl from Eric Carle’s The Very Quiet Cricket Page 1 – One warm day, from a tiny egg a little cricket was born in a grassy meadow. Page 2 – Welcome! chirped a big cricket, rubbing his wings together. The little cricket wanted to answer, so he rubbed his wings together. But nothing happened. Not a sound. Page 3 - Good morning! whizzed a locust, spinning through the air. Want to eat in the farmer’s field? The little cricket wanted to answer, so he rubbed his wings together. But nothing happened. Not a sound. Page 4 – Hello! chewed a ladybug, crawling on a leaf. Want to munch on some aphids? The little cricket wanted to answer, so he rubbed his wings together. But nothing happened. Not a sound. Page 5 – How are you? hummed a bumblebee, flying from flower to flower. Want to sip some sweet nectar? The little cricket wanted to answer, so he rubbed his wings together. But nothing happened. Not a sound. Page 6 – Good night! buzzed the mosquitoes, dancing among the stars. Want to suck some blood? The little cricket wanted to answer, so he rubbed his wings together. But nothing happened. Not a sound. Page 7 – A luna moth sailed quietly through the night. And the cricket enjoyed the stillness. Page 8 – As the luna moth disappeared silently into the distance, the cricket saw another cricket. She, too, was a very quiet cricket. Then he rubbed his wings together one more time. And this time . . . Page 9 – he chirped the most beautiful sound that she had ever heard. (If possible at the end of the story, open Eric Carle’s book, The Very Quiet Cricket, for students to hear the sound of a cricket or play a recording of a cricket chirping.) Foreword by Eric Carle: There are four thousand different kinds of crickets. Some live underground, others above. Some live in shrubs or trees, and some even live in water. Both male and female crickets can hear, but only the male can make a sound. By rubbing his wings together he chirps. Some people say that it sounds like a song! Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 31 tiny egg “Welcome!” “Welcome! ” Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 32 “Want to eat in the farmer’s field?” “What to munch on some aphids?” Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 33 “Want to sip some nectar?” “Want to suck some blood?” Luna Moth He rubbed his wings together one more time. And this time…………….. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 34 He chirped the most beautiful sound that she had ever heard. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 35 INSECT POETRY BOOKLET NAME______________ Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 36 Insects Here, Insects There By Jillian Stoknes Insects here, insects there, Insects, insects everywhere! Busy insects pollinating. Wiggly insects burrowing. Spotted insects migrating and social insects working. Insects in the open air, Insects on the ground everywhere, Insect colonies in a mound, Insects underneath the ground. Insects here, insects there Insects, insects everywhere! Insects! Insects! Insects! Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 37 Complete Metamorphosis Yes Ma’am By Jillian Stoknes Full metamorphosis? Full metamorphosis? Well, how do you know? Well, how do you know? Give me some examples. Give me some examples. Complete Ma’am! Complete Ma’am! An egg turns to larva. The larva eats and molts. Caterpillar, Butterfly Maggots change to flies. Full metamorphosis? Full metamorphosis? Well, how do you know? Well, how do you know? Give me some examples. Give me some examples. Complete Ma’am! Complete Ma’am! A case around the larva. It’s the pupa stage. Forming a chrysalis Creating a cocoon Full metamorphosis? Full metamorphosis? Well, how do you know? Well, how do you know? Give me some examples. Give me some examples. Complete Ma’am! Complete Ma’am! Emerging an adult. 3 body parts Beetles, bees, and moths Silkworms and ants. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 38 Simple Metamorphosis Yes Ma’am By Jillian Stoknes Simple metamorphosis? Simple metamorphosis? Well, how do you know? Well. how do you know? Give me some examples. Give me some examples. Yes Ma’am! Yes Ma’am! Eggs turn into nymphs Nymphs look like adults Grasshoppers and dragonflies Cockroaches and locusts. Simple metamorphosis? Simple metamorphosis? Well, how do you know? Well, how do you know? Give me some examples. Give me some examples Yes Ma’am! Yes Ma’am! The nymphs have exoskeleton They shed the exoskeleton Crickets and cicadas Milkweed bugs and aphids Simple metamorphosis? Simple metamorphosis? Well, how do you know? Well, how do you know? Give me some examples. Give me some example. Yes Ma’am! Yes Ma’am! Nymphs become adults Females lay the eggs. Bedbugs and leaf bugs Stink bugs and water bugs. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 39 Insect Cadence By Jillian Stoknes We just know what we’ve been told, Insects bite the young and old. Buzzing here and buzzing there, Oh, diseases everywhere. Sound off-Insects! Sound off-Illness! 1-2-3-4, No more! Locusts can destroy our crops Swarming insects plant stems drop All around is devastation I see famine and starvation. Sound Off-Insects Sound Off-Swarming 1-2-3-4, No more! Insects can be helpful too Honey’s made for me and you Beeswax, candles, and soft lotions Great things come from pollination. Sound Off-Insects Sound Off-Pollinating 1-2-3-4, Some more! Ladybugs kill garden pests They eat aphids, they’re the best. Flying down onto your arm Ladybug’s a good luck charm. Sound Off-Insects Sound Off- Ladybugs 1-2-3-4, Good Luck! Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 40 I CAN SPELL I can spell insect, i-n-s-e-c-t. I can spell bug, b-u-g. I can spell egg, e-g-g. But I can’t spell metamorphosis. I can spell larva, l-a-r-v-a. I can spell pupa, p-u-p-a. I can spell adult, a-d-u-l-t. But I can’t spell metamorphosis. I can spell ant, a-n-t. I can spell, b-e-e. I can spell fly, f-l-y. But I can’t spell metamorphosis. Yes, I can! Yes, I can! M-E-T-A-M-O-R-P-H-O-S-I-S, metamorphosis! By Sheryl Lundahl Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 41 Entomologist Bugaloo Adapted by Sheryl Lundahl I’m an entomologist and I’m here to say I study all about insects everyday. Starting with an egg, The insects life will begin Then the larva hatches And the eating is in! Head, thorax, abdomen too, Doin’ the entomologist bugaloo! The larva grows and grows and molts and molts. Then the pupa is quiet But this stage will bolt! . Head, thorax, abdomen too, Doin’ the entomologist bugaloo! The adult emerges and It lays eggs. Then we start the life cycle All over again! Head, thorax, abdomen too, Doin’ the entomologist bugaloo. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 42 Home-School Connection Take a walk around your home or neighborhood. Look for insects or evidence of insects such as holes in leaves or cocoons. Make a list of your discoveries and sketch or write your predictions as to what kind of insect may have been there. Student signature: ___________________________________ Date:________ Parent signature: ____________________________________ Date:________ Comments: Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 43 Home-School Connection Interview your family and ask them if they have an insect story. Write or sketch to go with the insect story. Student signature: ___________________________________ Date:________ Parent signature: ____________________________________ Date:________ Comments: Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 44 Home-School Connection Tell your family about the story The Very Quiet Cricket. Write or sketch pictures to show your favorite part and explain why this is your favorite part. Student signature: ___________________________________ Date:________ Parent signature: ____________________________________ Date:________ Comments: Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 45 Home-School Connection Together with your family, make up an insect and give it a name. Remember insects have three body parts; a head, a thorax, an abdomen as well as six legs and two antennae. Will your insect fly or just crawl around? Write or sketch about what is created. Student signature: ___________________________________ Date:________ Parent signature: ____________________________________ Date:________ Comments: Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 46 Expert Groups: Butterflies Physical Characteristics: Butterflies are beautiful, flying insects with two pairs of large, colorful wings. Like all insects they have six legs, three body parts, a pair of antennae and an exoskeleton. They also have a mouth called a proboscis that works like a drinking straw. Butterflies drink nectar through the proboscis. Butterflies smell and touch with their antennae. Habitat: Butterflies live all over the world in many different habitats. Most butterflies live in tropical areas where many plants provide food for caterpillars and nectar for butterflies. Butterflies are usually seen around flowers and flowering shrubs and trees. They need the warmth of the sun in order to fly. Therefore, many butterflies migrate in order to avoid cold weather. The monarch butterfly migrates thousands of miles. Diet: Caterpillars spend most of their time eating leaves using strong jaws. A caterpillar’s first meal is its own eggshell. Adult butterflies can only sip liquid food using a tube-like proboscis, which is a long flexible tongue. Most butterflies live on nectar from flowers. Some butterflies sip the liquid from rotting fruits. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 47 Life Cycle: Butterflies go through complete metamorphosis where they go through four different stages. They start as an egg that is often laid on a leaf. The larva or caterpillar hatches from the egg and begins to eat leaves and flowers. As the larva gets bigger it begins to shed its skin. This is called molting. Next, the larva turns into a pupa or chrysalis. During this stage the insect is changing into an adult insect. Finally, the adult butterfly comes out from the chrysalis. The adult butterfly lives for only a short time. Relationship with Humans: Butterflies are well known for their beauty. They provide food for many other animals and they are active pollinators of flowers which is important in maintaining plant growth. But, the larvae can be harmful if they eat crops. Butterfly populations are disappearing and are in danger because humans destroy their habitat, pollute the air and contribute to global warming. There are groups of people who are working to make sure butterflies do not become extinct. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 48 Expert groups: Ants Physical Characteristics: Ants have three main body parts including the head, thorax and the abdomen. Ants touch things with their two, long antennae attached to their head. They also use their antennae to detect flavors, sounds and smells. Ants also use their antennae to communicate with one another. Ants have six legs located on the thorax. They have very skinny waists to crawl through tiny spaces. Ants can be yellow, brown, red or black. Habitat: Ants can be found all around the world in different types of habitats. Many ant species are found in rain forests. Ants build many types of homes such as simple hills out of dirt or sand. In Africa, the hills can grow to be over twenty feet tall! Beneath the anthills are many rooms and tunnels. Some rooms are reserved just for the queen while others rooms are for the eggs or food. Diet: Ants will eat almost anything. They will eat most fruits, vegetables and plants they can find. Ants will eat smaller ants and eat the meat off of dead insects and other small creatures. Some ants eat fungus. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 49 Life Cycle: The life cycle of the ant has four stages including egg, larva, pupa and adult. Ant eggs are oval shaped and tiny. When the eggs hatch into larvae they look like small worms with no eyes or legs. The larvae molt (shed their skin) many times as they get bigger. After getting big the larva spins a silk-like cocoon around itself and turns into a pupa. During this time the body changes into an adult. Finally, the pupa comes out as an adult ant. Queen ants can live over 15 years and worker ants can live to 7 years. Relationship with Humans: Ants can be helpful to humans because they clear out insect pests. Ants and their larvae are eaten in many parts of the world. They are also used as characters in children’s stories because they work hard and use teamwork. Ants can also be pests to humans because they come into homes and eat human food. The carpenter ant comes into homes and makes holes in the wood to live in. Fire ants are pests because they have a powerful sting. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 50 Expert Groups: Locusts Physical Characteristics: Locusts are related to grasshoppers and the two insects look very much the same. Like grasshoppers, locusts have two antenna, six legs, a pair of wings, and three body parts, a head, thorax, and abdomen. They also have an exoskeleton, which means that their skeleton is on the outside. Locust behavior is different from other grasshoppers. If the conditions are right, they can form swarms, large groups of adult locust. Habitat: Locusts live in many different habitats in the world including deserts and grasslands. A habitat provides the air, food, water, and space for plants and animals to survive. One type of locust lives in the deserts of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. This desert locust is the most destructive to farmlands in Africa. Diet: Nymph and adult locust are herbivores, which means that they eat plants. A swarm of locust can travel great distances, quickly stripping fields and greatly damaging crops. It is estimated that the largest swarms have covered hundreds of square miles and consisted of many billions of locusts. A swarm of locust can eat millions of pounds of plants every day. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 51 Life Cycle: The female locust lays an egg pod one to two inches underground. The egg pod contains several dozens of tightly packed eggs that look like thin rice grains. Insects that lay eggs are called oviparous. The eggs stay underground through the winter, and hatch when the weather has warmed. The first nymph to hatch tunnels up through the ground, and the rest follow. Nymphs molt several times while getting larger in body and wing size until they reach adult size. This type of life cycle is called incomplete metamorphosis. Relationship with Humans: Locust can be harmful and helpful to humans. A plague of locusts is considered a devastating natural disaster. Farmers fear huge swarms of locust because they are capable of stripping a field in a matter of hours. When locusts destroy crops they cause major problems for people such as famine and starvation. Some people in the world consider locusts to be an edible insect and a delicacy. They are eaten as a good source of protein in parts of Africa, Mexico, and South Korea. In Mexico, for example, after locusts are collected, they are placed in water for 24 hours. Then they can be boiled or eaten raw, sun-dried, fried, or flavored with spices, such as garlic and onions. They are used in soup or other dishes and sold in market places. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 52 Expert Groups: Mosquitoes Physical Characteristics: There are about 3,000 species of mosquitoes. Some have longer legs or antennae than others have. Some are colored differently. Despite the different kinds, all adult mosquitoes have six legs, three body parts, a pair of antennae, and an exoskeleton. They also have a straw-like mouth called a proboscis but only female mosquitoes have the mouth parts needed for sucking blood. Habitat: Mosquitoes live in many different habitats around the world such as mountains, forests, and wetlands. A habitat provides the air, food, water, and space for plants and animals to survive. Mosquito larvae need water to grow and hatch. To find mosquito larva look outside for standing water in old tires, birdbaths, or a pond. Larvae look like little wiggly worms with big heads. Diet: For food, both adult male and female mosquitoes eat nectar and other plant sugars. Female mosquitoes suck animal blood not for food for themselves but for their eggs. They prefer sucking the blood of horses, cattle, and birds. When biting with their proboscis, the female mosquito stabs two tubes into the skin. One tube stops blood from clotting and the other sucks blood leaving a small red lump on your skin. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 53 Life Cycle: The mosquito life cycle is a complete metamorphosis with four distinct stages. The four stages are egg, larva, pupa, and adult. After drinking blood, adult females lay a raft of 40 to 400 tiny white eggs in standing water or very slow-moving water. Within a week, the eggs hatch into larvae that breathe air through tubes, which they poke above the surface of the water. Larvae molt four times as they grow; after the fourth molt, they are called pupae. Pupae also live near the surface of the water, breathing through two horn-like tubes on their back. Pupae do not eat. An adult emerges from a pupa when the skin splits after a few days. The adult lives for only a few weeks. Relationship with Humans: On summer evenings or dewy mornings, mosquitoes can leave you with itchy red welts where they've punctured your skin and sucked blood. The whiny hum of their buzzing wings can wake you up at night. Worst of all, mosquitoes transmit diseases such as malaria and yellow fever. They carry the West Nile virus, which is now spreading across the United States. All of these diseases can kill people. The more we know about mosquitoes, scientists say, the better we'll be able to control them and prevent disease. To kill mosquitoes people often spray insecticides, which can be harmful to the environment. It is important to remember that mosquitoes provide food for thousands of animals, including birds, bats, dragonflies, and frogs. Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 54 Name___________________ Insect Mind Map Habitat Lifecycle Diet ________________ Physical Characteristics Relationship with Humans Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 1 Insect Physical Characteristics Habitat Food Life Cycle Relationship with Humans Mealworm Ant Butterfly Mosquito Locust Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) 1 Physical Characteristics Habitat Egg: oval, white Larva: dark yellow with brown lines Pupa: white, cream, large head Adult: beetle, black, 6 legs, head, thorax, abdomen Egg: oval, tiny Larva: wormlike, no eyes, no legs Pupa: silk cocoon Adult: yellow, brown, red, black Fields where there are seeds. Barns with grain. Cool, dark places. All around the world, All over the world, In rainforests Live in colonies. Butterfly Large, scaly wings, six legs, 3 body parts, antennae Mosquito Six legs, antennae, 3 body parts, exoskeleton, proboscis is for sucking blood (females only). All over the world, but most found in tropical areas. Many migrate away from the cold Mountains, Nectar, forests, plant wetlands sugars, animal blood for their eggs. Mealworm Ant Food Life Cycle Relationship with humans Leaves, grasses, dead insects, wheat germ, decaying food. Complete metamorphosis: egg, larva, pupa, adult beetle The adult lives only a few weeks Clean up decaying material. Food for other animals like birds, lizards Eat seedlings and grains. Sugary foods, dead insects, fungus. Complete metamorphosis Egg, larva, pupa, adult Some ants have a stinger. Ants can bite humans. Carpenter ants damage wood by creating tunnels. Caterpillars Complete Important eat leaves. metamorphosis: pollinators of Adults can egg, flowering only sip larva(caterpillar), plants liquid pupa(chrysalis), food/nectar adult from flowers. Complete metamorphosis: eggs (40-400 raft of tiny while eggs in water) Larva: molt several times, look like adult Adult Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) Leave itchy red welts on skin. Transmit diseases like malaria, yellow fever, West Nile Virus. Provide food for thousands 2 Locust Look like grasshoppers, 2 antennae, six legs, pair of wings, 3 body parts Deserts, grasslands Plants, crops Incomplete metamorphosis: egg, nymph, adult Insects & Humans: Friends & Foes, Level 2, WA Sheryl Lundahl, Jillian Stoknes, Shoreline School District – Project GLAD (9/16/10) of animals Can swarm and destroy crops causing famine and starvation Some people eat for protein. 3